Revenge of the Raiders (Memoirs of a Zone Raider Book 2)

It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, who captured Henry Jones in order to get Indiana to help them find the Grail. However, Indiana recovers his father's diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana and Henry realize that their relationship with each other is more important than finding the relic.

Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. Indiana is faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac Ray Winstone , is introduced to a greaser named Mutt Williams Shia LaBeouf , who turns out to be his son his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III , and is reunited with, and eventually marries, Marion Ravenwood, who was introduced in the first movie. His friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making a James Bond film , but Lucas told him of an idea "better than James Bond", outlining the plot of Raiders of the Lost Ark.

Spielberg loved it, calling it "a James Bond film without the hardware ", [7] though he had the character's surname changed to Jones. Spielberg and Lucas aimed to make Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective break-ups and divorces. Lucas made the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. He had ideas regarding the Monkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones.

Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that "The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son.

Following the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment, and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles , which explored the character in his early years. Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December , he realized that the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the s. The film could reflect a science fiction s B-movie , with aliens as the plot device.

Lucas devised a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October to May After learning that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, Lucas decided to have Russians as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film or at least not until War of the Worlds in Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels instead.

In , Spielberg's son asked when the next Indiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period. Lucas found these artifacts as fascinating as the Ark, [16] and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended shoot, [14] but he was overwhelmed by the task, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg, and Lucas to focus. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List , [20] while Ford felt "We plum[b] wore the Nazis out.

David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds , [11] based on the Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , as Spielberg found this a more inviting title which actually named the plot device. I don't think that's reality.

It's a fun rumor. I would love to do another Indiana Jones movie. George Lucas is working on an idea now.

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Shia can get his own hat. I earned that hat. At the Cannes Film Festival , Lucas made a further suggestion that there would be a fifth film, revealing an idea "to make Shia LaBeouf the lead character next time and have Harrison Ford come back like Sean Connery did in the last movie. Lucas also said that age need not be a factor, as Ford was "65 and did everything in this movie. The old chemistry is there, and it's not like he's an old man. He's incredibly agile; he looks even better than he did 20 years ago, if you ask me.

Harrison Ford is Indiana Jones.

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When asked how being married to Marion Ravenwood and having a son would affect the character in a fifth film, Ford only replied: Remember those are the only witnesses to what he's seen. That's kind of interesting. I think it would be interesting to deepen the relationship between he and his son and play on that relationship It's full of opportunity. The series is full of opportunity. The possibility of Indiana Jones 5 continued to be discussed through and Reports speculated in June that the next installment would start filming in with a plot involving the Bermuda Triangle , [35] although these rumors were later described as "completely false" by Frank Marshall on his Twitter page.

I heard this about six months ago, that they have a story that they like and they're working on it. It's not on until there is a writer on the project. There is no writer on Indy. In a May interview with Vanity Fair , Kathleen Kennedy confirmed plans for a fifth film, stating another film "will one day be made inside this company. When it will happen, I'm not quite sure. We haven't started working on a script yet, but we are talking about it.

Movies Ford will likely reprise his role in the fifth Indiana Jones film. On March 15, , Walt Disney Studios announced that the fifth film would be released on July 19, , with Ford reprising his role, Spielberg directing, Koepp writing and Kennedy and Marshall acting as producers. George Lucas was initially not going to be involved with the film. Both Spielberg and Iger discussed the fifth film, with Spielberg stating that Indiana Jones would not be killed off.

On January 19, , Deadline Hollywood reported that Spielberg is eyeing the fifth Indiana Jones film as his next project following the release of Ready Player One , which was released in March A television series titled The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles — featured three incarnations of the character: Sean Patrick Flanery played Indiana aged 16—20; Corey Carrier played an 8- to year-old version in several episodes; and George Hall narrated the show as the year-old Jones, who bookended each episode.

Lucas began developing the series in as " edutainment " that would be more cerebral than the films. The show was his first collaboration with producer Rick McCallum , and he wrote the stories for each episode. The show was filmed in over 25 countries for over weeks.

