Sex and Manifest Destiny: The Urge That Drove Americans Westward

Paperback , pages. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Sex and Manifest Destiny , please sign up. Be the first to ask a question about Sex and Manifest Destiny. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Jun 01, Kent rated it did not like it Shelves: I don't disagree with Naparsteck's argument that sex played a role in westward expansion.

It is true that some men and women moved westward to escape the traditional confinement of heterosexual, monogamous marriage and that religious societies often found for a time space in the West to establish communities with sexual and marital rules different from mainstream American culture. However, Naparsteck attempts to go farther to claim that "the sex drive helped make the West American. This proof is most often not there, nor is there any suggestion in the sources he uses that sex was "hidden under the surface. Yet, Naparsteck writes that these captivity narratives are "authentic" and the true feelings of white women, even though they often are transcribed by male ministers.

This is just one of the many problems with the book. These stereotypes have also been perpetuated by our textbooks which tell us that Indians massacred good, strong, Protestant pioneers moving across land that was theirs for the taking. But similar to the stereotypes put forth by Hollywood, there are few facts to back this up. Indeed, during the 17 years of the largest westward movement - - of more than , pioneers crossing the Great Plains, less than - or less than 0.

Loewen, Teaching What Really Happened , These stereotypes and inaccuracies - some historians call them outright lies - are key to our story about Manifest Destiny. Over the next two days, we will continue to address and deconstruct these stereotypes and lies. To study the attitudes and actions of European colonists that helped shape the philosophical foundations of American Indian policy. In order to understand how American Indians were treated during the era of Manifest Destiny, we need to step back in time a bit - back into the colonial era. It was during the first years of American history that the foundations for American Indian policies were laid.

During most of the colonial era, the British Crown dealt with the Indian tribes as foreign sovereign nations. How have we defined sovereignty in other discussions?

Sex and Manifest Destiny – McFarland

While the colonists recognized the political sovereignty of Indian nations, their relations with the Indians were guided by two attitudes that encouraged them to ignore the reality of Indian sovereignty. Thereafter, the colonial governor set the policy for dealing with American Indians with this pronouncement: The colonists had tried to convince the Indians to barter for land.

But when the Indians refused, and finally resisted, they violated all natural laws and thereafter, possessed no rights which the English must respect - not even the right to life. Accordingly the colonists set about eliminating the natives from the entire Tidewater area. By January , the Virginia Council of State proudly reported that more Indians had been killed in the previous year since the beginning of the colony. By the middle of the s, the British Crown gradually reinterpreted the nature of tribal sovereignty.

As individual colonists continually encroached upon Indian lands, the British Crown assumed a protectorate position - arguing that the King must protect the tribes against colonial excesses and injustice. Thus, in , the British government assumed direct responsibility for Indian affairs.

By the end of the colonial era, then, intolerance and Christian superiority guided colonial attitudes. In turn, the King adopted a protectionist attitude toward the American Indians. As we shall see, these attitudes helped to shape the Indian policies of the newly-created United States government. To examine relevant federal policies through the end of the nineteenth century.

After the colonists won independence from England, the newly-created United States government immediately claimed ownership of all Indian lands west of the Appalachians - land that had been designated as Indian Country shown in red on the map by the King's Proclamation Line of Americans justified taking this land because the Indians who had fought with the French during the French and Indian War had lost the war, and subsequently, also lost their land.

• The Astaires: Fred & Adele.
• Caught Inside: a surfing passage!
• 2 editions of this work.
• Freely available.
• Sex and Manifest Destiny: The Urge That Drove Americans Westward.
• Sex and Manifest Destiny: The Urge That Drove Americans Westward - Martin Naparsteck - Google Книги.

Within seven years after the end of the Revolutionary War, the new American government created three distinct policies that determined how the Americans would deal with Indians in what had since been known as Indian Country: Constitution, and the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act of In , the Indian Intercourse Act was amended. In this act, Congress created Indian Territory in the west that included the land area in all of present-day Kansas, most of Oklahoma, and parts of what later became Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming. The area was set aside for Indians who were to be removed from their ancestral lands which, in turn, would be settled by non-Indians.

The area steadily decreased in size as the maps below of , , , and indicate. Thus, the legal and geographical nature of Indian Country changed dramatically in the Nineteenth Century. As the maps above indicate, Indian people saw their lands greatly diminished between and From the very beginning of the US government, Indian policies have been contradictory - in writing, most aimed to act in good faith toward the Indians, but in practice, these policies endorsed actions most beneficial to the non-Indian population.

Indeed, because Indian nations were legally recognized as sovereign, the federal government immediately faced what soon became known to non-Indians as the "Indian problem" - while European Americans wanted to move westward and conquer all the land to the Pacific Ocean, it was clear that the hundreds of sovereign Indian nations were not going to willingly or voluntarily give up their land.

Consequently, the United States government took two steps:. Treaties are legal, government-to-government agreements between two legitimate governments - in this case, the United States and an Indian nation. When an Indian nation signed a treaty, it agreed to give the federal government some or all of its land as well as some or all of its sovereign powers. In return, the federal government entered into a trust responsibility with the Indian Nation in which the federal government promised that in exchange for their land, it would:.

Find a copy in the library

Treaties were not the only legal entities that defined the federal relationship with Indian Nations. As early as , the US Supreme Court also assumed that role. In what is known as the Marshall Trilogy, the Supreme Court established the doctrinal basis for interpreting federal Indian law and defining tribal sovereignty.

Thus, beginning with Johnson v. McIntosh , the Supreme Court produced two competing theories of tribal sovereignty:.

Over the years, the Court has relied on one or the other of these theories in deciding tribal sovereignty cases. Whichever theory the Court favored in a given case largely determined the powers the tribe had and what protections they received against federal and state government encroachment. The Marshall Trilogy cases bolstered the federal land-taking powers of the treaties that were ratified by the U.

Indians during the era of Manifest Destiny were relegated to a kind of limited sovereignty that was to be governed by paternalistic trust and subject to the interpretation of the US government and its courts.

Sex and manifest destiny : the urge that drove Americans westward

You may send this item to up to five recipients. The name field is required. Please enter your name. The E-mail message field is required.

• Geography - Manifest Destiny.
• How you can learn astrology | How to learn Astrology | Learn About Astrology | The Horoscope?
• Sex and Manifest Destiny.
• !
• .

Please enter the message. Please verify that you are not a robot. Would you also like to submit a review for this item? You already recently rated this item. Your rating has been recorded.

Refine your editions:

Write a review Rate this item: Preview this item Preview this item. Sex and manifest destiny: M J Naparsteck Publisher: English View all editions and formats Summary: But the role that sex played has largely been unexplored by scholars"--Provided by publisher. Allow this favorite library to be seen by others Keep this favorite library private. Find a copy in the library Finding libraries that hold this item Electronic books History Additional Physical Format: Martin John , Sex and manifest destiny.

Document, Internet resource Document Type: M J Naparsteck Find more information about: