Physik der Atome und Moleküle: Eine Einführung (German Edition)

Baur Trapped ion quantum computer A trapped ion quantum computer consists of ions, or charged atomic particles, that can be confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields.

Prof. Andreas Wallraff

Qubits are stored in stable electronic states of each ion, and quantum information can be processed and transferred through the collective quantized motion of the ions in the trap interacting through the Coulomb force. Lasers are applied to induce coupling between the qubit states for single qubit operations or coupling between the internal qubit states and the external motional states for entanglement between qubits.

The fundamental operations of a quantum computer have been demonstrated experimentally with high accuracy or "high fidelity" in quantum computing language in trapped ion systems and a strategy has been developed for scaling the system to arbitrarily large numbers of qubits by shuttling ions in an array of ion traps. Baur Game theory and quantum mechanics Entanglement gives rise to a wealth of intriguing phenomena, such as quantum teleportation and superdense coding, that challenge our 'classical' assumptions.

It also makes playing games quite surprising: Here, we consider an experiment in which the protagonists of the game, spins, play a quantum version of the prisoner's dilemma, and examine how entanglement affects the optimal strategy. Eisert Du Schmid S. Faist A different kind of phase: As an example, the wave function of a spin placed in a B-field acquires a phase. In the case where the Hamiltonian describing the spin is time-independent, the phase is proportional to the energy of the spin. However, when the Hamiltonian varies in time, the spin acquires yet another phase, the so-called geometric phase.

This phase has been observed in a wide range of physical implementations.

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Here, we examine some of the fundamental properties of this phase and its potential uses in quantum computation. Anandan Sjoqvist S. Berger Bose - Einstein condensation Due to the symmetry of quantummechanical many particle states, the single particle groundstate of a bosonic systems can be macroscopically occupied below a critical temperature.

This state of matter is called Bose-Einstein condensation and has already been predicted at the beginning of the last century. The observation of BEC required experimental techinques like laser cooling and evoporative cooling and therefore has first been realised 70 years later in The talk should explain the principle quantum mechanism that leads to BEC, discuss some properties of this state of matter and illustrate some experimental techniques.

Ketterle Anderson Davis C. Wolf Quantum phase transitions in optical lattices At absolute zero temperature all thermal fluctuations are frozen out and the system is in its ground state. Nevertheless, quantum fluctuations prevail and can induce a macroscopic phase transition by changing a system parameter. One example for such a quantum phase transition is the one from a superfluid to a Mott insulator phase.

The talk should explain the meaning of optical lattices in this context, discuss the concept of quantum phase transitions and illsutrate this concept on the basis of the given example. Eichler Quantum Dots Quantum dots are often called artificial atoms. The reason for this is that when electrons are confined in all three dimensions, as they are in a quantum dot, phenomena similar to those observed in atoms and nuclei can be observed.

These structures are mainly made via nanofabrication techniques and their behavior and characteristic features respectively can be changed by external means. Therefore it is possible by simply changing the design of the quantum dot, e. Kastner Kouwenhoven, Marcus T.

Frey Fullerene C60 One of the most puzzling features of quantum mechanics is the wave particle duality. Interference patterns, known from experiments where laser light is shone on different numbers of slits could also be observed using C60 molecules Fullerenes. The interesting fact is that these objects show wave-like characteristics even though they are almost classical bodies.

For the discovery of the fascinating molecules itself, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in to Robert F. Kroto and Richard E. Arndt Smalley T. Frey Quantum Cryptography Quantum cryptography is a technique based on quantum systems to perform cryptographic tasks by quantum key distribution between two parties.

Fundamental quantum mechanical concepts are utilized to produce a shared random bit string known only to the distant parties, which can then be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages. Quantum cryptography enables provably secure encryption of messages.

It provides remedy for the vulnerability of present classical cryptography algorithms against attacks with potentially quantum computers. An unknown quantum state is transmitted without the transport of the quantum system itself. The ingredients for the teleportation protocol are an entangled quantum system and a special measurement on the quantum system which should be teleported. Since properties, like the lifetime or the dipole moment, depend very strongly on n, a Rydberg atom shows interesting behavior. If we excite a single atom to a Rydberg state in a cloud of atoms it shifts the levels of all the others in its vicinity and prevents further excitation.

This "Rydberg blockade" can be used to implement famous algorithms, like the Grover algorithm fast search in an unsorted database , very efficiently and with high fidelity. Rydberg enabled capabilities include long-range two-qubit gates, collective encoding of multiqubit registers, implementation of robust light-atom quantum interfaces, and the potential for simulating quantum many-body physics. A possible talk could introduce into the concepts of Rydberg atoms and focus on some experiments. Saffman Molmer Tobias Thiele Superconductivity: Quantum coherence at a macroscopic level As a manifestation of quantum effects on a macroscopic scale, superconductivity represents a spectacular physical phenomenon.

Consequently, the most remarkable physical phenomena associated with it, are macroscopic ones - the total disappearance of resistivity, the exclusion of flux, the flux quantization in macroscopic cylinders, the interference effects between junctions a macroscopic distance apart. All of these instances arise from the unique properties of superconductivity as a broken-symmetry state and reflect the phase rigidity of the electron pair fluid. Benedec Nuclear magnetic resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR represents the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation by nuclei with nonzero spin placed in an external magnetic field.

As can be shown in quantum mechanics, the absorption of radiation is particularly efficient when the photon energy equals the difference between the nuclear energy levels, hence implying transitions between them. The dependence of the resonance parameters on the nucleus surroundings, make NMR a highly sensitive and versatile spectroscopic tool. Its incredibly vast and successful applications in the most disparate fields of science is witnessed among others by the many Nobel prizes in physics, chemistry and medicine, awarded for work related to NMR.

Zhu de Hua, P.

Organisatorisches siehe diese Webseite. Atomare Spektren - Bohrsches Atommodell Skript. Meaning of "Undulator" in the German dictionary. Instrument for recording received Morse code on long telegraph cables. Instrument zur Aufzeichnung empfangener Morsezeichen bei langen Telegrafenkabeln. Synonyms and antonyms of Undulator in the German dictionary of synonyms.

Examples of use in the German literature, quotes and news about Undulator. Im unteren Teil der Abbildung ist skizziert, wie beim Durchgang des Elektronenpakets durch den Undulator Pulsstruktur der Strahlung fic: Georg Michael Kalvius, The undulator period amounts to 1 2 mm. The second undulator can be both, moved along and also be rotated around the electron beam axis. These possibilities allow the production of radiation with an arbitrary polarization state between Gauge, Christine Henderson, In contrast, FELs fire electrons from a linear accelerator into an undulator , in which magnets of alternating polarity push and pull the electrons along a sinuous Ein solcher Undulator ist gut Meter lang und besteht aus Permanentmagneten, die abwechselnd polarisiert hintereinander angeordnet sind.