Season one was shot from March to March ; the second season began two months later and wrapped in April Ratings were good if unspectacular, and ABC was nervous enough to put the show on hiatus after six episodes until September Filming for the final four episodes took place from January to May It was also an experimentation ground in digital effects for Lucasfilm.

Lucas had been working for some time on drastically reediting and restructuring the show for a home video release; major structural changes were made, including the complete removal of the year-old Jones 'bookend' sections. Among other extras, the discs include approximately new historical featurettes. These were geared toward an adult or young adult audience, and were prequels set in the s or early s after Jones graduates from college. Of the film characters, Lucas only permitted Marcus Brody to appear. Barring Stonehenge , MacGregor chose locations he had visited in the past.

The Genesis Deluge , published in February and featuring Noah's Ark , was the best-selling novel; MacGregor felt this was because it "had a strong following among religious-oriented people [ These feature Gale Parker as Indiana's sidekick; they introduced afterwords to the series, regarding each novel's historical context. Caidin became ill, [97] so Max McCoy took over in and wrote the final four novels: McCoy set his books closer in time to the events of Raiders of the Lost Ark , which led to his characterising Indiana as "a bit darker". The prologue of his first book featured a crystal skull , [98] and this became a recurring story, concluding when Jones gives it up in the final novel.

Lucas' involvement with McCoy's novels was limited, although LucasFilm censored sexual or outlandish elements in order to make the books appeal to younger readers; [97] they also rejected the theme of time travel in the final book. Jones also has a doomed romance with Alecia Dunstin, a librarian at the British Museum. The books were only published in paperback, as the series editor felt readers would not be prepared to pay the hardback price for an adventure novel. In February , the novelizations of the first three films were published in one edition; [] James Rollins ' Kingdom of the Crystal Skull novelization arrived the following May.

MacGregor was said to be writing new books for Ballantine for early , but none have been published.

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A novel based on the video game Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings , written by MacGregor to coincide with the release of the game, was canceled due to problems around the game's production. Additionally, German author Wolfgang Hohlbein wrote eight Indiana Jones novels in the early s, which were never translated to English. All of the following were published by Bantam Books, with the exception of Army of the Dead , which was published by Del Rey. These books were similar to the Choose Your Own Adventure series, allowing the reader to select from options that change the outcome of the story.

Indiana Jones books comprised 11 of the 17 releases in the line, which was initially titled Find Your Fate Adventure. In , Scholastic released a series of middle-grade novels based on the stories and screenplays. Each book of this edition included several pages of color stills from filming. In May , two new middle-grade books were to begin a new series of Untold Adventures , though no further books appeared.

In the early s, different book series featured childhood and young adult adventures of Indiana Jones in the early decades of the century. These books were novelizations of episodes of the TV series.

Oakland Raiders

Some feature Indy around age 8; others have him age These are labeled Choose Your Own Adventure books. Like the TV series, some feature Indy around age 8, others age Format see all Format. All listings filter applied. Condition see all Condition.

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This page was last updated: On New Year's Day of , the Raiders played the San Diego Chargers , hoping to go to the playoffs for the first time since , the game ended with a 38—26 loss.

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Their season ended with another disappointing 8—8 record. Given full autonomy over personnel decisions by the Davis family, McKenzie, in his first day on the job, fired head coach Hue Jackson after only one season on January 10, seeking to hire his own head coach instead. In the process, the Raiders lost their sixth head coach in the past ten seasons, none of whom lasted more than two seasons. Most of the coaching staff has been replaced by new position and strength and conditioning coaches. The Raiders began by running a nose tackle when they run a defense. They lost their home opener on Monday Night Football against San Diego 22—14, and finished the season 4— In the offseason, the Raiders began making major roster moves.

Shortly before, they had traded a fifth-round pick and an undisclosed conditional pick in exchange for Matt Flynn. In the NFL Draft , the Raiders selected linebacker Khalil Mack in the first round and quarterback Derek Carr in the second round hoping each would anchor their side of the ball. Carr was given control early as he was chosen as the starter for the opener of the season.

After an 0—4 start to the season , and an 8—28 overall record as head coach, Allen was fired. The Oakland Raiders finished the season with a record of 3— Carr started all 16 games for the Raiders, the first Raider since to do so. First round pick Mack finished third in Defensive Rookie of the Year voting.

Jack Del Rio was hired to become the new head coach of the Oakland Raiders on January 14, , replacing the fired Dennis Allen who coincidentally had preceded him as the Broncos defensive coordinator and interim head coach Tony Sparano. The Raiders showed great improvement in Del Rio's first season, improving upon their three-win season, going 7—9 in the season.

Rookie wide receiver Amari Cooper fulfilled almost all expectations and Derek Carr continued his improvement at quarterback. The day following the conclusion of the regular season, the Raiders, St. The Chargers were given a one-year approval to relocate as well, conditioned on negotiating a lease agreement with the Rams or an agreement to partner with the Rams on the new stadium construction. The Raiders were given conditional permission to relocate if the Chargers were to decline their option first.

The Chargers eventually announced on January 12, that they would exercise their option to relocate to Los Angeles following the failure of a November ballot initiative to fund a new stadium in San Diego. By mid-February , the team had worked out a one-year lease agreement with the City of Oakland to play at O. Adelson quickly reached out to the Raiders to discuss the team partnering on the new stadium.

On November 28, , the Raiders secured their first winning season since with a comeback win against the Carolina Panthers , and on December 18, the team clinched their first postseason berth since with a victory over the San Diego Chargers. This was the most selections for the team since , and the most for any team in the NFL season. With significant injuries hampering the team, including the loss of starting quarterback Carr in the second to last regular season game, they lost to the Texans 27— Subsequently, the team announced that it will continue to be known as the Oakland Raiders for the and NFL seasons and will play its games in Oakland for at least those two seasons.

After winning the first two games of the season, the Raiders lost four straight and six of their next eight leaving them two games below. They would win their next two games, but lose their final four games, ending the season a disappointing 6— On December 31, , following a loss to the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 17, head coach Del Rio was fired by Mark Davis after being granted a four-year contract extension prior to the season.

On January 6, , the team announced the return of Jon Gruden as head coach. The Raiders have won a total of 3 Super Bowls. When the team was founded in , the Oakland Tribune held a name-the-team contest. The original Raiders uniforms were black and gold with Gothic numerals , while the helmets were black with a white stripe and no logo. The team wore this design from to When Al Davis became head coach and general manager in , he changed the team's color scheme to silver and black, and added a logo to the helmet.

This logo is a shield that consists of the word "RAIDERS" at the top, two crossed cutlasses with handles up and cutting edge down, and superimposed head of a Raider wearing a football helmet and a black eye patch covering his right eye. Over the years, it has undergone minor color modifications such as changing the background from silver to black in , but it has essentially remained the same. The Raiders' current silver and black uniform design has essentially remained the same since it debuted in The black jerseys have silver lettering names and numbers, while the white jerseys have black lettering names and numbers with silver outlining the numbers only.

Originally, the white jerseys had black letters for the names and silver numbers with a thick black outline, but they were changed to black with a silver outline for the season.

Indiana Jones (franchise) - Wikipedia

In , the team used silver numerals with black outline and black lettering names for the season. However, in , the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since with the exception of the season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the helmets with the silver away numbers and black lettering names.

The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, against the San Diego Chargers. The decision was made by Lane Kiffin, who was coaching his final game for the Raiders, and was purportedly due to intense heat. In the and seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis.

However, the team reverted to white cleats in After splitting the first home season between Kezar Stadium and Candlestick , the Raiders moved exclusively to Candlestick Park in , where total attendance for the season was about 50,, and finished 2— Valley threatened to move the Raiders out of the area unless a stadium was built in Oakland, so in the Raiders moved into 18,seat Frank Youell Field later expanded to 22, seats , their first home in Oakland.

On September 23, they played the Miami Dolphins in Berkeley due to a scheduling conflict with the Athletics. The team defeated the Dolphins 12—7, ending Miami's winning streak. From the assumption of the team by Mark Davis in , the Raiders had been subject to rampant relocation speculation as the team attempted to find a new stadium in Oakland or elsewhere, due to the age of Oakland Alameda Coliseum , being secondary tenants to Major League Baseball 's Athletics , and the expiration of the team's lease at the end of After looking into a variety of options in the Bay Area, Los Angeles and elsewhere the team will ultimately relocate to Las Vegas by Raiders' owner Mark Davis further increased the unlikelihood of the Raiders and the 49ers to share Levi's stadium when he told NFL Network reporter Ian Rapoport that he has no plans to share the stadium but that he did recognize the Raiders' need for a new home and that he hoped the new home would be in Oakland.

Had the Raiders moved to Santa Clara, this would have marked the third time the Raiders and 49ers use the same venue. The San Diego Chargers however had the first option to join the Rams at the new stadium, but the Raiders would have been authorized to negotiate an agreement if the Chargers did not exercise their option by January On March 7, , then-mayor Jean Quan unveiled an ambitious project to the media that was designed to improve the sports facilities of all three major league sports teams in the city the Raiders, Major League Baseball MLB 's Athletics and the National Basketball Association NBA 's Golden State Warriors , as well as attract new businesses to the city.

The project, dubbed Coliseum City, had entailed the redevelopment of the existing Oakland Alameda Coliseum complex. The redevelopment would have seen the construction of two new stadiums on the present location, a baseball-only stadium and a football-only stadium, while Oracle Arena , home of the Warriors, will be either rebuilt or undergo extensive renovations. However, no officials from either of Oakland's major league teams were present at the media conference. In an ideal situation, construction would have started by the end of The group had met with team executives and Oakland city officials to brief them on their proposal.

They also met with mayor Libby Schaaf. The Alameda County Board of Supervisors voted to begin negotiations with Lott's group and with the city of Oakland regarding the "price and terms of sale" for the acre land of the Oakland Coliseum and Oracle Arena. On November 22, , a framework deal to keep the Raiders in Oakland was announced. The Ronnie Lott proposal was voted on by the Oakland city and Alameda County elected officials on December 13, [] and approved by Oakland in a 7—0 vote and by Alameda County in a 3—1 vote. Al Davis coined slogans such as "Pride and Poise", "Commitment to Excellence", and "Just Win, Baby"—all of which are registered trademarks of the team.

The nickname Raider Nation refers to the die hard fans of the team spread throughout the United States and the world. The Raider Nation is also known for the Black Hole, a specific area of the Coliseum sections — frequented by the team's rowdiest and most fervent fans. Al Davis created the phrase Raider Nation in A and the effect of the Raiders' image on their persona. It was released on September 14, The Oakland Raiderettes are the cheerleading squad for the Oakland Raiders. They were established in as the Oakland Raiderettes.

They have been billed as "Football's Fabulous Females". Additionally, games are broadcast on 20 radio stations in Nevada , Oregon , Colorado , Hawaii , and Arkansas. George Atkinson and Jim Plunkett offer pre- and post-game commentary. Compass Media Networks is responsible for producing and distributing Raiders radio broadcasts. Bill King was the voice of the Raiders from to , during which time he called approximately games. The Raiders awarded him rings for all three of their Super Bowl victories.

King died in October from complications after surgery. Until their dismissal prior to the season, Greg Papa was the voice of the Raiders with former Raiders quarterback and coach Tom Flores doing commentary from to The Raiders are a beneficiary of league scheduling policies.

In addition, they cannot play interconference home games at the same time or network as the 49ers. As a result, both teams generally have more limited scheduling options, and also benefit by receiving more prime time games than usual. They also have rivalries with other teams that arose from playoff battles in the past, most notably with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots.

