The Last Great Train

Railway regulations required the engineer to test the brakes at the top of the pass by bringing the southbound train to a near stop just north of the tunnel. The brothers studied the site, and established a hideout a couple of miles from the tunnel. They also stole explosives from a construction site in northern Oregon. On the day of the crime, Roy and Hugh jumped on the train. Ray waited at the other end of the tunnel with the dynamite.

After scrambling up on the baggage car, the two brothers climbed over the tender and jumped down into the engine cab. Hugh ordered engineer Sidney Bates to stop the train near the south end of the tunnel. The twins packed the dynamite against one end of the mail car containing the mail clerk. The blast ripped open the entire end of the car, killing the clerk and setting fire to the railroad car. The brothers couldn't see into the car because of the smoke and dust.

And they couldn't get the train moved out of the tunnel because of the mangled car. The second man to die was brakeman Coyle Johnson, who had walked through the thick smoke in the tunnel, startling the brothers. Ray, carrying a shotgun, and Hugh, armed with a. Perhaps angry over not finding any money or gold, perhaps afraid of leaving witnesses, the brothers then shot to death railroad fireman Marvin Seng and engineer Bates.

They fled into the woods, prompting a massive manhunt that included the federal government, Oregon National Guard troops, local posses and angry railroad workers. But the brothers laid low, then slipped through the dragnet. It wouldn't be until that Hugh was caught while serving in the Far East in the military.

An Army buddy recognized his face on a wanted poster and turned him in for the reward. The twins were arrested a short time later in Ohio. One of the prosecutors assigned to the trial held in the old Jackson County Courthouse, now the Jacksonville Museum, was Medford's George Roberts. He had served as Jackson County district attorney from through Although the brothers had botched the robbery and killed in cold blood, they were media celebrities by the time they were caught.

The trial in Jacksonville drew national attention. Concerned about potential harm to his family, Roberts sent his wife and their two daughters by train to visit the children's grandparents in Cincinnati. On 10 April a new friend recognised him from photos in a newspaper and informed police. They arrested him at Littlestone while he was at home. The rest was long gone.

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He was tried in June at Leicester Assizes and Mr Justice Nield sentenced him to 18 years' jail, considerably less than the 30 years given to other principal offenders. Buster Edwards — Edwards fled to Mexico with his family, to join Bruce Reynolds and later Charlie Wilson but returned voluntarily to England in , where he was sentenced to 15 years.

Charlie Wilson — Wilson took up residence outside Montreal, Quebec , Canada, on Rigaud Mountain in an upper-middle-class neighbourhood where the large, secluded properties are surrounded by trees. He lived under the name Ronald Alloway, a name borrowed from a Fulham shopkeeper. His wife and three children soon joined him. He joined an exclusive golf club and participated in the activities of the local community.

It was only when he invited his brother-in-law over from the UK for Christmas that Scotland Yard was able to track him down and recapture him. They waited three months before making their move, in the hope that Wilson would lead them to Reynolds, the last suspect still to be apprehended. Wilson was arrested on 25 January by Tommy Butler.

Many in Rigaud petitioned that his wife and three daughters be allowed to stay in the Montreal area. Bruce Reynolds — On 6 June , Reynolds arrived in Mexico, with his wife Angela and son Nick joining him a few months later, after they evaded the obvious police surveillance. A year later in July , Buster Edwards and his family arrived, although unlike the Reynolds they planned to return to England at some stage, and did not like Mexico. Charlie Wilson, on the run with his family still back in England visited them for 6 weeks, so three of the train robbers were together in exile for a time.

After the Edwards family returned to England, the Reynolds also decided to leave Mexico and go to Canada to potentially join up with the Wilson family, leaving on 6 December They had spent much of their share of the robbery by this point — living far more extravagantly than the Edwards had. After realizing the danger in settling near the Wilsons in Montreal, they went to live in Vancouver, and then went to Nice, France.

Reynolds did not want to go to Australia where Biggs was, and needing money decided to go back to England, settling briefly in Torquay before being captured by Tommy Butler. Ronnie Biggs — Biggs fled to Paris, where he acquired new identity papers and underwent plastic surgery. In , he moved to Adelaide, Australia , where he worked as a builder—he and his wife had a third son.

Tipped off that Interpol was showing interest, he moved to Melbourne working as a set-constructor for Channel 9 , later escaping to Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , after police had discovered his Melbourne address. Biggs could not be extradited because there was no extradition treaty between Britain and Brazil, and additionally he became father to a Brazilian son, which afforded him legal immunity.

As a result, he lived openly in Rio for many years, safe from the British authorities. In May , aged 71 and having suffered three strokes, Biggs voluntarily returned to England. Accepting that he could be arrested, his stated desire was to "walk into a Margate pub as an Englishman and buy a pint of bitter ". Following the deaths of Goody on 29 January , [66] and Tommy Wisbey on 30 December , [13] Bob Welch is the only remaining member of the gang known to still be alive.

In later years, the robbers generally came together only for the funerals of their fellow gang members. Wilson's funeral on 10 May was attended by Bruce Reynolds, who reported seeing Edwards, Roy James who got into a verbal argument with the press , Welch hobbling on crutches and White who went unnoticed most due to his ability to blend into the background. At Edwards' funeral in , Reynolds saw only Welch. Hussey, Wisbey and James were all in prison at the time.

At Reynolds' own funeral, only Welch and Biggs attended, both in wheelchairs. A statement was read on behalf of Gordon Goody. After being sentenced on 16 April , Field served four years of his five-year sentence. He was released in While he was in prison, his wife Karin divorced him and married a German journalist. She confirmed that she took Roy James to Thame railway station so he could go to London and that she led a convoy of two vans back to "Kabri", where the gang were joined by wives and girlfriends for a big party to celebrate the crime.

It seems that Field was ambushed upon his release from prison by a recently released convict, "Scotch Jack" Buggy , who presumably roughed up or even tortured Field with a view to extorting some of the loot from the robbery. Subsequently, Field went to ground and Buggy was killed shortly after. Reynolds gave up trying to find Field. Field changed his name to Brian Carlton to disappear.

Sometime after his release from prison he married Sian, from Wales. Field and his wife Sian were responsible for the company's operations in central and southern Europe, to where they shipped English language books and held book fairs at international English schools. Field, aged 44, and Sian, aged 28, died in a car crash on the M4 motorway on 27 April , a year after the last of the robbers had completed their sentences. The accident occurred as they returned from a visit to Sian's parents in Wales.

A Mercedes driven by the pregnant year-old daughter of well-known hairdresser Raymond Bessone Mr Teasy Weasy crossed a damaged section of the guard rail and slammed into Field's oncoming Porsche. The Fields, Teasy Weasy's daughter, her husband and two children were killed instantly. It was several weeks after the accident that Field's true identity was discovered. It is not clear whether his wife Sian ever knew of his past.

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The last of the robbers released, after serving about one-third of his sentence [70] Wilson returned to the life of crime and was found shot dead at his villa in Marbella , Spain, on 24 April His murder was thought to be related to suspected cheating in drug-dealing activity. Buster Edwards After he was released, he became a flower seller outside Waterloo station. Roy James James went back to motor racing following his release on 15 August However, he crashed several cars, his chances of becoming a driver quickly faded.

After the failure of his sporting career, he returned to his trade as a silversmith. He produced the trophy given to Formula One promoters each year thanks to his acquaintance with Bernie Ecclestone. James was acquitted in January for his part in the swindle. He was sentenced to six years in jail.

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In , James underwent triple-bypass surgery and was subsequently released from prison in , only to die almost immediately afterwards on 21 August after another heart attack. Roger Cordrey Cordrey was the first of the robbers released, but his share of the theft had almost entirely been recovered by the police. He went back to being a florist at his sister's business upon his release. He is now dead, and his son Tony has publicly acknowledged his dad confirmed that Bill Boal was innocent of any involvement in the robbery.

Bruce Reynolds Bruce Reynolds , the last of the robbers to be caught, was released from prison on 6 June after serving 10 years. Reynolds, then aged 47, was helped by Gordon Goody to get back on his feet, before Goody departed for Spain. Frank Monroe, one of the three robbers who was never caught, temporarily gave Reynolds a job, but did not want to attract undue attention by employing him for too long.

Reynolds later got back together with his wife Angela and son Nicholas. He was arrested in for drug-related offences Reynolds denied having any involvement. He was released again in March and dedicated himself to helping his wife recover from a mental breakdown. In , he and his son Nicholas travelled with reporters from The Sun newspaper to take Biggs back to Britain. He died in his sleep, aged 81, on 28 February He and his wife Barbara and their three children moved to Cornwall, where he worked as a street sweeper until the age of 70, known to the locals as Gentleman John or John the Gent.

Daly told no one about the robbery as he was told he could face a retrial. He died 6 weeks after his brother in law Reynolds. On 6 August , Biggs was granted release from prison on "compassionate grounds", due to a severe case of pneumonia and other ongoing health problems. Having suffered a series of strokes after his release, and unable to speak for the previous three years, Biggs died at the Carlton Court Care home, London on 18 December Tommy Wisbey and Big Jim Hussey Tommy Wisbey was luckier than most of the others, in that his loot had been entrusted to his brothers, and when he emerged, he had a house in South London and a few other investments to keep him going.

Unfortunately, during his prison stint, his daughter Lorraine had died in a car accident. He took a while to learn how to live harmoniously with his wife Rene his daughter Marilyn having moved out upon his return. Shortly after his release, Wisbey was imprisoned on remand over a swindle involving travellers' cheques. The judge acknowledged the minor nature of his role. Jim Hussey was released on 17 November and married girlfriend Gill whom he had met just before the robbery. Hussey's share of the loot had been entrusted to a friend of Frank Monroe who squandered it despite Monroe periodically checking on its keeper.

Wisbey and James Hussey fell back into crime and were jailed in for cocaine dealing, with Wisbey sentenced to ten years and Hussey to seven years. In her book Gangster's Moll , Marilyn Wisbey recounts that on 8 June , after returning home from a visit to an abortion clinic and lying down for a nap they were raided by the Drugs Squad. Her parents were staying with her and her son Jonathan while their tenants moved out of their house they had been away on a long trip to the USA. Wisbey himself was captured a year later in Wilmslow, Cheshire.

He was allegedly staying with another woman, to the shock of his wife and daughter. In return for Hussey and Wisbey pleading guilty, the two women were unconditionally freed. Being involved in the Great Train Robbery, our name was good. They knew we had never grassed anyone, we had done our time without putting anyone else in the frame". He was the last of those convicted in Aylesbury to be released. Welch moved back in with his wife June and his son.

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He threatened the man left in charge of his share of the theft to retrieve the remainder. A leg injury sustained in prison forced him to undergo several operations, which left him semi-crippled. Douglas Gordon Goody He was released from prison on 23 December , aged 46 years old and went to live with his ill mother in her small cottage in Putney.

Unlike the other robbers, he was exceptionally lucky in that the man he left in charge of his affairs was loyal and successful so he was able to live a relatively well-off life. He later moved to Mojacar , southern Spain, [88] where he bought property and a bar and settled down, believing it safer to be out of the United Kingdom. While there has been a lot of mystery surrounding several of the gang who were not imprisoned, in reality the police knew almost the entire gang almost instantly.

By 29 August Commander Hatherill had 14 names already, and told police that Brian Field had tried to enlist another gang to rob the train, who turned him down. Hatherill's list was unerringly accurate—all the major gang members who were later jailed were identified, except Ronnie Biggs.

With the exception of the minor accomplices Lennie Field, Bill Boal and the train driver, the list was complete, although of course the Ulsterman was not identified. In terms of the ones who got away, there were four others identified—Henry Smith, Dennis Pembroke, a fair haired man 25 years old—well spoken, not named and a Nondescript man not named but may be Jimmy Collins. Ronnie Biggs refers to him as Mr One, as do other accounts. According to Bruce Reynolds, 'Flossy had no previous convictions and stayed well out of contact with the group. A shadowy figure, nobody knew exactly where he lived—or even what his real name was.

All we knew that he was one hundred per cent, and was sure to last out the hullabaloo. The last report of him said that he was in a safe house, banged up with two gorgeous girls and enough champagne to sink a battleship' [90].

