Essence of Anesthesia Practice E-Book (Expert Consult)

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Tests your knowledge of anesthesia through the most comprehensive coverage of basic science and clinical practice for an effective review. Features questions vetted by Mayo residents to ensure a consistent level of difficulty from trustworthy sources. Features the full text online at expertconsult. Presents thoroughly revised questions for the most current and comprehensive review of board material, covering the latest discoveries and techniques in physics, biochemistry, and anesthesia equipment; the newest drugs and drug categories; and the most recent information on all anesthesia subspecialties.

Complies with the new ABA format so you have an accurate representation of the new question style and can prepare effectively. Includes discussions after each question, along with references to major anesthesia texts so it's easy to find more information on any subject. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first.

Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version should access to the web site be discontinued. Written Board Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases Lee Fleisher Edition 6 Your awareness of uncommon diseases and possible complications is vital to successful anesthetic patient management.

Anesthesia and Uncommon Diseases, 6th Edition, brings you up to date with new information on less commonly seen diseases and conditions, including the latest evidence and management guidelines. This unique medical reference book is essential for a complete understanding of today's best options and potential difficulties in anesthesia.

Improve your ability to successfully manage every patient, including those with rare diseases or conditions. Avoid complications with unique coverage of an important aspect of anesthetic management. Access the complete contents and illustrations online at www. Stay current with all-new chapters on adult congenital heart disease, rheumatic diseases, and the cancer patient, plus many more revisions throughout. Get outstanding visual guidance with hundreds of illustrations, now in full color. Understand uncommon diseases to avoid anesthetic complications! Principles and Applications, 2nd Edition, by Dr.

Jan Ehrenwerth and Dr. Eisenkraft, offers expert, highly visual, practical guidance on the full range of delivery systems and technology used in practice today. It equips you with the objective, informed answers you need to ensure optimal patient safety. Ensure patient safety with detailed advice on risk management and medicolegal implications of equipment use. Apply the most complete and up-to-date information available on machines, vaporizers, ventilators, breathing systems, vigilance, ergonomics, and simulation. Visualize the safe and effective use of equipment thanks to hundreds of full-color line drawings and photographs.

Access the complete text and images online, fully searchable, at www. Reference Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery James DiNardo, David Zvara Edition 3 This comprehensive, state of the art overview of pediatric and adult cardiac anesthesia brings together all the latest developments in this rapidly developing field. This text is intended both as a reference and for daily use by practicing and prospective anesthesiologists. Thoroughly updated for its third edition, Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery fills the gap between encyclopaedic references and brief outlines, presenting just the right amount of information to guide trainees and practitioners who care for cardiac surgical patients.

The introduction of Dr Zvara as co-editor A new chapter on Special Considerations Practical clinical information coupled with comprehensive descriptions of physiology Key facts and tables summarized for convenient access This essential resource will prove invaluable for residents, fellows, and practicing anesthesiologists. Reference Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease Dean Andropoulos, Stephen Stayer, Isobel Russell, Emad Mossad Edition 3 The third edition of Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease, the recognized gold-standard reference in this field, offers a major update and expansion of the textbook to reflect the ongoing development of the practice of pediatric and congenital cardiac anesthesia and the burgeoning knowledge base in this exciting field.

Presents each syndrome in an easy-to-follow format: Lists syndromes and synonyms alphabetically, and cross-references synonyms for quick look-up. Incorporates an overview of the pathology and relevant clinical findings for each syndrome, and highlights considerations in perioperative management. Features a helpful glossary at the beginning of the book, as well as diagrams that review pertinent biochemical pathways. Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, offering tablet, smartphone, or online access to: Complete content with enhanced navigation Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use Pediatric Anesthesia Made Easy: Most introductory anesthesia books are too long and too complex.

Where do you begin learning about anesthesia when the basic books are over pages long and weigh four pounds? Even when you do read these books, how will you translate the information into something you can use in the operating room when you are first starting out? Welcome to Anesthesia Made Easy. I wrote this book to introduce you to anesthesiology.

It is part education guide to teach you the basics of anesthesia and part survival guide to teach you how to apply these basics while in the operating room. It includes the basics of anesthesia without getting too far into the weeds and also gives you a practical approach that will get you started moving in the right direction. New anesthesiology students struggle with which book to read and where to start. This book will give you not only a solid foundation upon which to start your career but also organize the information in such a way that you can actually use it.

At under pages, it is the one basic anesthesia book that you can reasonable read cover to cover quickly. It will give you a working knowledge of the type of training you will receive. It may also help you in your interview process to give you answers to simple questions about anesthesia care. This book is meant to be a quick read. Bring the book with you to the operating room and take notes in the notes section. Looking for more information about anesthesiology? Written in outline form, this book provides the essentials for anyone interested in anesthesiology.

Dr Steiner has successfully compiled a basic guide that provides a starting point for providers just beginning their journey into the world of anesthesia. It provides useful information on airways, common anesthetic medications, and basic anesthesia theory. It also gives a small glimpse into the OR from the unique perspective of the anesthesiologist.

It's contents include, "The Ultimate Board Prep Basic Strategy", recommendations on the best way to use our practice questions in your preparation, a description of what to expect during your actual board examination, the Ultimate Board Prep strategy for outlining the stem question, and two full mock anesthesia oral board questions. Unlike many practice exams offered from various sources, our exams include full answers formulated using The Ultimate Board Prep Basic Strategy.

Knocking Out the Boards Jessica Lovich-Sapola Edition 1 The accreditation process for anesthesia in the United States is considered one of the most difficult in all medical specialties, with residents required to pass both an oral and written exam to gain certification. The evidence-based approach is presented in a concise outline-oriented format, with an emphasis on test results and visual images. The Knockout Treatment Plan demonstrates the correct method of managing the case to the satisfaction of the examiners, while the Technical Knockout sections give additional tips for successfully passing the examination.

The straightforward format of this book makes it suitable not only as an oral review book but also as an introduction to anesthesia rotations for medical students, medical interns, and nurse anesthetist students; furthermore, the book can be used as a technical study guide for anesthesia residents.

More than topics in this book have already been board-review tested by residents. Oral Board Anesthesia Review: Answer explanations include reasons for incorrect answers, as well as references for further study, ideal for anyone who wants more help with topics. Blasting the Boards is a high-yield study guide designed to maximize your study time and help you ace the written boards.

A full-color, outline format features bulleted lists and numerous diagrams to facilitate quick memorization and information retrieval. Key Features 22 succinct chapters cover the five content areas tested — basic sciences, clinical sciences, organ-based basic and clinical sciences, clinical subspecialties, and special problems or issues in anesthesiology. Content is presented in high-yield, digestible chunks using a full-color, outline format. Anesthesiology keywords are highlighted for quick memorization and retrieval. Recently identified knowledge gaps are addressed in each chapter.

Every chapter concludes with five or more multiple choice questions and explanations. Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like: It provides rapid access to the practical, "in-the-trenches" know-how you need to succeed - both in practice and on board and recertification exams.

Zero in on key information with bulleted lists, tables, mnemonics, illustrations, practical tips from the authors, and "Key Points" boxes that provide a concise overview of important board-relevant content. Review essential material efficiently with the "Top Secrets in Anesthesiology" - perfect for last-minute study or self-assessment.

Get the evidence-based guidance you need to provide optimal care for your patients - ideal for medical students, residents, fellows, and practitioners. Apply all the latest advances in techniques, technology, and pharmacology, and explore effective solutions to a full range of clinical issues in anesthesiology.

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Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and tables from the book on a variety of devices. A Case-Based Approach Jesse Ehrenfeld, Richard Urman, Scott Segal Edition 2 Edited and written by leading educators, this popular book for the anesthesiology rotation has been thoroughly updated and retains its distinctive case-based approach.

The Second Edition features a thorough revision of the discussion of ventilator management, improved coverage of extubation criteria, and the latest guidelines and algorithms for preoperative assessment. Considerations for quality improvement and patient safety have been expanded throughout the book. Anesthesia Student Survival Guide provides a complete introduction to the specialty and is aimed at medical and nursing students as well as practitioners in critical care who seek a succinct overview of anesthesiology.

From reviews of the First Edition: It will be a welcome addition to the libraries of teaching departments. This instructive text accounts for each variable immaculately, presenting all anesthetic considerations in a clear, templated format, detailing each treatment option then refining and summarizing all courses of action in easy-to-read tables. Complete content with enhanced navigation A powerful search that pulls results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text and an image bank.

Presented in full color and updated to capture the latest breakthroughs and advances, Anesthesiology is designed to provide the practitioner with an authoritative single-source reference that spans the full spectrum of anesthesia practice. Much more than a how-to manual of anesthetic techniques, Anesthesiology, Third Edition presents an accessible compilation of concepts and principles that affirms its status as the cornerstone text in anesthesiology.

This edition emphasizes important trends in both the specialty and healthcare in general. These trends include team-based anesthesia care, the remarkable growth of pain medicine practice, and the expanded need for clinicians who are skilled in the practice of critical care medicine. A Comprehensive Review for the Written Boards and Recertification is a high-yield, streamlined study aid. It contains more than updated, realistic multiple-choice questions tailored to the question content of recent American Board of Anesthesiology Aba exams.

To maximize reading efficiency, key messages are repeated and highlighted in the bullets. While focusing on most-frequently tested keywords by the Aba, this book also covers new "emerging" topics such as patient safety, statistics, and ethics. Well-chosen illustrations and graphs are used to enhance the learning experience. Also novel is a high-yield summary of the 60 most frequently tested topics and concepts to be reviewed just before taking the boards. With this book as guidance, readers will be able to efficiently prepare for the written primary certification or recertification anesthesiology board exam.

This powerful, results-oriented study guide delivers everything you need to improve your knowledge, confidence, and recall. With content following the anesthesiology board exam blueprint, emphasis is placed on distilling key facts and clinical pearls essential for exam success.

This high-yield review is the perfect complement to larger texts and delivers an intense, streamlined review in the days and weeks before the exam. A physician's step-by-step guide to make your board preparation successful Jeff Steiner Edition 1 From the author of Anesthesia Made Easy comes the next step in your training to become an anesthesiologist. When you became an anesthesiology resident, no one told you that you would have a full time job as an anesthesiology resident learning your craft and be a full time student getting ready for more exams.

Since these exams will cost you both time and money, you will want to only have to take them once. Trying to balance these two roles is difficult when there is so much to learn and only so much time. It is not enough that you have the knowledge, you have to know how to use it. You have worked too hard to get into anesthesiology residency training to blow it on not being able to become Board Certified. With such a high stakes game, where do you begin?

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After all, if you were going to play a challenging game, you would try to figure out the objectives, rules, knowledge, strategy, tactics, and skills plus a little luck to win … right? In this book, I will give you a roadmap to explain how the boards work, how to make your studying more efficient and less painful, and how to prepare for the most challenging exam of your career: The dreaded Applied Exam.

It is a 70 minute oral exam void of multiple choice questions given to you by experts in the field of anesthesiology. Some of the oral board examiners wrote the very books you will study to take the exam. Section One - The Game: You will learn the broad overview of how to become board certified. This is where we get into the strategies, tactics, and skills to pass your written exams. Section Three - Graduating From Residency: Most residents think they just have to show and get through.

There are some residents who sail through residency and others who struggle. Learn how to efficiently maneuver through your training program. This is the largest section of the book, because you will be taking the Applied Exam as an oral exam. Learn how to prepare and take your first professional oral examination. Section Five - Year by Year Checklists: With so much information in Anesthesiology Boards Made Easy where do you begin? This group of year by year checklists will meet you where you are in your training. It does not matter if you are an Intern or graduated from residency, this book will help you get ready for your exams.

What are you waiting for? Order your copy of Anesthesiology Boards Made Easy and build strategies, tactics, and skills into your Board studying which will help you become Board Certified with the least amount of pain possible. Written Board Oral Board Anesthesiology: Clinical Case Reviews Linda Aglio, Richard Urman Edition 1 Divided into twelve sections that cover the entirety of anesthetic practice, this is a case-based, comprehensive review of anesthesiology that covers the basics of anesthetic management and reflects all new guidelines and recently developed standards of care.

Each chapter of Anesthesiology: Clinical Case Reviews begins with a specific clinical problem or a clinical case scenario, followed by concise discussions of preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative pain management. In addition to residents and fellows, this book is written for practicing anesthesiologists, student nurse anesthetists, and certified registered nurse anesthetists CRNAs. The book is divided into sections that match the blueprint provided by the American Board of Anesthesiology: Short page chapters provide critical information in an easily digestible and memorable format.

Each chapter succinctly summarizes key concepts, covering the nearly must-know topics found on the board exam outline. The pages are heavily illustrated to help you visualize key concepts, with space conveniently provided throughout the book to add notes from other study resources. The Part 1 exam is now split into two written examinations: Residents who are unable to pass the Basic examination will not be allowed to finish their training.

That's why this book is a true must read for every anesthesiology resident. It is the single best way to take the stress out of this make-or-break exam, focus your study on nearly must-know topics found on the board exam outline, and identify your areas of strength and weakness. Written by program directors with many years of board examination advising experience, Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: Each chapter of Anesthesiology Core Review succinctly summarizes key concepts in basic science and clinical anesthesia practice. Space is conveniently provided throughout the book to add notes from other study resources.

Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: Basic Science Clinical Sciences Organ-Based Sciences Special Issues in Anesthesiology covering important topics such as professionalism and licensure, ethics, and patient safety With its expert authorship and concise yet thorough coverage, Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: This powerful study guide delivers 1, board-style multiple-choice questions with referenced, paragraph-length discussions for each answer.

Anesthesiology Examination and Board Review has been completely redesigned and rewritten to reflect the new exam format. Like the exam, this edition is divided into two parts: Basic and Advanced, each concluding with a practice test.

There is no better way for you to boost your test-taking skills, subject knowledge, and confidence than this essential study partner. FEATURES 1, board-style questions with fully explained, referenced answers New information from the American Board of Anesthesiology on changes to the certification and recertification process and requirements Complete coverage of the entire field of anesthesiology Two comprehensive practice tests that mimic the actual exams and allow you to test your skill at answering questions under simulated exam conditions Valuable test-taking strategies New questions that reflect the latest research and advances Written Board Anesthesiology Keywords Review Raj Modak Edition 2 Anesthesiology Keywords Review, Second Edition The Second Edition of this handy review is formatted for ease of use.

Over detailed entries include key points, a discussion, and suggested readings for each keyword. Broad-based coverage addresses all areas of anesthesiology, including pediatrics. A companion website includes fully searchable text. Ideal for Exam preparation! Be sure this self-paced review is in your hands! Written Board Anesthesiology Oral Board Flash Cards Jeff Gadsden, Dean Jones Edition 1 two-sided cards help you develop the critical thinking skills necessary to ace the Anesthesiology Oral Boards Take the stress out of anesthesiology oral board preparation by learning how to analyze a complex situation, formulate an organized plan, and communicate it in a way that impresses the examiners Learn simple principles that guide you through information gathering, synthesis, decision making, and reevaluation Benefit from valuable tips on what to say and do during the oral exam Study effectively alone or with a partner Save hundreds of hours sifting through textbooks and journal articles Fact-filled flash cards review the most relevant diseases, procedures, and events that are covered on the boards Oral Board Anesthesiology Self-Assessment and Board Review: This powerful, results-oriented review delivers more than questions and answers that cover a wide range of topics found on the ABA BASIC exam outline.

Each question comes complete with a detailed answer explanation for both the correct and incorrect answer choices, along with references to essential texts to facilitate further study. Anesthesiology Self-Assessment and Board Review: BASIC Exam is the perfect resource to supplement your daily reading in addition to the intense, streamlined study you want in the weeks and months before the exam. Written by the authors of the definitive text Understanding Anesthesia Equipment, A Practical Approach to Anesthesia Equipment covers the most commonly used machines and devices and addresses common problems and pitfalls that affect clinical situations.

The book is written in outline format and thoroughly illustrated with full-color photographs and line drawings. Drawing on the experience of 55 authors from 29 different institutions, this 5th edition provides complete information on drugs, monitoring, cardiopulmonary bypass, circulatory support, and anesthetic management of specific cardiac disorders. Information is presented in a logical structure that makes essential facts easy to find and apply. And step-by-step coverage guides readers from cardiac physiology to anesthetic management of specific cardiac surgical procedures to management of cardiac disorders to circulatory support and organ preservation.

The outline format with key concepts provides rapid access to clear diagnostic and management guidance for a broad range of neurosurgical and neuroanesthesiology procedures as well as neurocritical care problems. Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of clinical practice focusing on key points, clinical pearls, and key references. This new text provides expert recommendations on critical pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative care for both adult and pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgical and neuroradiologic procedures.

A Practical Approach to Neuroanesthesia is a concise, portable reference suitable for use by anesthesia residents and fellows, practicing anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and anesthesiologist assistants. Focusing on clinical issues in obstetric anesthesia, it uses an easy-to-follow outline format for quick reference, enhanced with numerous tables, figures, and photographs. The use of color in this edition highlights key information and improves readability for daily practice and study.

Presents the most up-to-date information available in obstetric anesthesiology, including guidance on both routine and complicated patient care. Features new chapters on ultrasound and echocardiographic techniques, trauma, management of the opioid dependent parturient, and maternal morbidity and mortality. Covers pharmacology and physiology, antepartum considerations, labor and delivery, postpartum issues, and disease states in obstetric patients, including a chapter on obesity and pregnancy, as well as guidelines from national organizations.

Provides Clinical Pearls throughout, as well as Key Points in each chapter and current references for further study. Complete content with enhanced navigation Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use Concise OB A Practical Approach to Pediatric Anesthesia Robert Holzman, Thomas Mancuso, David Polaner Edition 2 Part of the highly popular Practical Approach to Anesthesia series, this new edition combines the comprehensive depth of a textbook and the user-friendly features of a practical handbook.

Focusing on clinical issues in pediatric anesthesia, it contains the in-depth information you need for daily practice and study, presented in a concise, bulleted format for quick reference. With its emphasis on developmental aspects of pediatric anesthesia, numerous illustrations and tables, and methodical approach to decision making, this updated reference is an invaluable resource for anyone involved with anesthesia of children. Key Features Features new chapters on vascular biology and vascular anomalies, healing and recovery in pediatric surgery, and training and education in pediatric anesthesia.

All existing chapters have been fully updated to keep you up to date. Covers key issues of growth and development — anatomic, physiologic, and pharmacologic — that form the basis for a better understanding of pediatric anesthesia. Discusses the approach to the pediatric patient, clinical and operational aspects of pediatric anesthesia, anesthetic management of normalities and abnormalities of each organ system, and special situations such as fetal surgery, anesthesia outside the operating room, and trauma. Presents information in a bulleted, outline format for easy reference and review.

Complete content with enhanced navigation Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use Concise Pediatric A Practical Approach to Transesophageal Echocardiography Albert Perrino Jr.

Updated to reflect current clinical developments, this book is a true asset for any physician, resident, nurse, or other healthcare professional looking to master perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. Spanning 2- and 3-D imagining, as well as Doppler modalities for assessing ventricular performance and valvular disease, Transesophageal Echocardiography guides you through the physics, principles, and applications of each technique. The new edition is designed for maximum retention, featuring not just comprehensive text but extensive color illustrations, figures, and full-motion echocardiographic images.

Originally authored by Michael F. Mulroy, MD, this respected title has helped practitioners provide effective regional anesthesia for nearly 30 years. This clinical reference has evolved with the many changes in this subspecialty to continue bringing you the up-to-date, clinically focused, hands-on guidance you need to offer your patients the best possible care. Master the latest advances in the field with expanded coverage of truncal blocks, systems-based practice, acute pain medicine, and much more.

Make optimal use of ultrasound guidance as a nerve localization tool for peripheral nerve blocks, thanks to updated and expanded coverage as well as many new and improved illustrations. The techniques, approaches, and systems-based practices covered in 5th edition will enhance the application and role of regional anesthesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ERAS pathways and the perioperative surgical home. Easily find and apply the answers you need thanks to a highly readable, focused, richly illustrated format that provides balanced discussions of indications, complications, and techniques.

Take advantage of these practical features that will improve your eBook experience: The ability to download the eBook on multiple devices at one time — providing a seamless reading experience online or offline Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that allow you to search within this book, or across your entire library of VitalSource eBooks Multiple viewing options that enable you to scale images and text to any size without losing page clarity as well as responsive design The ability to highlight text and add notes with one click See the inside front cover to find out how to access your eBook!

It reviews underlying scientific information, addresses preoperative assessment and anesthesia management in detail, and provides guidelines for postoperative care, emergencies, and special procedures. Comprehensive in scope and thoroughly up to date, this 6th Edition delivers unsurpassed coverage of every key aspect of pediatric anesthesia. Features key references at the end of each chapter that provide a quick summary for review. Presents must-know information on standards, techniques, and the latest advances in pediatric anesthesia from global experts.

Provides access to a video library of 70 pediatric anesthesia procedures — 35 are new! Videos include demonstrations on managing the difficult pediatric airway, cardiac assist devices in action, new positioning devices, management of burn injuries, and many demonstrations of ultra-sound guided regional anesthesia blocks and techniques.

Features extensive revisions of all chapters with many new contributors, and numerous new figures and tables throughout. Introduces new drugs such as those used to premedicate children and facilitate emergence from anesthesia, plus an up-to-date discussion of the drug approval process and detailed information on opioid safety for children with obstructive sleep. Includes new chapters on pharmacogenomic implications of drugs in children and the anesthetic implications when caring for children with cancer.

Offers up-to-date information on the management of emergence agitation, sleep-disordered breathing, neonatal and pediatric emergencies, and the obese child and bariatric surgery. The Essentials chapters, with extensive input from pediatrician experts, provide the latest information concerning hematology, pulmonology, oncology, hepatology, nephrology, and neurology. Contains significant updates on perioperative fluid management, pharmacology, intravenous anesthesia and target controlled infusions, cystic fibrosis, new interventional devices for children with congenital heart defects, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, simulation in pediatric anesthesia, and much more.

This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Chapters deliver succinct and efficiently communicated summaries of all content listed in the ABA exam outline, plus highlighted key facts, mneomnics, and relevant images and diagrams. Chapters conclude with board-style practice questions and annotated answers, followed by key references and further reading. With this book as a guide, readers will be able to efficiently prepare for the Basic Anesthesiology Examination and master the key facts and concepts that provide the scientific roundation for the practice of Anesthesiology.

Consider the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Starting from rest, an aircraft accelerates to its take-off speed of 60 m s in a distance of metres. Illustrate 3 this with a velocity-time graph.

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Assuming 4 constant acceleration, find 5 how long the take-off run lasts. Hence calculate 6 the acceleration. Critically analyse any recent event which supports or challenges 9 the statement. Examine how industrial growth has affected any two developing countries. Provide statistical evidence where necessary and include a discussion of likely future trends. In developing methods to explain the significance of health status measures, one can classify 1 ways of establishing 2 quality of life into two main types. The length of time spent on the tasks may account for 3 the decrease in motivation which was seen 4 in many of the participants.

The data presented 5 in Chapter 3 showed 6 that the age of the subjects was not the main factor. Political theory attempts 7 to build bridges between different schools of political thought. The verbs affect and effect are different. The burning of fossil fuels has negatively affected the global climate. The procedure has been successful and has effected a return to normal functioning of the engine. See Unit 30 for more on affect and effect. Put the verb into the correct form. Greig's article challenges Park's theory.

Discuss the new tax regulations. Lodhi considers new data. Titova examined four sets of experiments. Lee investigated why such changes occur. Okaz proved that the data were reliable. Find the magnitude of the deceleration. The events affected economic development. Use a dictionary if necessary. Academic Vocabulary in Use 1 5 Key adjectives For any adjective it is useful to know whether it is typically followed by a specific preposition and whether it has any synonyms adjectives with a similar meaning or antonyms adjectives of opposite meaning.

Adjectives and prepositions Here are some extracts from academic texts, with adjectives followed by to or of. Language development is conceived as t relative 1 to one's own past performance, i or relative to that of others. Some of the responses to the questionnaire were specific 4 to young male respondents. Others were common 5 to all the respondents. How can we make science relevant 2 to environmental policy?

Poor communication 1 between scientists and politicians is characteristic 3 of the situation today. In most cases you can work out the meanings of the opposites which follow each numbered adjective , based on the definitions. Abuse is rarely a simple issue; it usually results from a complex set of circumstances.

Both quantitative 3 and qualitative research is necessary to gain a full picture of the situation. By combining research methods, we may obtain an accurate picture of the causes and results of abuse, in contrast with the inaccurate assessments which often result from purely quantitative studies. A significant 4 amount of fear and prejudice surrounds the notion of abuse, and the media have a role which is also not insignificant in promoting such fears.

The dissertation concludes that rough 5 estimates of the number of drug addicts need to be made more precise by properly defining addiction. We noted a potential 2 problem with the experimental design which we had to deal with first. The principal 3 cause of the failure was a sudden temperature change. The research used a ri gorous 4 methodology which had been tested on many occasions. Learn adjectives with the prepositions that often follow them, as in A. Correct the preposition errors in these sentences. Academic Vocabulary in Use 1 7 5 Key adverbs This unit deals with just some of the adverbs that are particularly frequent i context.

You will find more in other units throughout this book. We used specially designed equipment. B Adverbs that relate to numbers or time There are approximately 20 varieties of bird in this species, [roughly, about] There are precisely 48 different managerial posts in the company, [exactly] Interviewees frequently misunderstood one of the questions, [often] We eventually obtained the results we were hoping for.

Generally 3 , his disapproval of their policies was only conveyed implicitly 4 in his previous writing, but here he specifically condemns their handling of a number of issues. The medication will merely make the symptoms bearable; it will not cure the disease. The tribe has hardly ever had contact with the outside world. Eventually means 'in the end'. Eventually [in the end], we were able to interview all 20 children involved in the test 1 8 Academic Vocabulary in Use Exercises 5. Explain the difference between the sentences in each pair.

Heinrich's experiments were most successful. The results were especially surprising given the circumstances. First-year students are particularly affected by the new rules relating to tuition fees. The study is ultimately concerned with urban alienation. The team frequently obtained unpredicted results. What you are saying is essentially I merely true. To put it basically I simply, there is J specially I basically no significant difference between the two writers' theories.

However, one of them writes in a simply I precisely dreadful style while the other has eventually I I possibly a more impressive style than any other contemporary scientist. Then answer the questions. Marine conservationists are currently attempting to save the world's coral reefs.

One plan is to literally glue the damaged reefs back together, using coral artificially raised in underwater labs. Reefs are increasingly under attack from human activity as well as from events occurring naturally, such as hurricanes and tsunamis. ESjjl Find an article of interest to you in your discipline and underline all the key adverbs.

Then check that you understand their meaning. Scientists have recently discovered that ants can remember how many steps they have taken. By carefully shortening or lengthening the legs of ants, the team observed that short-legged ants apparently became lost and could not easily find their way home to the nest.

It seems ants can definitely count their steps. Academic Vocabulary in Use 1 9 6 Phrasal verbs in academic English Although phrasal verbs occur most frequently in more informal spoken and written English, they are also not uncommon in an academic context. You will hear them used in lectures and will read them in serious journals.

Phrasal verbs and one-word synonyms Phrasal verbs often have one-word synonyms. These are usually of Latin origin and sound more formal than their phrasal verb equivalent but both are appropriate when writing or talking about academic subjects. Vary your language by using both. She wanted to work on 2 animal behaviour at a well-known institute in New Zealand. She set up 3 a series of experiments investigating how bees communicate.

She has noticed some curious behaviour patterns but has not yet worked out 4 why her bees behave as they do. What she has observed seems to go against 5 current theories of bee behaviour. When she has completed all her research she will have to write it all up 6. For example, a good dictionary tells you when the object can be used before the particle e.

Note that both versions of each sentence are equally appropriate. As part of my MA I've been doing some research on language acquisition. I've been working 1 how young children learn their mother tongue. I've been carrying 2 some experiments to see how much reading to young children affects their language development. I've had a great supervisor who has helped me set 3 my experiments and she's also pointed 4 lots of interesting things in my data that I hadn't noticed myself.

I'm busy writing my work 5 now and I think I should be able to put 6 some useful ideas. It's been really fascinating and I hope I may be able to go 7 to do a doctorate in the same field although I certainly never set 8 to do a PhD. Academic Vocabulary in Use 2 1 7 Key quantifying expressions Quantifying expressions are important in academic English as it is often necessary to comment on figures or trends. You will find more useful language for talking about numbers in Units 25 and 26 and in Reference 2, which focuses on measurement. A Number and amount Learners of English often choose the wrong noun relating to quantity.

However, you say a large number of a plural noun such as articles, books or words. B Other nouns relating to quantity The size of our survey was relatively small-scale. We sent out 2, questionnaires in total 1. Although a couple 2 of people did not respond, the bulk 3 of those sent questionnaires have completed them. The survey shows that, as a whole 4 , the population is becoming more aware of the importance of recycling. Only one of 5 our respondents said that he recycled less than he used to. C Comparing numbers and quantities expression example comment exceeding Results exceeding 5 cm were eliminated from the survey.

Young people are becoming less and less interested in politics. People are becoming more and more aware of the environment. Few [Not many] people enjoy X's music. A few [Some] people enjoy it We had little [not much] response to our survey. We had a little [some] response to our survey. Replace the underlined words to make them sound more appropriate for a written assignment. For some years now, scientists have been using a powerful new machine to recreate the conditions that existed at the birth of the universe. The machine generates a massive number of hot, dense, bursts of matter and energy, simulating what happened in the first few microseconds of the beginning of the universe.

After no more than ten microseconds, the particles of matter joined together, like water freezing into ice, forming the origin of more or less everything we see in the universe today. There have been a small number of studies investigating the impact of email on interpersonal communications. None of the studies has been large-scale but they suggest some interesting trends in patterns of email use.

From one of the older studies it seems that more and more people send in excess of 50 emails daily. Moreover, it appears that a substantial number of senior citizens use email a lot more frequently than younger people do. Find five quantifying expressions from one of your textbooks and write your own sentences using them.

The word set, for example, is one word with a particularly large number of distinctly different meanings. Words with several different academic meanings Many academic words have specific meanings according to their discipline. Channel, for example, has specific meanings in electronics, linguistics, biology, physics and geography.

So you will, of course, need a specialist dictionary for your own subject. If so, write it down with both or all its meanings in your vocabulary notebook.

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Change the form if necessary. For each underlined word give the meaning in the text and one other meaning. Use a dictionary to help you if necessary. A simulator showing how outbreaks of infection might spread around the world would be of great assistance in the struggle to contain such diseases. Researchers at the World Health Organization maintain that to effectively confront emerging infectious diseases, they need a significant amount of computing power. A global epidemic simulator would mimic climate simulators which monitor the movement of weather systems.

It would record where disease outbreaks occur , where they are heading and, crucially, would allow scientists to test out virtual mitigation measures to see which might work best on the ground. A neutron goes into a bar, orders a drink and asks bow much it will be. Look for some of the words in this unit and decide which meaning they have in your text. Academic Vocabulary in Use 25 t; Metaphors and idioms A metaphor is a way of using language which describes something by indirectly comparing it to something else with similar characteristics.

For example, you might say an academic 'attacks' or 'demolishes' someone's theory or argument, just as an army can attack an enemy or workers can demolish a building. If a metaphor is used so often that the original force of the comparison is lost then it may be called an idiom.

For example, people often use the idiom Tin snowed under with work at the moment'. Originally this was a metaphor based on the idea of a great deal of work having the characteristics of 'snow' deep, overwhelming everything else and making movement difficult. However, this expression has been used so frequently that it no longer gives people a mental picture of snow.

A Metaphors and idioms referring to light and darkness The present experimental data may shed new light on 1 the formation of the planets. Views on depression have changed in the light of 2 recent studies of the brain. Novelists, poets and essayists often use history to illuminate 3 their understanding of human behaviour. The book provides an illuminating discussion of how languages change. Animal models can be used to elucidate 4 basic principles of the developmental origins of adult diseases. The report revealed the glaring 5 discrepancy between patients' needs and what the health service can offer them, and highlighted 6 the need for a new approach.

The report shines a light on 7 the questions surrounding child care and provides crucial data. Substance abuse continues to destroy individuals and communities, and researchers remain in the dark 8 about what can ensure successful recovery from addiction. The book dealt with economic policy in the shadow of 9 the Civil War of We can also say cast or throw light on 2 because of 3 show more clearly something that is difficult to understand 4 explain or make clear from the Latin lucidus meaning 'clear' 5 something bad that is very obvious to glare means to shine too brightly 6 emphasised something important 7 focuses on 8 continue in a state of not knowing something 9 in a situation where something bad has happened or is happening B Metaphors and idioms referring to war and conflict Look at these extracts from lectures where the speakers use such metaphors and idioms.

But despite the apparent diversity of opinion, Lawrence's critics were united on what they saw as several 'In the last two poems we see the poet becoming increasingly detached from the material world, j retreating 1 more into his own mind than before. Frankin has recently moved away from the view that economic processes cannot be altered, and is now moving towards a different approach. Shutting ttoujn Alzheimer's The human brain is a remarkably complex organic computer, taking in a wide variety of sensory ex- periences, processing and storing this information, and recalling and integrating selected bits at the right moments.

The destruction caused by Alzheimer's disease has been likened to the erasure of a hard drive, beginning with the most recent files and working backward. As the illness progresses, old as well as new memories gradually disappear until even loved ones are no longer recognized.

Unfortunately, the computer analogy breaks down: The problem is that Alzheimer's does not only erase information; it destroys the very hardware of the brain, which is composed of more than billion nerve cells [neurons], with trillion connections among them. Look at some of the textbooks you use. Can you find any examples of metaphors or idioms there relating to light and darkness or war and conflict? Academic Vocabulary in Use 27 I Nouns and the words they combine with Nouns often combine with specific verbs, for example carry out research, pay attention, or with specific adjectives, for example medical research, undivided attention.

You can come into contact with someone or something or you can establish, maintain, break off or lose contact. Academics may engage in debate or contribute to a debate. You talk about the debate surrounding an issue.



You can combine, differentiate or discern [recognise] the elements of a chemical compound. You consume [use], conserve, generate [create], save or waste energy. Phenomena emerge or occur and students will try to observe, investigate and then explain those phenomena. Academics collect, collate [organise] and publish their results.

Sometimes results are questioned or invalidated [shown to be wrong]. Occasionally they are even falsified! Roles may be defined or strengthened. People or factors can play a role or take on a role. You can take or provide or analyse a sample. You can discover, devise [think up], work out or develop a way to do something.

Whenever you notice a noun that seems to be key as far as your own studies are concerned, write it down with the adjectives and verbs it is typically associated with. Change the form where necessary. A Adjectives suggesting importance vhich: Marx's contribution is of particular significance instead of Marx's contribution is very significant. Adjectives suggesting frequency Widespread means that something happens in many places or among many people. It often combines with such nouns as belief, acceptance, support, opposition, assumption, use.

For example, There is widespread support for government policy in urban areas. Common can mean frequent. With this meaning it often combines with such nouns as experience, practice, use, concern. For example, It is increasingly common practice for UK teenagers to take a gap year before entering university. Note that common can also mean 'shared' and as such it combines with knowledge, ground, feature, interest.

For example, There is much common ground between the two writers. Specific means relating to one thing and not to things in general. It often combines with context, information, case, type, form, purpose, characteristics, conditions, example. For example, The reaction occurs only under specific conditions. Other useful adjective and noun combinations Inevitable is often used with words relating to results or changes such as consequence, outcome, collapse, decline, conflict, effect, developments, [unavoidable] Explicit combines with words relating to how things are presented, e.

I Look at these statements about some academics. Complete each sentence with an appropriate adjective or noun. There may be more than one answer. Three of her five books were on the subject. Write them in the table. Use a lygg dictionary if necessary. Adapt them for use in an academic article by replacing the phrases in bold.

In each case use an adjective from the box combined with a noun from Academic Vocabulary in Use 3 I 12 Verbs and the words they combine with How verbs combine with other words You should note a number of things about verbs in an academic context, in particular: The theory is mainly based on the writer's initial study. The word is commonly associated with youth culture. Sim's article discusses the issue thoroughly.

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Lopez conclusively establishes a relationship between the two phenomena. Our aim is to thoroughly examine the effects of stress. Harvey's work convincingly demonstrates the need for a new approach to the problem. Crowley during the ls. The article clearly identifies the factors influencing the decision to go to war. Parks poses a challenge to Kahn's theory. The article suggests a new approach to the problem. Remember, we say based on, NOT based i n. Note the word order used on the opposite page. The world is facing a looming water crisis.

Disputes over allocation have steadily increased in the last decade, and demand has grown rapidly. If we take no action now, new conflicts are likely to occur periodically around the world. At the moment, instead of seeking solutions which directly address multiple needs, countries focus a little too narrowly on local issues and typically opt for expensive and inferior solutions.

What is needed are decisions which can be quickly implemented and a debate which will seriously consider more than the short term needs of individual states. Academic Vocabulary in Use 33 J 13 Prepositional phrases Notice the prepositional phrases in the texts below. In comparison with 2 previous works on the semi-colon, this is a very substantial volume. In addition to the main text tbere are a number of appendices. These are to some extent 3 the most useful parts of the book as, in line with 4 modern linguistic practice, they provide a wealth of real data.

In spite of 5 its potentially dry topic, the book contains many fascinating examples, in the sections dealing with the history of the semi-colon in particular. With the exception of 6 the final chapter, this book may be of some interest to the general reader as well as the specialist but on the whole 7 is mainly for those who have a professional interest in punctuation marks. Now, at this stage 1 in the proceedings it's my pleasure to introduce our speaker tonight, Dr Anna Klein, the country's leading family history specialist. Anna, I'd like to welcome you on behalf of 2 all our members.

My own interest in the subject came about as a result of discovering some old letters in the attic at home. I found them by chance 3. They'd been written by some relatives who'd emigrated to Canada a hundred years or so before and for me, as a ten-year-old then, they were by far 4 the most exciting things I had ever read. They were, for the most part 5 , extremely well-written and, from then on, I was determined to learn as much as I could about my family. In other words 6 , I had started out on my genealogical journey.

In some ways, T was very lucky. I was able to collect quite a bit of key family information on the basis of the old letters and this enabled me to track down some relations living in Montreal. They, in turn, provided some contacts with Australian cousins and so it continued. In the process, I've learnt a great deal, not only about my own family, but also in terms of 7 how to approach tracing one's family.

In most respects 8 it's been a thoroughly enjoyable adventure though there have been some difficult moments On the one hand flying is much more convenient than going by train, but on the other hand, train travel is often much more interesting. J Professor Soltero said that, line government guidelines, the researchers had consulted local people. J the exception one study in , no major research had been carried out till f now, Dr Peters stated.

A spokesperson for the drug company said that, f stage, it is too early to make f strong claims about the drug. Lauren Charles said that, whole, social conditions had improved since the report, especially terms jobs and housing for the poorer sectors. The Professor said that he was delighted to accept the award behalf the whole university.

In each sentence there is one error in the use of a prepositional phrase.

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From then in, scientists and the public have been fascinated by these creatures. In accordance to beliefs at that time, the initial discovery was thought to be the bone of a human giant. However, in , a scientist, William Buckland, calculated that the bone belonged to a metre, flesh-eating reptile and named it Megalosaurus, on the process giving us the first of the wonderful list of exotic names for dinosaurs. The 17th century discovery had, on turn, led to a series of further finds around that time.

All these at a greater or lesser extent confirmed Buckland's theories. For far the biggest dinosaur discovered to date was probably over 40 metres long. To the most part, dinosaurs ranged from the size of a chicken to that of a giraffe. At most respects, what we know about their habits is still very limited. What we do know is at least on some extent based on pure speculation. Use a dictionary to find an example sentence using each of these phrases: Write them out and then add one more sentence for each one relating to your own academic discipline.

Academic Vocabulary in Use 35 14 Verbs and prepositions Verbs with on - sentences from academic articles Chapter 1 of Huang's book focuses on violent human behaviour. In this section I concentrate on the economic aspects of immigration. OK, let's turn to the more difficult cases that I mentioned earlier. How should a doctor respond to a patient who doesn't consent to treatment when it seems to be essential?