The Chiefs are the Raiders biggest and most hated divisional foe, and the bitter rivalry between the two teams have had several memorable moments. From to , the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10—game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs on December 28, Wild Card Playoffs; final score was 10—6. On September 8, , the Chiefs also began to lead the overall series against the Raiders for the first time since November 23, On January 1, , the last game of the NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since in overtime on a yard field goal kick made by Joe Nedney.

The Chiefs lead the overall series 62—53—2 , and are the only team in the AFC West that the Raiders have a losing record against. Until October 19, - when they defeated the Chiefs, on a game-tying touchdown on the last play of the game, leading to a game winning PAT - the Raiders had lost 5 straight to the Chiefs, their previous win against them being in the season.

The Raiders' rivalry with the Broncos , while not as bitter as their rivalry with the Chiefs, is still very heated, as the two teams have faced each other twice a year since the AFL's inception. The Raiders had a game winning streak against the Broncos from to , which lasted until October 22, when the Broncos defeated the Raiders 30— While the Raiders still hold the advantage in the all-time series 60—49—2 , the Broncos amassed 21 wins in 28 games, from the season and the arrival of Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan , through the season.

Shanahan coached the Raiders before being fired just four games into the season, which has only served to intensify this rivalry. On Sunday, October 24, , the Raiders beat the Broncos 59—14 , giving the Raiders the most points scored in a game in the team's history.

On December 13, , The Raiders pulled a huge upset on the Broncos 15—12 by a spectacular performance from their defense allowing 4 field goals. Linebacker Khalil Mack who recorded 5 sacks In that game against Denver which is tied the most sacks in franchise along with Howie Long. Final Score was 20— The Los Angeles Chargers ' rivalry with Oakland dates to the season, when the Raiders defeated the heavily favored Chargers twice, both come-from-behind fourth quarter victories. The Raiders held a streak without losing to the Chargers with a 16—0—2 record from to One of the most memorable games between these teams was the "Holy Roller" game in , in which the Raiders fumbled for a touchdown in a very controversial play.

The Raiders were victorious over the Chargers of a score 34— The Raiders ended up moving on to play in Super Bowl 15 defeating the Eagles 27— The Chargers led the game in the 1st half 24—0 until the Raiders came into the 2nd half and made a huge comeback and defeated the San Diego Chargers 28— The Raiders hold the overall series advantage at 59—50—2. The first exhibition game, played in , ended with the 49ers defeating the AFL Raiders 13— After the merger, the 49ers won in Oakland 38—7.

As a result, games between the two are referred to as the "Battle of the Bay. Fans and players of the winning team can claim "bragging rights" as the better team in the area. On August 20, , in the third week of the preseason, the preseason game between the rivals was marked by fights in restrooms and stands at Candlestick Park , including a shooting outside the stadium in which several were injured. The NFL has decided to cancel all future preseason games between the Raiders and 49ers. The series ended on November 1, during a Thursday Night Football broadcast at Levi's Stadium, marking the last time both teams would meet before the Raiders moved to their new home in Las Vegas.

The 49ers won the game to tie their regular season series at 7. The rivalry between the Raiders and New England Patriots dates to their time in the AFL, but was intensified during a preseason game, when Patriots wide receiver Darryl Stingley was permanently paralyzed after a vicious hit delivered by Raiders free safety Jack Tatum. Before that, New England also lost a playoff game in to the Raiders; the game is unofficially known as "The Ben Dreith Game" due to a controversial penalty by head referee Dreith.

While based in Los Angeles, the team hosted New England in the divisional round of the playoffs in The game was won by New England and marred by a chaotic rumble between the teams in the end zone as players were leaving the field after the game. The two teams met in a divisional-round playoff game in , which became known as the " Tuck Rule Game ".

