Entropy - Gods Dice Game

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Return to Book Page. Why do we want more and more money regardless of how much we already have? Why do we hate to be manipulated and to lose? Why do twenty percent of the people own eighty percent of the wealth? Why in most languages, the most common word appears twice as often as the second most common word?

The cause for all these phenomena is the very same law that makes water flow from high to low, and heat — from hot place to a cold one. The entropy represent the uncertainty of a system in hypothetical equilibrium state in which everybody and everything have equal opportunities but slim chances to win; or in other words - the majority have little and a few have a lot.

The book describes the historical evolution of the understanding of entropy, alongside the biographies of the scientists who contributed to its definition and exploration of its effects in exact sciences, communication theory, economy and sociology.

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The book is of interest to wide audience of scientist, engineers, students and the general public alike. Kindle Edition , pages. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Entropy - God's Dice Game , please sign up. Be the first to ask a question about Entropy - God's Dice Game. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia.

Agerico De rated it it was amazing Mar 24, Sourabh Agarwal rated it it was amazing Dec 13, Rebcabin rated it really liked it Sep 09, Paul rated it it was ok Nov 30, Jacob Brauner rated it really liked it Mar 24, Aaron rated it really liked it Apr 14, Donald N rated it liked it Sep 21, Anas rated it really liked it Mar 29, Kushagra rated it it was amazing Sep 04, Ivan Vesely rated it really liked it Jun 14, John P Cochran rated it it was amazing Aug 02, Steve rated it liked it May 08, Arjunan Muthu Kumaran rated it liked it Apr 16, Duncan Hendy rated it it was amazing Mar 11, Ying Xu rated it liked it Dec 15, Oliver Smith rated it liked it Sep 07, However, there are opposite examples, i.

Many believe that disorder increases spontaneously because it is a common belief. Lord Kelvin, a famous 19 th century scientist, claimed that objects heavier than air namely objects that their specific density is higher than that of air cannot fly. He made this colossal mistake not because he did not know about Bernoulli law that is forgivable… but because he did not look at the birds in the sky! Like most people he saw birds flying but he never related their flight to physics. Order is generated all around us, and spontaneous generation of order should be explained by physics.

Everything in our world is energy. If we use pulses for the energetic bits for the file transmission EM pulse is a classic oscillator , the transferred energy from the hot transmitter to the cold receiver is a thermodynamic process in which Shannon entropy is the amount of the increase of Gibbs entropy of the process. Shannon information IS entropy. The reason for this common error is the confusion between information a-la Shannon that is defined as the logarithm of the number of the possible different transmitted files and our intuition that information is ONE specific file.

In our book a specific transmitted file which is a microstate is called content. Therefore Shannon information is the logarithm of the number of all possible contents. This book is a Masterpiece… trying to explain in a plain and understandable language a hard-to-explain subject.. The Carnot efficiency The Carnot efficiency is the maximum amount of work that can be produced from a given amount of heat transferred between two temperatures. The Clausius entropy The Clausius entropy is the heat energy added or removed divided by the temperature of its source.

The Boltzmann entropy The Boltzmann entropy is the logarithm of the possible distinguishable arrangements microstates of a system multiplied by Boltzmann constant. The Gibbs entropy The Gibbs entropy is the sum over all microstates of the probability of the microstate times its logarithm, multiplied by minus Boltzmann constant.

Entropy - God's Dice Game by Oded Kafri

Shannon's entropy The Shannon entropy is Gibbs entropy with Boltzmann constant set to one. Pareto law A famous outcome of Zipf law: Therefore we can say that motion is an expression of energy. Take, for example, a sugar cube and water in a cup. It will be observed that the entropy did, indeed, increase.

Entropy, on the other hand, is extensive.

Entropy and the Flow of Energy

Just as Carnot had realized — long before the three laws of thermodynamics were formulated — that energy is conserved the first law and that there is a temperature of absolute zero at which there is no energy in matter the third law , so it was clear to Boltzmann that matter is made of atoms and molecules — long before this was accepted by the entire scientific community.

This intuitive realization probably informed his statistical approach to entropy.

That is, the higher the energy of a photon, the higher its frequency. In the first place your uncertainty function has been used in statistical mechanics under that name, so it already has a name.

In the second place, and more important, no one really knows what entropy really is, so in a debate you will always have the advantage. But Shannon gave a different solution, namely: In equilibrium, each configuration has an equal probability. Thus we count the number of occurrences for each digit in all configurations. This is the distribution expected from the calculations in Appendix B-3 for the more general case Planck-Benford , as applied to our case. We therefore conclude that: Mathematical operations have a physical significance.

In the next chapter we shall see that this distribution, when expanded from decimal coding to any other numerical coding as we have just seen in the case of three balls and three boxes , can explain many phenomena commonly present in human existence and culture, such as social networks, distribution of wealth Pareto's principle , or the results of surveys and polls.

For example, in a social network, a person is analogous to a node, and the number of people he or she has direct access to is analogous to the links.

Entropy - God's Dice Game

In an airline network, a node is an airport and the links are the direct-fight destinations. As we shall see below, a node may also be an internet site, or even a given book. In these cases, the surfers or readers are the links.

Many other distributions follow this same equation. This distribution, when plotted on a log-log scale, gives a straight line with a slope of -1 as can be seen on the left hand side of Figure 7. Therefore, this is called a power law distribution. What he found was that in sufficiently large texts, the most common word appears twice as often as the second most common word, the second most common word appears twice as often as the fourth most common word, and so on. The Zipf distribution also gives a straight line of -1 slope on a logarithmic scale.