Black Bottom Stomp: Eight Masters of Ragtime and Early Jazz (Media and Popular Culture)

Gilberto's initial releases, and the film Black Orpheus , achieved significant popularity in Latin America ; this spread to North America via visiting American jazz musicians. Post-bop jazz is a form of small-combo jazz derived from earlier bop styles. Generally, the term post-bop is taken to mean jazz from the mid-sixties onwards that assimilates influences from hard bop , modal jazz , the avant-garde and free jazz, without necessarily being immediately identifiable as any of the above.

Much post-bop was recorded for Blue Note Records. Most post-bop artists worked in other genres as well, with a particularly strong overlap with the earlier hard bop. Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong influences from blues , gospel and rhythm and blues to create music for small groups, often the organ trio of Hammond organ , drummer and tenor saxophonist. Unlike hard bop , soul jazz generally emphasized repetitive grooves and melodic hooks, and improvisations were often less complex than in other jazz styles. It often had a steadier "funk" style groove, which was different from the swing rhythms typical of much hard bop.

Horace Silver had a large influence on the soul jazz style, with songs that used funky and often gospel -based piano vamps. There was a resurgence of interest in jazz and other forms of African-American cultural expression during the Black Arts Movement and Black nationalist period of the s and s. African themes became popular, and many new jazz compositions were given African-related titles: Pianist Randy Weston 's music incorporated African elements, such as in the large-scale suite "Uhuru Africa" with the participation of poet Langston Hughes and "Highlife: Music From the New African Nations.

Some musicians, including Pharoah Sanders , Hubert Laws , and Wayne Shorter , began using African instruments such as kalimbas , bells, beaded gourds and other instruments which were not traditional to jazz. The first jazz standard composed by a non-Latino to use an overt African 12 8 cross-rhythm was Wayne Shorter 's " Footprints " African rhythmic structures are accessed directly by Ron Carter bass and Tony Williams drums via the rhythmic sensibilities of swing. Throughout the piece, the four beats, whether sounded or not, are maintained as the temporal referent.

The following example shows the 12 8 and 4 4 forms of the bass line. The slashed noteheads indicate the main beats not bass notes , where one ordinarily taps their foot to "keep time. The use of pentatonic scales was another trend associated with Africa. The use of pentatonic scales in Africa probably goes back thousands of years. McCoy Tyner perfected the use of the pentatonic scale in his solos, [] and also used parallel fifths and fourths, which are common harmonies in West Africa. The minor pentatonic scale is often used in blues improvisation, and like a blues scale, a minor pentatonic scale can be played over all of the chords in a blues.

The following pentatonic lick was played over blues changes by Joe Henderson on Horace Silver 's "African Queen" Jazz pianist, theorist, and educator Mark Levine refers to the scale generated by beginning on the fifth step of a pentatonic scale as the V pentatonic scale. Levine points out that the V pentatonic scale works for all three chords of the standard II-V-I jazz progression. Accordingly, John Coltrane's " Giant Steps " , with its 26 chords per 16 bars, can be played using only three pentatonic scales. Coltrane studied Nicolas Slonimsky 's Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns , which contains material that is virtually identical to portions of "Giant Steps".

Superimposing the pentatonic scale over "Giant Steps" is not merely a matter of harmonic simplification, but also a sort of "Africanizing" of the piece, which provides an alternate approach for soloing. Mark Levine observes that when mixed in with more conventional "playing the changes", pentatonic scales provide "structure and a feeling of increased space. In the late s and early s, the hybrid form of jazz-rock fusion was developed by combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments and the highly amplified stage sound of rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix and Frank Zappa.

Jazz fusion often uses mixed meters, odd time signatures, syncopation, complex chords, and harmonies. In , Davis fully embraced the electric instrument approach to jazz with In a Silent Way , which can be considered his first fusion album. Composed of two side-long suites edited heavily by producer Teo Macero , this quiet, static album would be equally influential to the development of ambient music. The music I was really listening to in was James Brown , the great guitar player Jimi Hendrix , and a new group who had just come out with a hit record, " Dance to the Music ", Sly and the Family Stone I wanted to make it more like rock.