Late in the game, an incomplete pass, ruled a fumble, by Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was overturned, and New England went on to win in overtime and eventually won the Super Bowl against the heavily favored St. Louis Rams , the Raiders' former crosstown rivals in Los Angeles. The first contest being the following year during the season in Oakland, with the Raiders winning 27—20; they met in the season opener in New England with the Patriots ruining Randy Moss ' debut as a Raider 30—20; the Patriots defeated the Raiders 49—26 in December in Bill Belichick 's th regular season win as Patriots coach; a Patriots 31—19 win during the season ; a scrappy 16—9 Patriots win in the third week of the season , and the Patriots' 33—8 win in Mexico City in The New York Jets began a strong rivalry with the Raiders in the AFL during the s that continued through much of the s, fueled in part by Raider Ike Lassiter breaking star quarterback Joe Namath 's jaw during a game though Ben Davidson wrongly got blamed , [] the famous Heidi Game during the season, and the Raiders' bitter loss to the Jets in the AFL Championship later that season.

The rivalry waned in later years, but saw a minor resurgence in the —02 period. The Raiders lost the 37—27 on December 8, , but won the most recent matchup 20—34 on November 1, Rivalries that have waned in recent [ when? The next year in the divisional playoffs the Raiders trailed Miami 26—21; in the final minute the Raiders drove to the Miami eight yard line; a desperation pass by Ken Stabler was caught in traffic by Clarence Davis in the play known as the "Sea of Hands. The Pittsburgh Steelers ' rivalry with the Raiders has historically been very tight; as of the season the Raiders lead the regular season series 12 wins to 10, and their playoff rivalry is tied 3—3.

The rivalry was extremely intense during the s. The Steelers knocked the Raiders out of the playoffs in three of four consecutive seasons in the early s the first loss was the " Immaculate Reception " game until the Raiders finally beat the Steelers in the AFC Championship and went on to win Super Bowl XI. When the two teams met in the season opener, Atkinson hit Swann again and gave him another concussion.

On December 6, the 3—8 Raiders helped spoil the defending champions ' quest for the playoffs as the game lead changed five times in the fourth quarter and a Louis Murphy touchdown with 11 seconds to go won it 27—24 for the Raiders. Oakland was then beaten 35—3 by Pittsburgh on November 21, ; this game brought out the roughness of the rivalry's s history when Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger was punched by Raiders defensive end Richard Seymour following a touchdown.

Most recently, on November 8, , the Steelers outplayed the Raiders for a 38—35 victory. During the game, the Raiders defense allowed wide receiver Antonio Brown to catch 17 passes for yards. Both are Steelers team records and the yards is the 7th most yards receiving in a game in NFL history. Oakland defeated the Oilers in the Wild Card playoffs 27—7 and defeated the Titans in the AFC Championship Game 41—24; the combined scores of these four games is — As mentioned earlier, the Oakland Raiders and Los Angeles Rams had a rivalry during the 13 years both teams shared the Los Angeles market.

The teams met six times in the regular season in this period; Raiders won the 1st meeting 37—31 when both teams met in this period on December 18, , with the Raiders winning four times during the battle of Los Angeles. Max Winter, a Minneapolis businessman was among the eight proposed franchise owners in the American Football League. In a move typical of the NFL owners who were frightened by the prospect of competition and continually obstructed the new league, they offered Winter an expansion franchise in the NFL. This was after the NFL had rejected Lamar Hunt's feelers, saying they were not interested in expansion.

After the AFL's first draft, in which players were selected for the then nameless Minneapolis franchise, Winter reneged from his agreement with the AFL owners and defected to the NFL with a franchise that started play in and was named the Minnesota Vikings. Once the consortium of owners was found for the eighth franchise, the team was named the Raiders. The Minneapolis group did not take with them any of the rights to players they drafted when they defected to the NFL, because their first draft in that league was in The Raiders were not originally in Minnesota as some claim.

They were a new, charter franchise in the American Football League. One reason they were so weak in the first few years of the AFL was that the other AFL teams did not make quality players available in the allocation draft. At the time, Oakland seemed an unlikely venue for a professional football team.