It is clear that while Reynolds claims to not have known his real name, that 'Flossy' was not just a participant in the Great Train Robbery, he was a core part of the gang who participated in the London Airport robbery. This robbery was the audacious raid that Gordon Goody and Charlie Wilson were acquitted of. In the end the only one caught after the airport raid was Mickey Ball, who pleaded guilty to being a getaway driver when a witness mistook him for Flossy, and to avoid being blamed for the actual violence he agreed to plead guilty as an accomplice, and was in prison during the Great Train Robbery.

It is alleged that Henry Thomas 'Harry' Smith Born 20 October was Flossy and unlike most other robbers, actually got to spend his share of the loot, buying 28 houses and also a hotel and drinking club in Portsmouth. Smith died in Alf Thomas is alleged to have been a South Coast Raider, [92] but is said by Piers Paul Read to have been introduced by Jimmy White, [93] which may have been true or a diversion by the robbers that told Read their story. The man is sometimes referred to as Mr Two or Mr Three, depending on the account. Ronnie Biggs refers to him as Mr Three and notes several times that he is the biggest of the gang, and the one who stormed the cab to subdue the driver.

He died aged 79 from a heart attack, at home and in his sleep on 28 February Pembroke had five children, and his son Danny Jnr, said his father had never spoken about the Great Train Robbery. Samples of his pubic hair were taken to compare with those found in sleeping bags at Leatherslade Farm, but there was no match. The Flying Squad could therefore never prove that Danny Pembroke was one of the robbers as no forensic evidence linked him to the crime scene or the farm.

According to Bruce Reynolds, Monroe, who was never caught, worked as a film stunt man for a while before starting a paper and scrap metal recycling business. The replacement train driver was never caught, and never suspected of even existing by police, due to the fact that Jack Mills in the end had to drive the train. The driver, of course, was not a member of the gang as defined by receiving an equal share , just an accomplice. Piers Paul Read called the replacement train driver 'Stan Agate', and Stan was apparently the true nickname of the replacement driver.

Read, concerned that the robbers may have hurt him, went to see Ronnie Biggs in Brazil to get his details, although was dismayed to find that Biggs did not know his last name and knew and cared very little about him. With the meagre details provided, Read used a detective agency to track down the driver at a town 20 miles south of London, and found that he was still alive, although somewhat senile and being cared for by his wife. The wife admitted that she had burnt all the clothes that he had worn that night, and had nervously waited for either the gang to murder him or the police to arrest him.

Read promised not to reveal their identities. Ronnie Biggs, in his autobiography, Odd Man Out , said that Bruce Reynolds offered him a chance to join the gang, if he could find a train driver. Biggs was renewing the front windows of a train driver's house in Redhill, who he calls 'Peter' and who he believes to be dead by It seems that while he was an older man, he still had to apply for two weeks leave of absence from his job. It is alleged in The Sun that the replacement train driver was Peter Stevens. John Wheater was released from prison on 11 February and managed his family's laundry business in Harrogate.

He died in July Lenny Field was released in and went to live in North London. He disappeared from the public eye. Mary took care of wives and children of some of the robbers while they were on the run or in jail. Mills had constant trauma headaches for the rest of his life. He died in from leukaemia. Mills' assailant was one of three members of the gang, who was never identified by the others. However, in November , Hussey made a death-bed confession that it was he, [] although there were suspicions that this was repayment of a debt, to divert attention from the real perpetrator.

Frank Williams at the time a Detective Inspector claims that at least three men who were directly involved are still at liberty and enjoying their full share of the money stolen and the profits from the way they invested it. One of them is the man responsible for the attack on the train driver. The train driver's assailant is not some phantom figure lurking in the criminal underworld.

Williams traced him, identified him and took him to Scotland Yard where, with Tommy Butler, Williams questioned him. None of those arrested informed on him although he had completely disobeyed instructions and used violence during the robbery. David Whitby 24 January - 6 January [] was also from Crewe.