When we recorded In a Silent Way I just threw out all the chord sheets and told everyone to play off of that. Two contributors to In a Silent Way also joined organist Larry Young to create one of the early acclaimed fusion albums: Pianist Herbie Hancock a Davis alumnus released four albums in the short-lived — psychedelic-jazz subgenre: Mwandishi , Crossings , and Sextant The rhythmic background was a mix of rock, funk, and African-type textures.

Musicians who had previously worked with Davis formed the four most influential fusion groups: Weather Report 's self-titled electronic and psychedelic Weather Report debut album caused a sensation in the jazz world on its arrival in , thanks to the pedigree of the group's members including percussionist Airto Moreira , and their unorthodox approach to music. The album featured a softer sound than would be the case in later years predominantly using acoustic bass with Shorter exclusively playing soprano saxophone , and with no synthesizers involved , but is still considered a classic of early fusion.

It built on the avant-garde experiments which Joe Zawinul and Shorter had pioneered with Miles Davis on Bitches Brew , including an avoidance of head-and-chorus composition in favour of continuous rhythm and movement — but took the music further. To emphasise the group's rejection of standard methodology, the album opened with the inscrutable avant-garde atmospheric piece "Milky Way", which featured by Shorter's extremely muted saxophone inducing vibrations in Zawinul's piano strings while the latter pedalled the instrument.

Down Beat described the album as "music beyond category", and awarded it Album of the Year in the magazine's polls that year. Weather Report 's subsequent releases were creative funk-jazz works. Although some jazz purists protested against the blend of jazz and rock, many jazz innovators crossed over from the contemporary hard bop scene into fusion.

As well as the electric instruments of rock such as electric guitar, electric bass, electric piano and synthesizer keyboards , fusion also used the powerful amplification, "fuzz" pedals , wah-wah pedals and other effects that were used by s-era rock bands. Jazz fusion was also popular in Japan, where the band Casiopea released over thirty fusion albums. According to jazz writer Stuart Nicholson, "just as free jazz appeared on the verge of creating a whole new musical language in the s By the mids, the sound known as jazz-funk had developed, characterized by a strong back beat groove , electrified sounds [] and, often, the presence of electronic analog synthesizers.

Jazz-funk also draws influences from traditional African music, Afro-Cuban rhythms and Jamaican reggae , notably Kingston bandleader Sonny Bradshaw. Another feature is the shift of emphasis from improvisation to composition: Early examples are Herbie Hancock's Headhunters band and Miles Davis' On the Corner album, which, in , began Davis' foray into jazz-funk and was, he claimed, an attempt at reconnecting with the young black audience which had largely forsaken jazz for rock and funk. While there is a discernible rock and funk influence in the timbres of the instruments employed, other tonal and rhythmic textures, such as the Indian tambora and tablas and Cuban congas and bongos, create a multi-layered soundscape.

The s saw something of a reaction against the fusion and free jazz that had dominated the s. Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis emerged early in the decade, and strove to create music within what he believed was the tradition, rejecting both fusion and free jazz and creating extensions of the small and large forms initially pioneered by artists such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington , as well as the hard bop of the s. It is debatable whether Marsalis' critical and commercial success was a cause or a symptom of the reaction against Fusion and Free Jazz and the resurgence of interest in the kind of jazz pioneered in the s particularly modal jazz and post-bop ; nonetheless there were many other manifestations of a resurgence of traditionalism, even if fusion and free jazz were by no means abandoned and continued to develop and evolve.

For example, several musicians who had been prominent in the fusion genre during the s began to record acoustic jazz once more, including Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock. Other musicians who had experimented with electronic instruments in the previous decade had abandoned them by the s; for example, Bill Evans , Joe Henderson , and Stan Getz. Even the s music of Miles Davis , although certainly still fusion, adopted a far more accessible and recognisably jazz-oriented approach than his abstract work of the mids, such as a return to a theme-and-solos approach.

