Methodik der Traumdeutung: mit Symbollexikon (German Edition)

Kuttner Gutenberg text Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido: University press, , by W. Seltzer, , by H. Long page images at HathiTrust Problems in dynamic psychology; a critique of psychoanalysis and suggested formulations. New York, Macmillan, , by John T. White page images at HathiTrust The neurotic constitution; outlines of a comparative individualistic psychology and psychotherapy, New York: Harcourt Brace, , by A.

Bretano's, [c] , by Isador H. Moffat, Yard and company, , by Alfred Adler page images at HathiTrust Dreams and myths; a study in race psychology. Badger ; distributed by W. Leonard, c , by W. Robie page images at HathiTrust Sex in psycho-analysis: Saunders, , by A. Saunders Company, , by A. Brill page images at HathiTrust; US access only Psychanalysis, its theories and practical application. Philadelphia, Saunders, , by A. Seltzer, , by D. Lawrence page images at HathiTrust The hidden self and its mental processes Moffat, Yard, , by Sigmund Freud and A.

Mrs Evans page images at HathiTrust Psychanalysis: Boston, , by Margaret J. Hamilton page images at HathiTrust The psychoanalytic review. Jelliffe, cc page images at HathiTrust August Strindberg; a psychoanalytic study with special reference to the Oedipus complex, Boston, R.

Psychology and the development of character, New York, I. Mosby, , by Edward J. Little, Brown, , by William A. White page images at HathiTrust The psychology and pathology of personality; a summary of test problems and bibliography of general literature [Whittier, Calif. Brill page images at HathiTrust Diagnostische Assoziationsstudien: Barth, , by C.

Dodd, Mead and Co. Institute of Psycho-Analysis [etc. Macmillan, , by Sigmund Freud and A. Brill page images at HathiTrust Delusion and dream: Nendeln, Liechtenstein, Kraus Reprint, , by C. Appeal to Reason, c , by William J. Outlines of a comparative individualistic psychology and psychotherapy. New York, Moffat, Yard and Co. Dodd, Mead, [] , by A. Tansley page images at HathiTrust; US access only Psycho-analysis in the service of education, being an introduction to psycho-analysis, London, H.

Hogarth Press, [] , by J. Jarrolds, [] , by H. Crichton Miller page images at HathiTrust; US access only Dreams and the unconscious, an introduction to the study of psycho-analysis, N. Birdwood page images at HathiTrust What is psychoanalysis? Wien, Internationaler Psychoanalytisher Verlag. Paul, Trench, Trubner and company, ltd. University of Chicago Press, [] , by Harold D. Franz Deuticke, , by Sigmund Freud and C. Permabooks, , c , by Martin W. Peck page images at HathiTrust The creative unconscious; studies in the psychoanalysis of art.

• Jungian psychology.
• Cette nuit où tout a changé - Une surprise pour le Dr Vasquez (Blanche) (French Edition).
• .
• .
• Plymouth P1 Powerboat Racing 2012 A Photographic Glimpse (Events To Attend).
• Browse subject: Jungian psychology | The Online Books Page.
• .

Boni, , by D. Louise Eckburg, Arcangelo R. Deuticke, , by J. Scheflen page images at HathiTrust The patient speaks: Menninger page images at HathiTrust Totem und Tabu. Cohn and Institute for Psychoanalysis page images at HathiTrust; US access only The revival of interest in the dreami a critical study of post-Freudian psychoanalytic contributions. Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Ges. Jung and Constance Ellen Long page images at HathiTrust Theodore Schroeder's use of the psychologic approach to problems of religion, law, criminology, sociology and philosophy; a bibliography, Cos Cob, Conn.

Reinhardt, , by L. Paul, Trench, Trubner ; New York: Dutton, , by Paul Bousfield page images at HathiTrust; US access only Psychoanalysis of the "reformer"; a further contribution to the sexual theory. Paris, Perrin, , by Ch. Leipzig, Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag.

Liveright, [c] , by Sigmund Freud page images at HathiTrust Psychische bedingtheit und psychoanalytische behandlung organischer Leiden, Leipzig, S. Reinhardt, , by Carl Furtmuller, ed. Fielding page images at HathiTrust Mysticism in modern psychology; some critical remarks about magical trends in "psychoanalysis" and "psychodiagnostics," New York, Psycho-sociological [!

Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, , by Otto Rank page images at HathiTrust; US access only Psychological stress; psychoanalytic and behavioral studies of surgical patients. Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, , by Sigmund Freud page images at HathiTrust; US access only The concept of early maternal environment in direct psychoanalysis. Rosen page images at HathiTrust Psychology of the unconscious: Jung and Beatrice M. Hermann Rorschach ; mit dem zugehhorigen test bestehend aus zehn teils farbigen tafeln -- Bern und Leipzig: National Institute of Mental Health ; Washington: New York, Philosophical Library, [] , by B.

Bohdan Wassell page images at HathiTrust Observations on direct analysis; the therapeutic technique of Dr. Internationaler psychoanalytisher Verlag, ges. The antecedent was either clefted or not, or left-dislocated or not; in addition, the antecedent was either the subject or object of the preceding sentence.

In a reading study on clefting, we replicated the retrieval advantage previously found in Vasishth et al a, b. Our results reveal a recency effect such that the pronoun preferentially resolves to the last mentioned noun phrase. We did not find any effect of clefting at the pronoun, which occurred in the following sentence, suggesting that the advantage due to clefting is short-lived intrasentential. To further explore the extent of this retrieval advantage, we conducted two visual world studies.