Malaria poses a major health risk to people who are exposed to infection where malaria is common. When you're planning a questionnaire, you shou always attend to 3 design issues such as the number of questions and how clear they are. We can't really say that an increase in inflation of two per cent amounts to 4 an economic crisis, and I refer here to some recent stories in the media which are highly exaggerated and which can be traced to 5 a deep misunderstanding of how inflation operates. Note also that these verbs are often used in the passive, as in the second example.

We try to equip our laboratories with the latest technology. Heart disease is often associated with unhealthy life styles. The study emphasiseslstresses the need for more controlled experiments to back up the conclusions. Divide is followed by into NOT divide in. The subjects were divided into three groups. Academic Vocabulary in Use Exercises Put the words in the right order to make sentences. Use the punctuation to help you. Change the form of the verb if necessary. All of them have errors connected with prepositions. Academic Vocabulary in Use 37 I 5 Nouns and prepositions A Groups of related nouns sharing prepositions Sometimes groups of nouns with related meanings share the same prepositions.

She wrote a dissertation on 2 teenage slang in New York- research see also B , investigation, inquiry into Kelly conducted an investigation into the origins of international terrorism. One difficulty with this approach is that a set of results may allow different interpretations. Nouns commonly associated with particular prepositions You can also learn the nouns which most frequently come before a particular preposition. Some of these are in A above. The following examples are all titles of academic articles.

In questions 4 and 5, more than one answer is possible. Have you read it? There may be more than one mistake per sentence. He questioned the assumptions under much of the previous research. The possible ecological effects of climate change are often in the news, as is the matter of whether the potential impact can be predicted. New work on a migratory 1 bird, the pied flycatcher, takes things a stage further by showing how a climate-related population decline was actually caused.

Over the past 17 years flycatchers declined strongly in areas where caterpillar 2 numbers food for the nestlings 3 peak early, but in areas with a late food peak there was no decline. The young birds arrive too late in places where caterpillars have already responded to early warmth. Mistiming like this is probably a common consequence of climate change, and may be a major factor in the decline of many long-distance migratory bird species.

This unit looks at some of the most useful ones. Number, quantity, degree Look at these comments written by a college teacher on assignments handed in by her students. Note the expressions in bold. C- [ the topic to solute extent. Well, I think on the whole parents should take more responsibility for their kids. Yes, with respect to 1 home life, yes, but in the case of violence, surely the wider community is involved, isn't it? I mean, for the purposes of our discussions about social stability, everyone's involved, aren't they?

Yes, but in general I don't think people want to get involved in violent incidents, as a rule at least. They get scared off. But as far as general discipline is concerned, don't you think it's a community-wide issue? I mean discipline as regards 2 everyday actions, with the exception of school discipline. What do you think, in terms of public life, Tariq? I think the community as a whole does care about crime and discipline and things, but for the most part they see violence as something that is outside of them, you know, not their direct responsibility.

So, let's consider the topic in more detail 3 , 1 mean from the point of view of violence and aggression specifically in schools. Let's look at some extracts from the American Medical Association's report on bullying. They're on the handout. At the same time, tax rate reductions were beginning to have an effect. Joslav used an eight-point scale in the questionnaire, as opposed to 1 a four-point one, by means of which he showed that attitudes covered a very wide range, in the sense that the results were spread very evenly over all eight points.

It's very difficult to interpret these data. Be that as it may 2 , there is some evidence of a decline in frequency. For this reason, we decided to repeat the experiment. In addition to surveying the literature on population movements, we also reviewed work carried out on family names in five regions. A For the purposes of B In the sense that C From the point of view of 2 There is some evidence of an improvement in the economy but, , there is unlikely to be much change before next year.

A for this reason B as a rule C be that as it may 3 I'd like to consider education industry. A in the case of B from the point of view of C with the exception of 4 I'm not sure you agree with Qian's theory. A by means of which B to what extent C as regards 5 We will now discuss the development of the Surrealist Movement A on the whole B to some extent C in more detail I 6. Institutions following the US system have different processes, which are usually described on their web pages.

Getting information Read this information about preparing an application for postgraduate study. What should I do first? Do all you can to learn about the careers' that will be open to you after studying - and what qualifications you will need in order to get the job you want. What qualifications do I need for postgraduate study? A first degree is required to study at postgraduate level. The specific entry requirements for each course of study are listed on the individual course pages. If needed, clarification 2 may be sought 3 from the department you are applying to. Your performance in previous schooling is very important to your application profile 4.

What are the requirements for international students? In addition to the general admission requirements, international applicants must submit 5: Are any grants 8 or scholarships 9 available for international students? Visit our International Office pages for details. Tania is applying to study at Wanstow University. Hi Liam, At last I've filled in my application form and sent it off. As well as all my personal details they wanted the names of two referees 1 , financial guarantees 2 , and I had to attach a personal statement saying why I wanted to go to Wanstow.

Anyway, the deadline 3 is next Friday, then the website said they'd take about six weeks to process 4 the application after they acknowledge 5 it, then I might be called for 6 an interview. By that time the references have to be in. I'm just hoping that because I'm a mature student 7 1 might have a good chance of being offered a place - Wanstow has a lot of mature students and they have a strong equal opportunities policy 8.

The fees 9 are pretty high, but I can get a student loan 10 if I get in". Love, Tania 1 person who knows you and who is willing to describe and, usually, praise you, to support your application 2 formal acceptance of financial responsibility and ability to pay e. Answer in full sentences using, where possible, some of the vocabulary from the opposite page. The first letter of each word is given to help you. Hi Miles, I'd love a c as an international lawyer and am really hoping I can g in to Wanstow University to do a p g course in law there.

I've f in all the necessary forms and just hope that my academic p. I think I fulfil all their e r but who knows! It took me ages to get the t. Lucia Look at the website of any English-speaking university that interests you. What information do they provide about applying to that university? Make a note of any other useful vocabulary you find there. AcademicVocabulary in Use 43 College and university: Essence of Anesthesiology Practice makes it easy to formulate anesthesia plans through a consistent format and discussions of the problems, causes, comorbidities, and anesthesia implications for over clinical topics.

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