The emergence of young jazz talent beginning to perform in older, established musicians' groups further impacted the resurgence of traditionalism in the jazz community. In the s, the groups of Betty Carter and Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers retained their conservative jazz approaches in the midst of fusion and jazz-rock, and in addition to difficulty booking their acts, struggled to find younger generations of personnel to authentically play traditional styles such as hard bop and bebop.

In the late s, however, a resurgence of younger jazz players in Blakey's band began to occur. In the s, in addition to Wynton and Branford Marsalis , the emergence of pianists in the Jazz Messengers such as Donald Brown , Mulgrew Miller , and later, Benny Green, bassists such as Charles Fambrough , Lonnie Plaxico and later, Peter Washington and Essiet Essiet horn players such as Bill Pierce , Donald Harrison and later Javon Jackson and Terence Blanchard emerged as talented jazz musicians, all of whom made significant contributions in the s and s.

These younger rising stars rejected avant-garde approaches and instead championed the acoustic jazz sound of Charlie Parker , Thelonious Monk and early recordings of the first Miles Davis quintet. This group of "Young Lions" sought to reaffirm jazz as a high art tradition comparable to the discipline of classical music. In addition, Betty Carter 's rotation of young musicians in her group foreshadowed many of New York's preeminent traditional jazz players later in their careers.

A similar reaction [ vague ] took place against free jazz. According to Ted Gioia:. Anthony Braxton began recording standards over familiar chord changes. Cecil Taylor played duets in concert with Mary Lou Williams , and let her set out structured harmonies and familiar jazz vocabulary under his blistering keyboard attack.

And the next generation of progressive players would be even more accommodating, moving inside and outside the changes without thinking twice. Musicians such as David Murray or Don Pullen may have felt the call of free-form jazz, but they never forgot all the other ways one could play African-American music for fun and profit. Pianist Keith Jarrett —whose bands of the s had played only original compositions with prominent free jazz elements—established his so-called 'Standards Trio' in , which, although also occasionally exploring collective improvisation, has primarily performed and recorded jazz standards.

Chick Corea similarly began exploring jazz standards in the s, having neglected them for the s. In the early s, a commercial form of jazz fusion called "pop fusion" or "smooth jazz" became successful, garnering significant radio airplay in " quiet storm " time slots at radio stations in urban markets across the U. In general, smooth jazz is downtempo the most widely played tracks are of 90— beats per minute , and has a lead melody-playing instrument saxophone, especially soprano and tenor, and legato electric guitar are popular.

West has countered the often negative perceptions of smooth jazz, stating:. I challenge the prevalent marginalization and malignment of smooth jazz in the standard jazz narrative. Furthermore, I question the assumption that smooth jazz is an unfortunate and unwelcomed evolutionary outcome of the jazz-fusion era. Instead, I argue that smooth jazz is a long-lived musical style that merits multi-disciplinary analyses of its origins, critical dialogues, performance practice, and reception.

Acid jazz developed in the UK in the s and s, influenced by jazz-funk and electronic dance music. Acid jazz often contains various types of electronic composition sometimes including Sampling music or a live DJ cutting and scratching , but it is just as likely to be played live by musicians, who often showcase jazz interpretation as part of their performance. Ginell of AllMusic considers Roy Ayers "one of the prophets of acid jazz. Nu jazz is influenced by jazz harmony and melodies, and there are usually no improvisational aspects. It can be very experimental in nature and can vary widely in sound and concept.

Jazz rap developed in the late s and early s and incorporates jazz influences into hip hop. The groups which made up the Native Tongues Posse tended toward jazzy releases: Rapper Guru 's Jazzmatazz series began in using jazz musicians during the studio recordings. Although jazz rap had achieved little mainstream success, Miles Davis' final album Doo-Bop released posthumously in was based on hip hop beats and collaborations with producer Easy Mo Bee.

Davis' ex-bandmate Herbie Hancock also absorbed hip-hop influences in the mids, releasing the album Dis Is Da Drum in The relaxation of orthodoxy which was concurrent with post-punk in London and New York City led to a new appreciation of jazz. In London, the Pop Group began to mix free jazz and dub reggae into their brand of punk rock.

Examples of this style include Lydia Lunch 's Queen of Siam , [] Gray, the work of James Chance and the Contortions who mixed Soul with free jazz and punk [] and the Lounge Lizards [] the first group to call themselves " punk jazz ". John Zorn took note of the emphasis on speed and dissonance that was becoming prevalent in punk rock, and incorporated this into free jazz with the release of the Spy vs.

Spy album in , a collection of Ornette Coleman tunes done in the contemporary thrashcore style. The M-Base movement started in the s, when a loose collective of young African-American musicians in New York which included Steve Coleman , Greg Osby , and Gary Thomas developed a complex but grooving [] sound. In the s, most M-Base participants turned to more conventional music, but Coleman, the most active participant, continued developing his music in accordance with the M-Base concept.

Coleman's audience decreased, but his music and concepts influenced many musicians, according to pianist Vijay Iver and critic Ben Ratlifff of The New York Times. M-Base changed from a movement of a loose collective of young musicians to a kind of informal Coleman "school", [] with a much advanced but already originally implied concept. Since the s, jazz has been characterized by a pluralism in which no one style dominates, but rather a wide range of styles and genres are popular.

Individual performers often play in a variety of styles, sometimes in the same performance. Pianist Brad Mehldau and The Bad Plus have explored contemporary rock music within the context of the traditional jazz acoustic piano trio, recording instrumental jazz versions of songs by rock musicians. The Bad Plus have also incorporated elements of free jazz into their music. A firm avant-garde or free jazz stance has been maintained by some players, such as saxophonists Greg Osby and Charles Gayle , while others, such as James Carter , have incorporated free jazz elements into a more traditional framework.

Although jazz-rock fusion reached the height of its popularity in the s, the use of electronic instruments and rock-derived musical elements in jazz continued in the s and s. Since the beginning of the 90s, electronic music had significant technical improvements that popularized and created new possibilities for the genre. Jazz elements such as improvisation, rhythmic complexities and harmonic textures were introduced to the genre and consequently had a big impact in new listeners and in some ways kept the versatility of jazz relatable to a newer generation that didn't necessarily relate to what the traditionalists call real jazz bebop, cool and modal jazz.

It received some criticism, however, for its failure to reflect the many distinctive non-American traditions and styles in jazz that had developed, and its limited representation of US developments in the last quarter of the 20th century. The album heavily featured prominent contemporary jazz artists such as Thundercat [] and redefined jazz rap with a larger focus on improvisation and live soloing rather than simply sampling.

In that same year, saxophonist Kamasi Washington released his nearly three-hour long debut, The Epic. Another internet-aided trend of 's jazz is that of extreme reharmonization , inspired by both virtuosic players known for their speed and rhythm such as Art Tatum , as well as players known for their ambitious voicings and chords such as Bill Evans. Supergroup Snarky Puppy has adopted this trend and has allowed for players like Cory Henry [] to shape the grooves and harmonies of modern jazz soloing.

YouTube phenomenon Jacob Collier also gained recognition for his ability to play an incredibly large number of instruments and his ability to use microtones , advanced polyrhythms, and blend a spectrum of genres in his largely homemade production process. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 16 December For other uses, see Jazz disambiguation.

Blues ragtime spirituals folk marches classical music of West Africa. Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony. A hexatonic blues scale on C, ascending. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

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Swing music and s in jazz. List of bebop musicians. This sample of Duke Ellington's signature tune is an example of the swing style. Excerpt from a saxophone solo by Charlie Parker. The fast, complex rhythms and substitute chords of bebop were important to the formation of jazz. This hard blues by John Coltrane is an example of hard bop, a post-bebop style which is informed by gospel music, blues, and work songs.