He was traumatised by his track-side assault and subsequent rough treatment and never recovered from his ordeal. He was able to resume his career as a secondman , but died from a heart attack on 6 January at the age of 34 in Crewe, Cheshire. He was considered so at the time because he knew Cordery and moreover, was found in Cordery's car where a large stash of the stolen money was hidden. He died in jail of cancer. Both gang members stated that they believed Boal was "stitched up" by the police. The audacity and scale of the robbery was yet another controversy with which the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan had to cope.

Macmillan resigned in October , claiming poor health—he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and believed he did not have long to live, but the diagnosis turned out to be incorrect. After his success in securing White and Edwards, Tommy Butler got the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir Joseph Simpson, to suspend his retirement on his 55th birthday so he could continue to hunt the robbers. This paid off with the arrests of first Wilson, then Reynolds. When asked by a reporter after the sentencing of Reynolds whether that was the end of it, Butler replied that it was not over until Biggs was caught.

In he was finally forced to accept compulsory retirement, and later died in , aged 57 years. That same day, Biggs' memoirs were published in The Sun newspaper. Butler's deputy, Frank Williams, was passed over to be his replacement as head of the Flying Squad because of his deal with Edwards which he thought would seal his promotion and his deal with another of the robbers who was never caught. Following this, he left the force to become head of security for Qantas.

He wrote his autobiography No Fixed Address , which was published in He became so involved in the case that he continued to hunt many of the escaped robbers after he retired. He believed Biggs should not be released after returning to the UK in and he often appeared in the media to comment on any news item connected with the robbery before his death on 24 August at the age of He retired on the last day of the trial after the verdicts were handed down at the then compulsory retirement age of In the book he expressed some frustration with the Flying Squad although he mostly had praise for individual officers.

He continued to express disgust at any film that he felt glamourised the robbers. It has been said that he bore a striking resemblance to John Thaw , who was the star of Inspector Morse , which, perhaps coincidentally, was a television series about a detective in the Thames Valley Police Force the modern-day successor to Buckinghamshire Constabulary.

Fewtrell was assisted and later succeeded in the investigation by John Woolley, who served in the Buckinghamshire Constabulary from to George Hatherill — had his service extended by one year because of the need to complete the investigation of the Great Train Robbery. He visited Canada and the USA as a lecturer on police matters. He died on 17 June at the age of Gerald MacArthur died aged 70 years on 21 July He was famous for breaking up the Richardson Gang at a time when a significant number of London-based detectives were known to be corrupt.

One of the Post Office carriages that was part of the remaining train not involved in the actual robbery is preserved at the Nene Valley Railway at Peterborough , Cambridgeshire, and is being restored. The actual carriage that was robbed [MM] was retained for 7 years following the robbery, and then taken to Norfolk and burned in the presence of Police and Post Office representatives at a scrapyard near Norwich in Locomotive English Electric Type 4 — D later was involved in a number of serious operating incidents.

The locomotive was scrapped at Doncaster Railway workshops in The scene of the crime was for some years called "Train Robbers' bridge" on a Network Rail maintenance sign. This led to an outcry advocating restoration of the original name of Bridego Bridge, but in late it was renamed again, as Mentmore Bridge. A diorama of the scene has been built by a local club and is currently on display near Aberdeen , at the Grampian Transport Museum for the summer of A quantity of Irish and Scottish money was also stolen. With a few notable exceptions, the money was quickly laundered or divided by friends, family and associates of the robbers.

Much was laundered through bookmakers Wilson and Wisbey were themselves bookmakers although, astonishingly, only a few hundred pounds were identifiable by serial number so the robbers could have spent the money without fear of being traced. The final changeover had not been completed by the time of the robbery. The white notes quickly became far more conspicuous to use, making it harder for them to be spent.

Although within six months of the robbery ten of the robbers had been locked up awaiting trial and three others were wanted criminals on the run, very little of the money had actually been recovered. This has caused speculation that there is a great deal of robbery loot still out there.

In fact, the money was soon seized and spent by predatory gangsters and greedy associates, relatives and lawyers. So the proceeds of the greatest cash robbery in British history were quickly used up, with few of the robbers receiving any real long-term benefit. This money was allegedly part of a deal struck with Frank Williams by "Alf Thomas".