In contrast to the reading study, we found a significant preference to resolve the ambiguous pronoun to the first noun in the preceding sentence. In addition, we found an effect on the pronoun in the following sentence a long-lived advantage. In sum, we present evidence that syntactic information-structure markers may cause a long- lived facilitation in processing. We discuss the implications for theories of how syntactically prominent elements are stored in working memory. Gisbert Fanselow and Stavros Skopeteas Focus in Verb-final Languages Verb-final languages are known to have a general preference for placing the focused constituent to a position that is immediately adjacent to the verb.

Beyond this general tendency, individual V-final languages allow for additional options: Turkish allows for focus in situ, Georgian displays an option of postverbal focus, and Armenian allows for all these possibilities. Our talk presents evidence that the array of focus realizations depends on configurational properties of the languages at issue that are independent from information structure. Focus projection and prosodic prominence in nested foci. A study of phrase structure. Some theories of the interpretation of accent placement.

Givenness, Avoid F and other constraints on the placement of accent. Natural Language Semantics, 7 2: The relation between sound and structure. The prosodic structure of function words. Bootstrapping from speech to grammar in early acquisition. A theory of focus interpretation. Natural Language Semantics, 1 1: The role of clefting, word order and given- new ordering in sentence comprehension: Journal of South Asian Linguistics submitted. Reactivation effects in sentence comprehension: It appears to be a distinctive feature of the ways symbolic and emotional practices interact in human communication that these practices apply not just to real phenomena, but also to imaginary constructions.

The cluster investigates throughout its research areas the forms and functions of configurations of emotion, symbolic practices, and imaginary fictive phenomena, especially in the realms of language and the arts. The most widely discussed models of emotion in more recent psychology and neuroscience tend to disregard the role of language as well as of other cultural sign systems.

Conversely, the current language models in modern linguistics say little or nothing about emotional processes. The cluster aims to reverse this trend. Lorna Schlochtermeier, Lars Kuchinke and Arthur Jacobs Processing Emotional Pictures and Words Neuroscientific investigations regarding aspects of emotional experiences mainly focus on one stimulus modality. Hence, relatively little is known about the distinct contributions of different modalities of emotional stimuli, and the thus resulting similarities and differences in emotional processing.

The comparison of verbal and pictorial emotional stimuli often reveals a processing advantage of emotional pictures in terms of larger or more pronounced emotion effects evoked by pictorial stimuli. Kensinger and Schacter showed in their fMRI study that, while emotional arousal elicited comparable effects in both modalities, emotional valence is associated with greater activations in extra-striatal and prefrontal regions when processing emotional pictures.

In the present studies we examined whether this picture advantage might at least partially be referred to differences in complexity between pictures and words or whether it refers to more general processing differences across the modalities. Therefore, we developed a new stimulus database comprising valence and arousal ratings for more than concrete objects representable in four different modalities including different levels of visual complexity: Using EEG and fMRI we studied the dynamic aspects and their associated neural basis when processing these emotional stimuli in a valence judgment task while the stimulus material was controlled for differences in emotional arousal.

The results reveal sustained emotional processing for words compared to pictograms in later processing stages, and an independency of stimulus complexity for prefrontal and limbic activations. It rather points to specific advantages in lexico-semantic processing in the respective modalities. Kotz, Tim Raettig, Martin von Koppenfels and Winfried Menninghaus Rhythmic Language and Emotion Stylized rhythmical patterns are one of the defining features of classical poetry and play a significant role in the production and perception of emotional prosody.

Thus, rhythmic speech has an impact on both the cognitive and the emotional reception of poems. At a cognitive level, rhythmic features correlate positively with the ease of understanding and memorizing poetry. In addition, rhythmicity can enhance context-dependent perception of emotional content. Symbolizing Emotions 13 Utilizing behavioral paradigms as well as event-related potentials ERPs and functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI , we are empirically investigating the impact of different relations between context and rhythm on the processing of affective speech in poetry.

In two rating studies we were able to show that both rhythmic regularity and rhyme influence aesthetic and emotional processing of poetry. Study 2 in particular yielded highly relevant results, indicating that the presence of rhyme and rhythm led to increased levels of both aesthetic appreciation and perceived emotional intensity. Similar effects were replicated in an ERP study.

FMRI data acquisition is currently underway. Here, we predict that rhythm as a component of prosody will elicit brain activations in a right-lateralized inferior-temporal network. In addition, we expect that rhythmically regular poems will elicit a hemodynamic response in the reward network orbito-frontal cortex, ventral striatum, amygdala when compared to rhythmically irregular poems. We are also interested in the documentation of differential emotional connotations of comparable concepts across different language systems, and focus our research on the consequences of such phenomena for bilingual language processing.

To be able to address these research questions we have extended existing normative databases providing rating values for emotional dimensions of words valence, arousal, imageability to a shared common base of more than 5, English, German and Spanish words. We present data from two lexical decision ERP studies using words from these databases, the size and range of which enabled us to address the following phenomena: In a 3 x 3 design crossing the factors valence and arousal for German words the classical ERP effect for word valence proved to systematically interact with effects for the arousal level of our stimuli.

In another study using a word valence manipulation for German and Spanish words presented to second language learners from the two respective countries in both L1 and L2 context, ERPs revealed a A sensitivity to valence indicating an automatic processing of emotional content not only in first but also in second language processing b Differential valence-related effects for semantically comparable material in the respective first language context showing a positivity bias for Spanish but a negativity bias for German native speakers.

The question whether and how emotional prosody influences speech processing is in the focus of recent research. We are the first to address this question with respect to word learning in a study with , , and month-old children and an adult control group. Using a combination of a non-behavioral training phase recording event-related brain potentials and a behavioral test phase an object-selection task , we investigated word learning in two affect conditions: We hypothesized that word learning would be enhanced in the positive affect condition compared to the neutral affect condition, at least in younger children.

During the training phase, the participants were repeatedly presented with pairs of novel objects and novel words. Half of the words were spoken with neutral intonation i. This training phase was followed by an object-selection task to evaluate word learning. The object- selection task was repeated one day later to investigate long term memory effects.

The data of the behavioral test show an age-dependent development which relates to general word learning capacities, and in which the influence of positive affect seems to be most prominent in the month-olds. The data of the event-related potentials show a difference between children and adults in the positive affect condition, but not in the neutral affect condition.

In the neutral condition we find in both groups an N priming effect which represents word learning. Thus, the positive prosody seems to have an effect on word learning, as the behavioural data show, and it influences the electrophysiological semantic processing in children. The language of alexithymic persons has generally been described as flat and humor-less and subjects are characterized by cognitive, operative thinking.

Though a symbolization deficit has been viewed as a core problem in the multifaceted construct of alexithymia, only a few studies examined verbal emotional expressiveness in alexithymic persons. So far, there is no detailed analysis of the verbal means used by alexithymic persons to refer to emotions that goes beyond the analysis of terms denoting emotions. Furthermore, samples investigated in former studies have rarely been controlled for mental health or psychiatric disorders that limits the interpretations related to the validity of the alexithymia construct.

It is open to debate if the characteristics of the language in alexithymia originate in a deficit in emotion vocabulary, e. In a study with 30 healthy alexithymic persons and 30 control persons, semi-standardized interviews covering emotional topics were conducted and narratives were elicited.

The verbal emotional expressiveness was analyzed for proportion of emotion words, implicitly and figuratively encoded affect. The quality of narratives was further evaluated with respect to the completeness of the narrative structure, the occurrence of evaluation, and forms of perspective taking. Results of group differences will be presented and discussed with regard to facets of the alexithymia construct. Symbolizing Emotions 15 References Kensinger, E.

Amygdala activity is associated with the successful encoding of item, but not source, information for positive and negative stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience, 26 9: Neuropsychologists are studying decision-making processes in healthy subjects and subjects suffering from a variety of disorders. The results both seem to call into question widespread common sense assumptions e. In addition, new evidence also helps to explain our complex ability of decision-making by modeling the nature and influence of willpower on decision-making and the way in which subjects solve ubiquitous control dilemmas.

John-Dylan Haynes Unconscious Neural Determinants of "Free" Will It is a common folk-psychological intuition that we can freely choose between different behavioural options. Neuroscientific experiments challenge this view as they have shown that it is possible to predict the outcome of a decision up to several seconds before a person is aware of how they are going to decide. This lecture will give an overview of the neuroscientific work on free choices while at the same time clarifying which important questions are still open and need to be addressed in future research.

Then it will delineate the consequences these findings have for concepts of free will. In particular it will become apparent that neuroscience mainly challenges the folk-psychological intuition of free will by providing first-person experiences of one's unexpected predictability. In order to make decisions consistent with HOIs it is necessary to include the latter in the decision process, shield them from distractions, give priority to them, and not to easily revise them in case of conflicts or temptations.

This effortful capacity is also known as willpower, e. I will review recent attempts to measure willpower with neurocognitive methods, give examples from our own research on emotion regulation, and discuss some of the challenges the concept of willpower poses for decision making.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD leads to difficulties in making efficient and adequate decisions. Patients are indecisive, inflexible, and repeat actions in an agonizing manner. We studied decision behavior and its psychophysiological correlates in OCD patients and healthy control samples. In a probabilistic learning and selection task Frank et al. In a reversal task requiring reward contingency updates, OCD patients performed worse compared to controls indicating reduced flexibility.

These results point to an alteration of OCD patients in processing external feedback during reward-based decision tasks. It is concluded that alterations in response monitoring and feedback processing might account for the tendency of OCD patients to avoid risky choices and instead to repeat seemingly safe actions.

Control Dilemmas and the Dynamics of Action Selection Organisms pursuing goal-directed action face control dilemmas, for instance, to shield a goal from distraction vs.

Foreign rights available for the following books

Little is known about how such control dilemmas are solved and how agents select among complementary cognitive control operations. I will present experiments from our lab in which we combined choice-reaction and decision-making tasks with continuous measures to assess the dynamics of action selection under conflict and the adjustment of cognitive control to changing task demands. Overactive performance monitoring in obsessive- compulsive disorder: ERP evidence from correct and erroneous reactions.

By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in Parkinsonism. Walter Volition diminishes genetically mediated amygdala hyperreactivity. Walter Cognitive reappraisal modulates expected value and prediction error encoding in the ventral striatum. The temporal dynamics of voluntary emotion regulation: Immediate and delayed neural aftereffects.

PLoS One, 4 8. To reason and decide, plan and act in complex domains is no longer limited to highly specialized professionals in restricted areas such as medical diagnosis, controlling technical processes, or serious game playing. Complexity has reached everyday life and affects people in such mundane activities as buying a train ticket, investing money, or connecting a home desktop to the internet. We will characterize a cognitive process as complex if at least one of the following conditions holds: Examples for research topics of relevance to complex cognition are: To develop intelligent support technology basic research of complex cognitive systems is needed.

Insights in cognitive structures and processes underlying successful human reasoning and planning can provide suggestions for algorithm design. Insights in restrictions, typical errors and misconceptions can provide information about that parts of a complex task from which the human should be relieved. An alternative approach is proposed that is based on the analogy making framework heuristic-driven theory projection HDTP.

The crucial ideas of computing analogies with HDTP and an application to the computation of mathematical metaphors will be presented. A MoB model is able to decompose complex skills into basic skills and to compose the expertise to drive complex maneuvers from basic behaviors. The type of model chosen is a dynamic Bayesian network DBN. Pat Langley A Testbed for Research on Complex Cognition One factor discouraging research on complex cognition has been the lack of accessible testbeds that provide challenge problems and support empirical evaluation.

This talk describes a new testbed in which a simulated embodied agent must carry out a series of increasingly complex tasks. Early problems involve the execution of simple action sequences but later ones require conditional action, multi-step reasoning, and problem solving.

The most complex tasks involve communicating with other agents and coordinating actions to achieve common goals. Both people and computer programs can control the simulated agents, enabling studies of human and machine behavior on the same tasks. The challenging character of these problems, combined with the testbed's accessibility, should foster research on the important topic of complex cognition. The mistakes are — with only few exceptions always rather similar. Common error types are "excessive generalisation", "actionism" and "excessive analysis", which will be charaterized and illustrated.

To avoid these errors it is necessary to self-reflect frequently and regularly ones own stream of thought and decision-making with the purpose of identifying the "true" reason for a decision and of identifying inappropriate forms of thinking and reasoning. Although this is quite clear, self reflection is hardly ever encountered when thinking and decision making in complex domains is analyzed. Reasons for avoidance of self reflection are discussed. Wie soll man die eigenen subjektiven Wahrscheinlichkeiten updaten nachdem man konditionale Information erhalten hat?

Es ist verwunderlich, dass dieser Frage in der Bayesianischen Literatur bisher wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde. Nach Standard Bayesianischer Auffassung sollen wir nach dem Erhalten von einer Information so updaten, dass wir auf sie konditionalisieren. Doch wie Brian Skyrms anmerkt: Typische Deduktionsaufgaben Wasons Wahlaufgabe, konditionale bzw. Weiters werde ich wahrscheinlichkeitslogische Versionen von Argumentformen wie dem Modus Ponens vorstellen sowie deren Eigenschaften diskutieren.

The Interpretation of Dreams

Mark Siebel Immer wieder Linda. Warum es rational sein kann, einen Fehlschluss zu begehen Stichworte: Belief Revision stellt also einen rationalen Prozess dar. Wie sieht dieser Revisionsprozess bereits existierender Vorstellungen aus? Diese Fragen sollen durch eine Kombination aus Verhaltensexperimenten und formalen Methoden beantwortet werden. Ziel ist es diese kognitiven Prozesse auf zwei Stufen zu beschreiben: Diese Vorhersage wird in drei Experimenten getestet, die zeigen, dass die Urteile der Versuchsteilnehmer besser durch unser kausales Bayesianisches Modell als durch klassische statistische Normen vorhergesagt werden.

A major defect of this paradigm is that it does not represent the basic notion of belief, but only degrees of belief; none of those degrees is suited for expressing belief. The talk will present an alternative representation of belief states, called ranking theory, which properly contains beliefs, and which behaves in ways characteristically diverging from Bayesianism, though it is of similar power and applicability as Bayesianism.

In the latter respect it outruns other attempts at representing beliefs. Of course, the suggestion will be that psychologists might as well use ranking theory as a rational reference point, and I am interested in learning whether this might be a useful perspective for them. The programme assumes that biological and technical cognitive systems alike are characterised by their adaptivity, i. The adaptivity in the external behaviour of cognitive systems is apparently reflected internally in an architecture that integrates sub-symbolic as well as symbolic data structures.

The programme investigates the contribution that this hybrid structure makes towards the external adaptivity of cognitive systems and thus attempts to integrate classic models of cognition that rest upon symbol processing with approaches that build on signal processing. Presentations at the Symposium will be by senior researchers in association with PhD students. We now propose to view the task differently: The resulting combination of knowledge base and map we call an anchored knowledge base. The difference to previous semantic mapping approaches is that context-dependent top-down information can be generated from the knowledge base that helps the robot generate expectations about objects to-be-sensed, which, in turn, can help focus attention within the sensor data, disambiguate noisy data, and fill up occlusions.

This suggests that silencing PPC unmasks the contribution of low-level image features to the guidance of visual selection. Consequently, we conjecture that the affected regions of PPC mediate not bottom-up mechanisms but high level saliency and other presumably sub-cortical structures mediate the influence of low-level features. Finally, our results highlight potential contributions of low-level features to compensate the behavioural deficit in hemineglect.

To answer these questions, this talk will present an information-processing architecture that we consider the minimum requirement for a functional analysis of personality. The architecture comprises four distinct systems with corresponding interactions and is hybrid with respect to two dimensions: First, information-processing can take place analytically 'symbolic' or holistically 'sub-symbolic'.

Secondly, systems can be distinguished according to their level of integration, i. Taken the examples of volitional efficiency and self-growth, we illustrate the adaptive gain of the dynamic interplay of the double-hybrid architecture. Otherwise, presupposition failure would occur and, formally speaking, the DRE could not be interpreted.

In a visual world study we tracked subjects' eye movements with respect to a visual scene while they listened to stories containing DREs. We could show that DREs that were either anaphorically definite or were first-mention DREs that had exactly one referent in the scene, were interpreted reliably within less than ms.

When there were several suitable referents, and one was either visually isolated or visually close to a previously mentioned referent, and thus more salient than its competitors, we observed reliable but delayed decisions for those referents albeit with a smaller proportion of focussings. The focussing proportions were still much closer though to the ideal case of unique reference than in the condition of fully ambiguous DREs.

We conclude that in situations where the uniqueness requirement for DREs is not literally satisfied by the visual scene, additional cognitive processes are recruited that adapt the interpretation of speaker's intentions to the visual input. Dieses Symposium ist Teil dieser Anstrengungen. Anthropology in cognitive science. Topics in Cognitive Science. Thoughts about cognitive development. The brain, cognition and education. It has further been shown that visual cues provided by speakers can affect language processing: Eye gaze of a human speaker to an object can permit a listener to rapidly resolve a referentially ambiguous utterance Hannah and Brennan, ; Kreysa, The coupling of speaker and listener eye movements further plays an important role in communication Richardson et al.

Some of these findings on facilitative effects of human eye gaze have recently been extended to human- robot interaction Staudte and Crocker, Many aspects of how speaker gaze affects language comprehension; how speakers coordinate their gaze with language production; how speaker and listener gaze are coupled; and how gestures and speech interact during comprehension, are still not that well understood.

Examining these issues will further permit us to extend existing processing accounts and computational models of situated language processing with how speaker-based information contributes to comprehension. The authors discuss an emerging model that involves priming and constraining mechanisms that span across production stages. Maria Staudte and Matthew W. Crocker report results from two experiments on the effects of robot gaze: They found that the order but not temporal synchrony of robot gaze relative to the order of mentioned references plays an important role in facilitating human language comprehension.

They argue that listeners expect visual references to reflect the order of planned linguistic references. Daniel Richardson Common Ground and the Coupling of Eye Movements during Dialogue Daniel Richardson will present research on gaze coordination in human-human conversation. In a new paradigm, they separated the fact that a visual scene was shared or not and the belief that a visual scene was shared or not. The effects of these factors upon joint attention were quantified. Helene Kreysa and Pia Knoeferle Using Speaker Gaze for Language Comprehension Helene Kreysa and Pia Knoeferle report research that examines whether speaker gaze can facilitate language comprehension and thematic role assignment.

They present a new paradigm for examining the effects of speaker eye gaze in human-human communicative interaction. First findings corroborate that speaker gaze facilitates language comprehension; the role of speaker gaze in facilitating thematic role assignment will be discussed. The role of synchrony and ambiguity in speech — gesture integration during comprehension: Boukje Habets will report results from an event-related brain potential ERP study on what degree of asynchrony in speech and gesture onsets are optimal for their semantic integration.

Visual Attention and Gestures in Language Processing 41 The results imply that speech and gesture are integrated most efficiently when the differences in onsets do not exceed a certain time span. He will discuss how fusing these two models can point the direction for both modeling and understanding mutual coordination and social resonance in embodied communication. Evidence for one underlying representation of linguistic and non-linguistic information. Pragmatics and Cognition, 7: Journal of Memory and Language, Coordinating speech-related eye movements during comprehension and production, PhD thesis.

The art of conversation is coordination: Common ground and the coupling of eye movements during dialogue. Visual attention in spoken human-robot interaction. How iconic gestures enhance communication: Die in kognitiven Architekturen erstellten Modelle beruhen somit auf einem definierten Satz von Elementen z. Wissensstrukturen, Regeln , simulieren die angenommen kognitiven Prozesse und generieren beobachtbare Verhaltensstrukturen wie Sprache und Blickbewegungen Newell, Die zweite Komponente steuert die externe Schnittstelle. The atomic components of thought.

Unified theories of cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. The basic idea is that all kinds of representations are organized in the form of recursive attribute-value-structures. However, his description of frames is too unspecific to allow for a detailed analysis of its merits. The aim of the interdisciplinary symposium is to discuss and assess the ambitious claim of having found the general format of representation from different but converging perspectives.

Based on a mathematically precise description of frames, applications in several disciplinary fields of research will help to evaluate the fruitfulness of frame theory. In the case of history of medicine, frames help to elucidate the evolution of concepts and theories in history. From a philosophical point of view, it is shown that frames help to elaborate the thesis of grounded cognition by allowing for an explicit representation of the different aspects of concepts.

In the field of linguistics, a case study on associative anaphora shows that a theory of concept types can be developed in terms of frames.

Klausbernd Vollmar – Foreign rights available for the following books

In this context, frames are introduced as interface structures mediating between linguistic and cognitive levels of semantic representation. Wiebke Petersen Formal Frame Theory for Concept Composition and Decomposition Frames are recursive-attribute value structures that can be modeled as directed graphs with labeled nodes value types and vertices attributes. By typing frames and organizing the types in a type hierarchy, appropriateness conditions can be postulated which restrict the class of admissible frames.

In contrast to feature structures, frames allow for nodes which cannot be reached by the central node, which makes them more flexible and allows the adequate modeling of relational concepts, i. In the presentation we will introduce our frame theory and argue how a frame-based semantics could open the way to handle composition and decomposition in a unified way.

Taken in isolation, tire is a relational noun; its meaning is a relational concept. As a consequence, all types of associative anaphors, including their representational and processual properties, shall be entirely analyzable as recursive attribute-value structures and constraints holding between these elements. Based on an annotated corpus, the talk offers frame based analyses of several types of associative anaphora attested in the data. Heiner Fangerau Evolution of Theories and Concepts The talk introduces an analysis of scientific concept development as a networking process.