This piece by the Mahavishnu Orchestra merges jazz improvisation and rock instrumentation into jazz fusion. This track by Courtney Pine shows how electronica and hip hop influences can be incorporated into modern jazz. African American portal Jazz portal Music portal. A Map of Jazz Styles". Retrieved — via University of Salzburg. From Jazz to Swing: America's Original Art Form. Oxford University Press, 26 July Retrieved 20 June Archived from the original PDF on January 30, Retrieved November 4, — via Paris-Sorbonne University.

A Tale of Three Cities". Retrieved June 8, From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond. Bredigkeit with Dan Morgenstern. Lawrence Hill Books, p. The New Jazz Book.

Black Bottom Stomp: Eight Masters of Ragtime and Early Jazz by David A. Jasen

Retrieved 4 August Retrieved September 10, The Cambridge companion to jazz. The bottom line threatens the creative line in corporate America's approach to music". Archived from the original on Retrieved December 6, A Short History of Jazz. He is known as 'The Father of White Jazz' Continuum International Publishing Group. Cayton; Richard Sisson; Chris Zacher, eds. Women In Jazz, Part 1". Retrieved 27 July Archived from the original on 28 July Retrieved 25 July Many Rivers to Cross. Archived from the original on September 21, Black American Literature Forum.

It came in various sized from three to eight feet long and had previously been banned in the South by whites. Other instruments used were the triangle, a jawbone, and early ancestors to the banjo. Many types of dances were performed in Congo Square, including the 'flat-footed-shuffle' and the 'Bamboula. Archived at the Wayback Machine. Jazz and the Creole Tradition. The World that made New Orleans: CBS News June 26, Africa and the Blues. University Press of Mississippi. Creolizing Contradance in the Caribbean.

Retrieved October 18, Megill, and Maurice Gerow. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, , pp. How To Play Blues Guitar. Handy, Father of the Blues: An Autobiography , edited by Arna Bontemps: Macmillan Company, New York; , pp. The Red Hot Archive. Retrieved October 23, Archived from the original on May 6, The impact of Latin American music on the United States. History and Analysis , 7th edn. Its Principles and African Origins.

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Archived from the original on March 12, Retrieved December 24, The First Years. Retrieved October 27, Negro Music That Stirred France". Retrieved 19 June Retrieved October 24, A History of America's Music 1st ed. Retrieved October 29, The New York Times. Popular Music and Society. Billy Strayhorn and Duke Ellington".

The PL Yearbook of Jazz A Survey of Developments Since Gollancz, Newton, Frankie [Eric Hobsbawm]. Jazz Appreciation Society, Paul, Elliot. Bobbs-Merrill, Ramsey, Frederic, Jr. A Guide to Longplay Jazz Records. Jazzways, Sargeant, Winthrop. Kings Jazz and David. The Story of Jazz. Oxford University Press, Thompson, Kay. A History of Jazz in America. Privately Printed, [32 pp. Quartet, Whiteman, Paul. How to Be a Bandleader. McBride, Williams, Martin T. Knopf, Ake, David.

Black Bottom Stomp: Eight Masters of Ragtime and Early Jazz

Buddy Bolden and the Last Days of Storyville. Cassell, Bastin, Bruce. Storyville Publications, Bernotas, Robert W. Universal Edition, Carmichael, Hoagy. Castles in the Air. Scribers, Castle, Mr. Doubleday, Chilton, John. Who's Who of Jazz. Basic Books, Daniels, Douglas Henry. Verlagsansradt, DaVeaux, Scott. Morrow, Dupree, Mary Herron. Modern Library, Elworth, Steven B. Black Music in the Harlem Renaissance: A Collection of Essays. D dissertation, University of Illinois, Gebhardt, Nicholas. University of Chicago Press, , Gendron, Bernard. Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club: Popular Music and the Avant-Garde.