Piers Paul Read, in The Train Robbers , claimed that the police were feeling the pressure because although they had caught many of the robbers, they had failed to recover much of the money. While no evidence had been found against "Thomas", who only had a reputation as a minor thief, some of the identifiable bank notes had been traced back to him through friends who had been charged with receiving. Given that the police had no evidence against "Thomas", either at Leatherslade Farm or connection with either of the two gangs, Butler was prepared to let him go.

On 3 December , which happened to be the same day that Roy James was taken into custody, the police received an anonymous tip directing them to the money in the phone box. The money was driven up to Aylesbury and taken into custody by Detective Superintendent Fewtrell , who wondered how his London colleagues could know how much money there was.

He had to bring in bank clerks to count the damp and musty money to determine the final sum. Williams made no admission to the recovery of the money being the result of a deal with "Thomas". Despite claiming that his negotiations were responsible for the return of this money, Williams in his book No Fixed Address claimed not to know the identity of the person who had returned the money, although he did mention several robbers to whom he had offered deals through intermediaries. He noted that it seemed to him that Butler was sceptical of his efforts and that at the press conference Hatherill and Millen did not reveal the circumstances behind the find and that he was never asked to talk with them about it.

Despite "Alf Thomas" being the man identified as the assailant of the train driver, Jack Mills, by Bruce Reynolds albeit indirectly , Williams only makes mention of the assailant once in his book. In this section often quoted by other sources , he confirms that, with Tommy Butler, he questioned the man they knew to be the assailant but that they had no evidence to convict him.

Great Train Robbery () - Wikipedia

Strangely, however, he makes no further mention of him. This lends credence to the claim that a deal was done with "Alf Thomas" which later caused outrage in the police hierarchy. For his part, George Hatherill, in his book A Detective's Tale , stated that the motive behind the return of the money was not known for certain. He said that the money was returned by "one about whom extensive inquiries had been made and who in fact was interrogated at length.

But in spite of our strong suspicions, nothing could be proved against him and so no charge could be brought. My belief is that he thought we knew more about him than we did, and thinking things were getting hot, he decided to get rid of the money to avoid being found in possession with it".

He retired on the last day of the trial at Aylesbury. The robbers who spent much time on the run overseas—Reynolds, Wilson and Edwards—had very little left when finally arrested, having had to spend money avoiding capture and indulging in lavish lifestyles without finding employment. Much of Jimmy White's money was taken from him. According to Marilyn Wisbey, her father's share was hidden by his father Tommy Wisbey Senior in the panels in the doors of his home.

Butler raided them three times but he never found the train money. The majority of the money was reputedly entrusted to Wisbey's father and also to his younger brother Ron, who coincidentally had saved some money of his own that was confiscated by the police. It was returned to Ron three months later. By the time Wisbey was released from jail all of his share had either been spent or invested. Although the Wisbey share was one that was not taken by other criminals, Marilyn Wisbey is still bitter that her relatives got to spend a fair amount of the loot while the overall sum dwindled away.

However, her grandfather used some of the money to buy them a house in Upper Norwood. Up to six of the robbers escaped punishment in one way or another—the " Ulsterman ", three robbers who were never caught, John Daly who had his charges dismissed at the trial and Ronnie Biggs who escaped from jail and managed to avoid being taken back to the UK. John Daly had entrusted his money to another crook.

This man had betrayed him to the police and had absconded with the money. He died before Daly could catch up with him. Both said that they had no money left. The rest had gone on legal fees and expenses. These books were written in the immediate aftermath of the trial and before the capture of several of the gang. Books written by senior police in the early s, after their retirement, chiefly present accounts of the investigation, capture, trial and recapture of the robbers.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the actual robbery.

For other uses including films, see The Great Train Robbery. Mentmore Bridge previously known as Bridego Bridge and then Train Robbers' bridge , [1] scene of the robbery. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. August Learn how and when to remove this template message. This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Great Train Robbery (1963)

Retrieved 28 April The Great Train Robbery". Archived from the original on 1 July Retrieved 25 July Autobiography of a Thief. Retrieved 17 March Retrieved 12 March Retrieved 27 August Crime of the Century: Retrieved 20 December Retrieved 28 September Great Train Robber who made a disputed confession on his deathbed".