The potential for investigating change of concepts as a change in inherent relationships between objects and terms is delineated. First, frame theory is introduced and applied to interpret neuroscientific findings. Second, findings from cognitive- and neurosciences and their use in the analysis of knowledge development are discussed. It is argued that the frame- model provides a methodology that proves instructive for both neuroscientific and historical aspects. The history of urine diagnosis is used to exemplify how novel attributes and values are integrated into existing knowledge in a modality overarching way.

At a certain point of integration, massive contradictions inevitably occur, such that a conceptual shift becomes necessary.

The similarity of resolutions of anomalies revealed by frames resembles Ludwik Fleck's considerations of thought style shifts. It is discussed whether his views regarding changing ideas in thought collectives can be understood as a continuous fluctuation at the level of frames. Frames — A General Format of Representation? Sensorimotor Values in Frames The thesis of grounded cognition states that concepts are based on basic sensorimotor abilities.

However, it is still unclear whether sensorimotor abilities are necessary for the acquisition of abstract concepts a weak thesis , or whether they are constitutive in the sense that the loss of basic abilities means the loss of concepts a strong thesis? The attribute-value-structure of frames will allow scrutinizing the idea in the following way: Each value in a frame can be specified by further attributes and values, but the tree has to come to end-point-values.

The claim of grounded cognition can be defined as the claim that end-point-values in frames are sensorimotor values. Based on examples, these values will be specified as parameters also occurring in basic sensorimotor processing. Moreover, the weak and the strong version of grounded cognition can be distinguished by specifying whether the relevant values are obligatory or facultative in a given concept frame.

Frames, Concepts and Conceptual Fields. A framework for representing knowledge, In: Representation of Concepts as Frames. The purpose of this symposium is to enhance the interdisciplinary dialogue between molecular, behavioral and computational neuroscience on the one side, and philosophy on the other side. It thus promises to provide a platform for vital interactions in memory research at the German Cognitive Science Conference. The synaptic tagging hypothesis suggests an early phase in which synapses are prepared for protein capture and a late phase in which those proteins are integrated into the synapses to achieve memory consolidation.

A computational model of associative memory in a neuronal network is introduced to test the tagging hypothesis on its potential to prolong memory lifetimes in an online-learning paradigm. We find that tagging is helpful if it is used to evaluate memories. Only the "important" memories evoke protein synthesis such that they become stable against plasticity stimuli evoked by "unimportant" memories. Then the network is in a state that is very susceptible to the storage of new memories: The model provides a parameter regime that solves the distal reward problem, where the initial exposure of a memory item and its evaluation are temporally separated.

The estimates of memory lifetimes derived from our model are in the order of years. Synaptic tagging hence provides a viable mechanism to consolidate and evaluate memories on a synaptic basis. Two results have been known about the hippocampus for decades: First, it is needed to form memories about events. Second, hippocampal neurons are place cells, i. However, it remains unclear how these two results fit together. I will discuss my recent advances in the resolution of this puzzle.

The World of Symbols

I present data on how neural activity changes as rats form memories for novel locations. Neurons with place fields in novel locations exhibit strongly correlated activity on the timescale of tens of milliseconds. These correlations are organized by special network events, called ripples, and decrease as novel locations become familiar. In contrast, spatial activity is initially less accurate in novel locations but improves with increased familiarity.

Thus, ripples during learning might drive the formation of memories and accurate spatial representations. Motoharu Yoshida Persistent Firing and Memory in the Medial Temporal Lobe When humans or animals perform a working memory task, there are neurons in the brain that show repetitive spiking activity during the period of memory maintenance.

This repetitive spiking is induced by a short triggering stimulus and persists after the termination of this stimulus. This type of activity is called persistent firing and it is unclear if persistent firing is maintained by a network of neurons or by a property of single neuron. In this talk, I will first introduce my recent work on this issue in the rat postsubiculum. Persistent firing of the head direction cells therefore maintains direction of the head. In this work, we showed that neurons from postsubiculum show persistent firing in single neuron level, independently from synaptic network.

This suggests that single neuron has ability to maintain memory information. Persistent firing is observed also during sleep which is believed to be important for memory consolidation. Secondly, I will introduce our finding that persistent firing can be induced by the group I mGluR-activation, in addition to but independently form previously described cholinergic mechanism. This suggests that persistent firing supported by single cell mechanism could occur, for example, during the slow-wave sleep and it could be important for memory consolidation function.

A Translational Approach Recognition memory can be achieved on the basis of two processes: Recollection is significantly reduced in amnesic patients and in aging whereas familiarity is relatively spared. Hence, identifying the neural substrates of these processes could help in rescuing part of these memory deficits. Using a lesion approach combined to translational behavioral paradigms in rats, I first report evidence that recollection and familiarity are qualitatively distinct processes and that the hippocampus supports recollection but not familiarity.

Second, I will present new data suggesting a selective involvement of the medial entorhinal cortex MEC , a major source of projections to the hippocampus, in the processing of recollective information. Taken together, these data suggest a functional segregation within the medial temporal lobe areas in terms of their contribution to the recollection and the familiarity processes in recognition memory and suggest the MEC processes information required by the hippocampus to complete recollection-based judgements. The ventral visual stream, beginning in the primary visual cortex and finally merging into the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, hosts a large number of functionally heterogeneous areas.

According to a widespread and recently detailed Wyss, et. It has been argued that this symbolic ascent is driven by optimizing the temporal stability of sensory representations in order to maximize feature predictability. Sharing the optimization principles, the talk gives an alternative interpretation of the cortical hierarchy: Symbols as self-emergent entities in an optimization process of feature extraction and predictions. Biological cybernetics, 94 4: Temporal binding of non-uniform objects. Annual Review of Neuroscience Negation in the brain: The temporal dimension of thought.

A model of the ventral visual system based on temporal stability and local memory. PLoS Biology, 4 5. This paper investigates the well-known problem of interpreting disjunction within legal texts. The data comes from a currently neglected corpus of texts - the disputes of the World Trade Organisation. This data provides examples of disjunction and, in addition, explicit reasoning about their interpretation within legal discourse.

The participants of disputes find ambiguities and argue, although not necessarily correctly, for interpretations in specific contexts. Examples include embedded disjunctions, effects from questions both explicit and question under discussion , effects from negative polarity and the contextual differences between treaty texts and everyday information exchange conversation.

Some of these effects have been analysed in linguistics, others add to the list of problems for a model of disjunction. This paper uses the framework of inquisitive semantics by Jeroen Groenendijk and Floris Roelefsen to approach those cases which rely on explicit and implicit questions in preceding discourse context for their disambiguation. Roelofsen , Inquistive Semantics and Pragmatics.

• Fingertip Trompe Loeil.
• Terres rares : enjeu géopolitique du XXIe siècle: Chine, Etats-Unis, Europe, Japon, Groenland (Un autre regard / Paris School of Business) (French Edition)!
• ?

As soon as I start interacting with one person or more I have gained a new and irreducible access to objects of knowledge, which allow me to experience this person's response to me as a primary part of the interaction. This access from a second-person- perspective differs fundamentally from a potential access to objects of knowledge from a first- and third-person-perspective as the latter structurally preclude the moment of reciprocity.

Knowledge gained from the second-person-perspective primarily has to be reactional knowledge on the counterpart as well as on myself. By the expression of my counterpart becoming tangible as my own impression and vice versa , a form of reciprocity emerges. With the help of self-bodied expression, this reciprocity provides access to an area of knowledge on the inner life of a human being — a knowledge which has been only made tangible through interaction.

In fact, the term interaction needs clarification regarding his scope as well as his boundary. Also, this newly gained knowledge only applies to me as part of the interaction, of the relationship which has developed between me and my counterpart through the interaction.

Second-personal knowledge as relationship knowledge Buber, is therefore interbodily Merlerau-Ponty, Thereby, knowledge about dialogical and terminological context turns out to be very important in language understanding, since speakers often use grammatically incomplete and incorrect sentences. By implementing an adequate interface to the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, the conversational agent Max obtains access to contextual knowledge and gains competence in looking up information on Wikipedia similar to humans.

Furthermore, first results of how to identify the topic of single utterances and how a topic may influence the search for the relevant Wikipedia article could be obtained Breuing and Wachsmuth, However, looking at single utterances to specify the dialog topic appears to be insufficient, as dialogs are streams of everchanging topical threads.

Thus, my current research focuses on how to improve the topic detection process and how to make the agent Max more situation- and context-aware. According to Schank's original work single sentences are unlikely to contain topics in isolation Schank, They rather introduce possible concepts acting as topic suggestions. Thus, we have to consider at least two successive utterances to define a dialog topic. Therefore, the classification of Wikipedia articles will be employed to construct a graphically represented taxonomy based on Wikipedia categories.

By treating articles as potential conversational concepts and categories as potential dialog topics, we will devise a taxonomical representation of dialog concepts and topics, and of the way they are linked together. The specification of a dialog topic will result in defining the conceptual intersection between successive utterances by identifying the nearest common Wikipedia category of the ascertained concepts.

Further insights based on the graphical representation will additionally support the authenticity of the agent's contextual awareness. A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1 4: Elsner rub de Stichworte: Angesichts des hohen Auftretens in der Alltagskommunikation sowie der Tatsache, dass das NF in der Regel eine fakultative Stelle darstellt, stellt sich die Frage nach der Funktion dieser Strukturen. Was ist das NF? Wie erwerben Kinder Sprache?

Wie werden diese Konstruktionen erworben? Information Structure and Sentence Form. Grammatik der deutschen Sprache, de Gruyter, Berlin. For example, priming individuals with the concept of the elderly activates the stereotype of slowness and individuals temporarily reduce their pace Bargh, Chen and Barrows, Advertising industry makes use of such effects when constructing new brand names. Beyond the semantic effect, the sound of a brand name has been detected as another possible source of influence. Sound with no overt meaning is connected to particular attributes. Psycholinguistic research has shown that different phonemes evoke different associations.

Thus, the sound of a semantically meaningless word can convey meaning. We assume that such meaning does not only affect judgment but even performance. In Experiment I, participants worked on a concentration test introduced with different artificial test names. In support of the hypothesis, different test names affected working speed and error rates. The dependent variables main DV: Preliminary data will be presented. Further experiments are intended to focus on the underlying mechanisms and potential moderators.

Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71 2: What have we been priming all these years? On the development, mechanisms, and ecology of nonconscious social behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, Effects of priming and perception on social behavior and goal pursuit.

Social psychology and the unconscious. The automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychology Press, New York, p. Gender differences in new brand name response. Marketing Letters 20 3: The implications of phonetic symbolism for brand name construction. Acquisition of Efficient Visual Word Processing: Participants were children learning to read the rather transparent German writing system with about 20 participants from grade levels two, three and four.

The youngest group, tested in the first months of Grade 2, had experienced about one year of reading instruction, because there is no reading preparation in kindergarten. The pool of words presented for reading aloud varied along several dimensions of interest. Word length varied from 3 to 6 letters and, among letter words, number of syllables one vs.

Critical eye movement measures were number, duration and position of fixations. Results show a massive gain of efficiency from second to third Grade resulting from diminishing effects of word length, number of syllables and consonant cluster density. Interestingly, the increasing efficiency was mainly reflected in shorter fixation durations, whereas the number of fixations decreased only slightly from second to fourth Grade.

Additionally, all three groups showed an marked word length effect exclusively in their number of fixations. In sum, the present study suggests that early reading strategies rely predominantly on serial decoding which become more efficient within the first three years of learning to read the transparent German orthography. How much are people's responsibility attributions affected by intended versus actual contributions in group contexts?

A novel experimental game paradigm allowed dissociating intended from actual contributions: Experiment Participants acted as external judges and attributed responsibility to individual players for their group's performance. On each round, three computer programmed 'players' formed a group. Each player chose to roll one of three dice. These dice differed in terms of price and probability distribution which were both common knowledge. The cheap die was biased towards lower outcomes, the medium die was fair and the expensive die was biased towards higher outcomes.

The group won if the sum of the players' outcomes exceeded a fixed threshold. In case of a win, prize money was equally distributed between the players. Each player's payoff was hence a function of the price for the chosen die and whether the group won or lost. The employed payoff scheme created a social dilemma: Individual regression analyses with choice of die and outcome of roll as predictors revealed that participants could be classified into two distinctive groups — an intention-based group versus an outcome-based group.

However, contrary to previous evidence Cushman, Dreber, Wang and Costa, , more participants based their attributions on the intention rather than the outcome. The implications of these findings for psychological theories of responsibility attribution in group contexts are discussed. Accidental outcomes guide punishment in a trembling hand game.

Plos One, 5, 1—7. Spatial Knowledge Acquisition with Tactile Maps Tactile maps, as external representation of the environment, have been used as alternative to visual maps. They convey meaning about geographic environments via the sense of touch. Acknowledging prior work on human perception and cognition involved in touch, this dissertation project focuses on the cognitive aspects of haptic interaction with tactile maps for pre-trip planning which aims to convey survey knowledge.

The implicit task is to learn the structure of the depicted environment from a tailored tactile map, that should be cognitively adequate Strube, Such a map enables spatial learning by providing to inducing a mental representation that enables the map reader to successfully solve spatial reasoning tasks without the map. The principles behind the construction of cognitive adequate maps are in focus of this research project.

A Model of Cognitive Complexity as Stand-In for Cognitive Adequacy After elaborating on the cognitive requirements on interpreting tactile maps I introduce and relate the concept of cognitive adequacy Strube, with the concept of cognitive complexity, both applied to tactile map reading.

I present a model that hypothesizes which factors influence cognitive complexity, namely geometric-topological factors, situational factors and individual factors. Then I develop a research agenda of experiments whose results can show that the model captures relevant factors in the usage of tactile maps. Results from one study that examines a subset of geometric-topologic factors are examined Graf, to appear. They support further work to validate the model.

Future Work The model is discussed and how the quality of the proposed factors, for example, their independency, could be investigated. Eventually, this work will provide experimentally well supported principles and guidelines for constructing cognitively adequate tactile maps to be used in pre-trip consultation. Verbally annotated tactile maps: The role of cognitive science in knowledge engineering.

These were mainly based on logical problems and the analysis of the recorded protocols was primarily content-based. In my dissertation project I want to expand on this approach by systematically analyzing linguistic features of verbal reports. Furthermore the data has been collected in an experiment in the area of unaided object assembly. A content-based analysis shows that problem solving processes, as described for logical problems in the literature Newell and Simon, , can also be identified in the given assembly problem.

All protocols show a global structure consisting of beginning, middle, and end. The actual problem solving process takes place in the middle part consisting of explorative hypotheses, false leads, dead ends, fresh starts Palmer, , and actions. In addition further processes, e. The linguistic analysis is based on discourse analytical categories such as verbs Halliday, and markers Schiffrin, In a sample of the data it shows that some discourse particles are more frequently used in some processes than in others, e.

Furthermore verb categories are differently distributed between processes. Zur Psychologie des produktiven Denkens. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Hierarchical Structure in Perceptual Representation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Semantic Maps One of the classical tasks of a mobile robot is building a map of its environment. This has led to a large body of work on the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping SLAM. Traditionally, those maps are used mainly for navigation purposes, which only requires geometric information. However, more demanding applications of mobile robots e.

Semantic maps can be useful for a variety of tasks, such as humanrobot communication or planning goal-directed interaction with objects in the environment. Top-Down Information We propose a concept for integrating high-level semantic knowledge into the mapping process. An important feature of our system is that the data flow is not solely bottom up. Our claim, inspired by results from cognitive psychology Biederman, Mezzanotte and Rabinowitz, , is that topdown semantic knowledge is essential for more basic perceptive functions.

Expectations about typical size, position and spatial relations to other objects can be used to disambiguate noisy object classifications or guide an active search for undetected objects. System Architecture The proposed system consists of three layers: In the talk, we will discuss the structure of our approach to semantic mapping and present first results.

Detecting and judging objects undergoing relational violations. Cognitive Psychology, 14 2 , — Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 56 11 , — Simon effect; spatial words; stimulus-response compatibility; eye movement; saccade latencies; masked priming Simon effect is the facilitation or inhibition in processing responses to the spatial stimuli due to stimuli location information, even when the response feature of the stimuli is location irrelevant.

In our first series of two experiments we tested whether the Simon effect due to spatial words can be observed in eye movement, and whether the effect is present only in eye movement saccades or also in manual responses reaction times to the same set of stimuli.