Stones Worked

Platoon was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War , in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. His latest film is Snowden Many of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases.

His parents were divorced abruptly while he was away at school and this, because he was an only child, marked him deeply. Stone's mother was often absent and his father made a big impact on his life; father-son relationships were to feature heavily in Stone's films perhaps because of this. He speaks French fluently. Stone was admitted into Yale University , but left in June at age 18 [12] [19] to teach high school students English for six months in Saigon at the Free Pacific Institute in South Vietnam.

Oliver Stone

He worked as a taxi driver, film production assistant, messenger, and salesman before making his mark in film as a screenwriter in the late s, in the period between his first two films as a director: In , Stone was awarded his first Oscar, after adapting true-life prison story Midnight Express into a hit film of the same name for British director Alan Parker the two would later collaborate on a movie of stage musical Evita. Stone's screenplay for Midnight Express was widely criticized by for its inaccuracies in portraying the events described in the book and vilifying the Turkish people.

The original author, Billy Hayes , around whom the film is set, spoke out against the film, protesting that he had many Turkish friends while in jail. Stone wrote further features, including Brian De Palma 's drug lord epic Scarface , loosely inspired by his own addiction to cocaine , which he successfully kicked while working on the screenplay. Like his contemporary Michael Mann, Stone is unusual in having written or co-written most of the films he has directed. In , Stone directed two films back to back: Platoon brought Stone's name to a much wider audience.

It also finally kickstarted a busy directing career, which saw him making nine films over the next decade. Alongside some negative reaction, Platoon won many rave reviews Roger Ebert later called it the ninth best film of the s , large audiences, and Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director. British TV channel Channel 4 voted Platoon as the sixth greatest war film ever made. Platoon was the first of three films Stone has made about the Vietnam War: The Doors , released in , received criticism from former Doors keyboardist Ray Manzarek during a question and answer session at Indiana University East in During the discussion, Manzarek stated that he sat down with Stone about The Doors and Jim Morrison for over 12 hours.

Patricia Kennealy-Morrison —a well known rock critic and author—was a consultant on the movie, in which she also has a cameo appearance, but she writes in her memoir Strange Days: My Life With and Without Jim Morrison Dutton, that Stone ignored everything she told him and proceeded with his own version of events. From the moment the movie was released, she blasted it as untruthful and inaccurate. During this same period, Stone directed one of his most ambitious, controversial and successful films to date: JFK , that depicts the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, The Assassination Records Review Board created by Congress to lessen, but not end the secrecy surrounding Kennedy's assassination discussed the film, including Stone's observation at the end of the film, about the dangers inherent in government secrecy.

I make my films like you're going to die if you miss the next minute. You better not go get popcorn. Originally based on a screenplay by Quentin Tarantino , critics recognized its portrayal of violence and the intended satire on the media. After a period from to , where he released a new film at least every 1—2 years, Stone slowed down in the s, though still finding some success.

In , Stone directed the critically savaged Alexander. He later radically re-edited his biographical film of Alexander the Great into a two-part, 3-hour minute film Alexander Revisited: The Final Cut , which became one of the highest-selling catalog items from Warner Bros. In , Stone was intended to direct his fourth Vietnam War film Pinkville , about a Pentagon investigation into the My Lai massacre of Vietnamese civilians. The film was to have been made for United Artists , [35] but the company officially cancelled the production start due to the — Writers Guild of America strike.

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Shortly after the strike, Stone went on to write and direct the George W. In , Stone announced that his Martin Luther King project, which he had worked on for three years, was aborted by the producing studios, Warner Bros and DreamWorks, following the objection of King's estate to his screenplay, which deals with King's adultery. Later Stone commented in a BBC interview: In , he was presented with an honorific award at the Sitges Film Festival.

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Snowden finished filming in May and was released on September 16, On May 22, , various industry papers reported that Stone was going to direct a television series about the Guantanamo detention camp. Harvey Weinstein 's production company is financing the series. Stone is reported to be scheduled to direct every episode of the first season.

However, Stone announced he would quit the series after sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Weinstein in October Stone made three documentaries on Fidel Castro: Comandante , Looking for Fidel , and Castro in Winter In , Stone completed a feature-length documentary, South of the Border about the rise of populist governments in Latin America, featuring seven presidents: The documentary was also released in several cities in the United States and Europe in the mid In , the documentary miniseries Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States premiered on Showtime , Stone co-wrote, directed, produced, and narrated the series, having worked on it since with co-writers American University historian Peter J.

Kuznick and British screenwriter Matt Graham.

Certainly in documentary form, and perhaps in fiction, feature form. Moynihan accused the book of " moral equivalence " and said nothing within the book was "untold" previously. It's been thoroughly vetted Stone was interviewed in Boris Malagurski 's documentary film The Weight of Chains 2 , which deals with neoliberal reforms in the Balkans. Foreign Policy called the documentary "beyond redemption, a work of cinematic malpractice that marks him as a ' useful idiot '".

Two years later in , Stone released Ukraine on Fire. In the documentary, Stone argued that Russia was justified in invading Crimea. Newsweek stated that "The less said about that orgy of alternative facts , the better". Stone's series of interviews with Russian president Vladimir Putin over the span of two years was released as The Putin Interviews , a four-night television event on Showtime on June 12, Stone also appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert in a controversial interview about the film.

In a cameo, Stone appears on a television in the show discussing how the theories in his film JFK had been proven correct the series took place in a hypothetical future, That same year, he also spoofed himself in the comedy hit Dave , espousing an accurate conspiracy theory about the film President's replacement by a near-identical double. Martin's Press , a semiautobiographical novel first written in — Stone has been married three times, first to Najwa Sarkis on May 22, They divorced in He then married Elizabeth Burkit Cox, an assistant in film production, on June 7, Sean appeared in some of his father's films while a child.

factfish Ornamental glass beads, pearls, stones, worked items, export value for Malawi

The American Schools of Oriental Research Ancient Building Technology, Vol 1: Technology and Change in History. THis also attests the alternative spellings Ashler and Ashelere. Aegean Art and Architecture. Oxford History of Art. Masonic Lodge of Education. Retrieved 15 March Angle grinder Bush hammer Ceramic tile cutter Chisel Diamond blade Lewis lifting appliance Non-explosive demolition agents Plug and feather Stonemason's hammer Straightedge. Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. This page was last edited on 31 October , at Tin and iron oxides are often used to give the stone a highly reflective exterior.

Sculptures can be carved via either the direct or the indirect carving method. Indirect carving is a way of carving by using an accurate clay, wax or plaster model, which is then copied with the use of a compass or proportional dividers [1] or a pointing machine. The direct carving method is a way of carving in a more intuitive way, without first making an elaborate model. Sometimes a sketch on paper or a rough clay draft is made. Stone has been used for carving since ancient times for many reasons. Most types of stone are easier to find than metal ores, which have to be mined and smelted.

Stone can be dug from the surface and carved with hand tools. Stone is more durable than wood, and carvings in stone last much longer than wooden artifacts. Stone comes in many varieties and artists have abundant choices in color, quality and relative hardness. Soft stone such as chalk , soapstone , pumice and Tufa can be easily carved with found items such as harder stone or in the case of chalk even the fingernail. Limestones and marbles can be worked using abrasives and simple iron tools.

Granite , basalt and some metamorphic stone is difficult to carve even with iron or steel tools; usually tungsten carbide tipped tools are used, although abrasives still work well. Modern techniques often use abrasives attached to machine tools to cut the stone. Precious and semi-precious gemstones are also carved into delicate shapes for jewellery or larger items, and polished; this is sometimes referred to as lapidary , although strictly speaking lapidary refers to cutting and polishing alone. When worked, some stones release dust that can damage lungs silica crystals are usually to blame , so a respirator is sometimes needed.

More advanced processes, such as laser cutting and jet torches , use sudden high temperature with a combination of cooling water to spall flakes of stone. Other modern processes may involve diamond-wire machines or other large scale production equipment to remove large sections of undesired stone. There are many types and styles of stone carving tools, each carver will decide for themselves which tools to use. Traditionalists might use hand tools only. Powered pneumatic hammers make the hard work easier.

Progress on shaping stone is faster with pneumatic carving tools. Air hammers such as Cuturi place many thousands of impacts per minute upon the end of the tool, which would usually be manufactured or modified to suit the purpose. This type of tool creates the ability to 'shave' the stone, providing a smooth and consistent stroke, allowing for larger surfaces to be worked. Using plug and feathers to split a block of marble from the quarry.

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Carved sculpture, ancient work, from Chichen Itza , Mexico. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Not to be confused with petroglyph or sculpture. Carved flower on stone, ancient work, Archaeological museum of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Game drive system Buffalo jump. Check dam Cistern Flush toilet Reservoir Water well.