Duke University Press, , 3 Gennari, John. New World Records Hagert, Thomas. John Hammond On Record: Random House, Hennessey, Thomas J. Wayne State University, Holbrook, Dick. Black Popular Songwriters, Schirmer, "Jazz et Anthropologie," special edition of L'Homme: Morrow, Kennedy, Rick. Indiana University Press, Kenny, William lowland. Reminiscing With Sissle and Blake. Viking, King, Bruce. A Record Diary Farrar Straus Giroux, Leonard, Neil. NY, Lopes, Paul. Cambridge University Press, Lowe, Allen.

American Pop From Minstrel to Moio. Harvard University Press, Meizer, Annabelle. Dada and Surrealist Performance. Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz. Oxford University Press, Oliphant, Dave. University of Texas Press, Oliver, Paul. Prentice-Hall, Peretti, Burton W. The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America.

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Bradley orders her inside the house before he violently dismantles her car with his bare hands. When calm, he enters the house to discuss with Lauren their failing relationship. Bradley decides to forgive Lauren and returns to work as a drug mule. The card game is part of the Duel Masters franchise. Owing to this popularity, it was released in the United States on March 5, The game shares several similarities with Magic: The Gathering, the world's first collectible card game, which was also published by Wizards of the Coast.

In fact, Duelmasters was originally intended as an alternative tradename for Magic: The Gathering and the earlier game play was abandoned in the Duel Masters manga plot to promote this latest experience. The Gathering, Duel Masters players summon creatures and cast spells using mana. Key differences include the fact that all creatures and spells can act as mana producers, creatures cannot block attacking creatur The following is a list of all the episodes that featured in all 14 series of London's Burning — This list includes the original TV film that the series was based on and the Christmas special "Ding Dong Merrily", which aired between Series 1 and Series 2 and is the only episode of London's Burning with a title.

Summary Series Episodes Year s Originally broadcast TV Movie 1 7 December 1 5 20 February — 19 March ChristmasSpecial 1 25 December 2 8 22 October — 10 December 3 8 30 September — 18 November 4 10 29 September — 1 December 5 10 27 September — 29 November 6 10 3 October — 5 December 7 15 4 September — 18 December 8 15 3 September — 17 December 9 15 1 September — 2 February 10 18 14 September — The MCU is the shared universe in which all of the films are set.

The films have been in production since , and in that time Marvel Studios has produced and released 20 films, with 11 more in various stages of production. The films are written and directed by a variety of individuals and feature large, often ensemble, casts. Many of the actors, including Robert Downey Jr. Jackson, and Scarlett Johansson signed contracts to star in numerous films. The first film in the series was Iron Clogging Clogging is a type of folk dance in which the dancer's footwear is used percussively by striking the heel, the toe, or both against a floor or each other to create audible rhythms, usually to the downbeat with the heel keeping the rhythm.

The dance style has recently fused with others including African-American rhythms,[1] and the Peruvian dance "zapateo" which may in itself be derived from early European clog dances , resulting in the birth of newer street dances, such as tap, locking, jump, hakken, stomping, Gangsta Walking, and the Candy Walk dance.

The use of wooden-soled clogs[2] is rarer in the more modern dances since clog shoes are not commonly worn in urban society, and other types of footwear have replaced them in their evolved dance forms. Clogging is often considered the first form of street dance because it evolved in urban environments during the industrial revolution. As the clogging style has evolved over the years, many localities have made contributions by adding local steps and Talks for a sequel to Ant-Man began shortly after that film was released. Thomas Wright "Fats" Waller May 21, — December 15, was an American jazz pianist, organist, composer, singer, and comedic entertainer.

His innovations in the Harlem stride style laid the groundwork for modern jazz piano. His mother instructed him in his youth, and he attended other music lessons, paying for them by working in a grocery store. Pogona is a genus of reptiles containing eight lizard species according to some sources, but some others say nine which are often known by the common name bearded dragons. The name "bearded dragon" refers to the "beard" of the dragon, the underside of the throat which can turn black if they are stressed or see a potential rival.

They are adept climbers, spending significant amounts of time on branches and in bushes and near human habitation. Pogona species bask on rocks and exposed branches in the mornings and afternoons. They are found throughout much of Australia in a wide range of habitats such as deserts, shrublands and Eucalyptus woodlands. Eight matches were contested at the event including with one match on the pre-show.

During the post-match, Reigns viciously attacked Triple H, which sent him to the hospital. Storylines The card consisted of eight matches, including one of the preshow, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by WWE's writers. It premiered on October 12, The number of contestants was originally 17 with one semifinalist re-entering the competition after a contestant withdrew.

Greek model Vicky Kaya Greek: The number of applications reached approximately Many of the applications had been sent in from abroad, which means that some of the contestants were from other countries. The final episode aired on February 15, The winner was year-old Seraina Kazamia from Crete. The following is a list of recorded songs by American rapper the Game.

Meredith Curly Hunter, Jr. October 24, — December 6, was an year-old African-American teen who was killed at the Altamont Free Concert. During the performance by The Rolling Stones, Hunter approached the stage, and was violently driven off by members of the Hells Angels motorcycle club who had been contracted to serve as security guards. He subsequently returned to the stage area, drew a revolver, and was stabbed and beaten to death by Hells Angel Alan Passaro. The incident was caught on camera and became a central scene in the documentary Gimme Shelter.

Passaro was charged with murder. After an eight-man, four-woman jury deliberated for 12 and a half hours, following 17 days of testimony, Passaro was acquitted on grounds of self-defense. Altamont Hunter, an year-old arts student from Berkeley, California, was nicknamed "Murdock" and described by friends to be a flashy dresser with a big Afro. Hunter, his girlfriend Patty Bredehoft, and another couple traveled from Berkeley to attend Nigel Gavin is a New Zealand based musician and composer, best known as a guitar player.

He has a vast musical vocabulary which ranges from acoustic blues and folk to jazz, rock, fusion, surf pop, complex ambient grooves and various world music genres, in particular klezmer.

Nigel's original jazz compositions cross boundaries of genre and combine musical traditions. He has toured extensively and performed at numerous music and art festivals in New Zealand, America, Australia and Europe. An active mentor to yo It tells the story of death row supervisor Paul Edgecombe's encounter with John Coffey, an unusual inmate who displays inexplicable healing and empathetic abilities. The serial novel was originally released in six volumes before being republished as a single-volume work.

The book is an example of magical realism. Publication history The Green Mile was first published in six low-priced paperback volumes. The first, subtitled The Two Dead Girls was published on March 28, , with new volumes following monthly until the final volume, Coffey on the Mile, was released on August 29, The novel was republished as a single paperback volume on May 5, In , Subterranean Press released a 10th anniversary edition of the novel in three different versions, each mimicking the original six-volume release: Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by PepsiCo.

Originally created and developed in by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, ,[1] and then as Pepsi in It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in after the root of the word "dyspepsia" and the kola nuts used in the recipe. The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla. In , Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7, gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi Archived from the original PDF on July 26, Retrieved September 14, Member feedback about Black Bottom Stomp: Black Bottom dance topic Edith Wilson performing the Black Bottom dance the London production of Lew Leslie's "Blackbirds" The black bottom is a dance which became popular in the s—the Roaring Twenties, also known as the Jazz Age, and the era of the flapper.

Member feedback about Black Bottom dance: Novelty and fad dances Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Black Bottom topic Black Bottom can refer to several things. Member feedback about Red Hot Peppers: Musical groups from Chicago, Illinois Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Jelly Roll Morton: Luckey Roberts topic Charles Luckyth Roberts August 7, — February 5, , better known as Luckey Roberts, was an American composer and stride pianist who worked in the jazz, ragtime, and blues styles.

Member feedback about Luckey Roberts: Ragtime composers Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Stomp Off topic Stomp Off is an American jazz record company and label. Member feedback about Stomp Off: American record labels Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Kansas City Stomp: Jelly Roll Morton songs Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Member feedback about Ella and Louis: Vocal duet albums Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. United States National Recording Registry recor Member feedback about Frog Legs Rag: Rags Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.

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