The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 9 (of 12) Dresden Edition—Political

For a time, Rev. John Ingersoll filled the pulpit for American revivalist Charles G.

Finney while Finney was on a tour of Europe. Upon Finney's return, Rev.

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The elder Ingersoll's later pastoral experiences influenced young Robert negatively, however, as The Elmira Telegram described in Though for many years the most noted of American infidels, Colonel Ingersoll was born and reared in a devoutly Christian household. His father, John Ingersoll, was a Congregationalist minister and a man of mark in his time, a deep thinker, a logical and eloquent speaker, broad minded and generously tolerant of the views of others. The popular impression which credits Ingersoll's infidelity in the main to his father's severe orthodoxy and the austere and gloomy surroundings in which his boyhood was spent is wholly wrong.

On the contrary the elder Ingersoll's liberal views were a source of constant trouble between him and his narrow-minded parishioners. They caused him to frequently change his charges, and several times made him the defendant in church trials. His ministerial career was, in fact, substantially brought to a close by a church trial which occurred while he was pastor of the Congregational Church at Madison, Ohio, and at which his third wife appeared as prosecutor.

Upon this occasion he was charged with prevarication and unministerial conduct.

The evidence adduced—the trial is one of the abiding traditions of the dull little town of Madison—was of the most trivial and ridiculous character, but the committee which heard it decided that though he had done "nothing inconsistent with his Christian character," he was "inconsistent with his ministerial character," and forbade him to preach in the future. Elder John went before the higher church authorities and was permitted to continue his clerical labors. However, he soon removed to Wisconsin, going from there to Illinois, where he died. The Madison trial occurred when young Robert was nine years old, and it was the unjust and bigoted treatment his father received which made him the enemy, first of Calvinism, and later of Christianity in its other forms.

McBane , do the "greater part of the teaching, while Latin and history occupied his own attention". At some point prior to his Metropolis position, Ingersoll had also taught school in Mount Vernon, Illinois. Later that year, the family settled in Marion, Illinois , where Robert and his brother Ebon Clarke Ingersoll were admitted to the bar in A county historian writing 22 years later noted that local residents considered the Ingersolls as a "very intellectual family; but, being Abolitionists, and the boys being deists , rendered obnoxious to our people in that respect.

In , after Cunningham was named registrar for the federal land office in southeastern Illinois at Shawneetown, Illinois , Ingersoll followed him to the riverfront city along the Ohio River. After a short time there he took the deputy clerk position with John E. Hall , the county clerk and circuit clerk of Gallatin County, and also a son-in-law of John Hart Crenshaw. When he moved to Shawneetown, he continued to read law under Judge William G. Bowman who had a large library of both law and the classics.

In addition to his job as a clerk, he and his brother opened their law practice under the name "E. As attorneys following the court circuit he often practiced alongside Cunningham's soon-to-be son-in-law, John A. Logan , the state's attorney and political ally to Hall. As the trial of Hall's assassin dominated the scene and with his earlier mentor Cunningham having moved back to Marion following the land office's closing in , and Logan's move to Benton, Illinois , after his marriage that fall, Ingersoll and his brother moved to Peoria, Illinois , where they finally settled in Ingersoll was married, February 13, , to Eva Amelia Parker They had two daughters.

Ingersoll was a great believer in the importance of family life. The regiment fought in the Battle of Shiloh. Ingersoll was later captured, then released on his promise that he would not fight again, which was common practice early in the war. After the war, he served as Illinois Attorney General. He was a prominent member of the Republican Party and, though he never held an elected position, he was nonetheless an active participant in politics.

According to Robert Nisbet , Ingersoll was a "staunch conservative Republican. Blaine for the presidential election was unsuccessful, as Rutherford B. Hayes received the Republican nomination, but the speech itself, known as the "Plumed Knight" speech, was considered a model of political oratory. Franklin Roosevelt probably used it as a model for his "Happy Warrior" speech when nominating Alfred E. Smith for president in His radical views on religion , slavery , woman's suffrage , and other issues of the day effectively prevented him from ever pursuing or holding political offices higher than that of state attorney general.

Illinois Republicans tried to pressure him into running for governor on the condition that Ingersoll conceal his agnosticism during the campaign, which he refused to do on the basis that concealing information from the public was immoral. Ingersoll was involved in several prominent trials as an attorney, notably the Star Route trials, a major political scandal in which his clients were acquitted.

He also defended a New Jersey man charged with blasphemy. Although he did not win acquittal, his vigorous defense is considered to have discredited blasphemy laws and few other prosecutions followed. He was nicknamed " The Great Agnostic ".

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II in 12 volumes: One hundred years ago, our fathers retired the gods from politics. The Declaration of Independence is the grandest, the bravest, and the profoundest political document that was ever signed by the representatives of a people. It is the embodiment of physical and moral courage and of political wisdom. Misattributed [ edit ] [O]ur forefathers retired God from politics….

The Declaration of Independence announces the sublime truth that all power comes from the people.

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This was a denial, and the first denial of a nation, of the infamous dogma that God confers the right upon one man to govern others…. Our fathers founded the first secular government that was ever founded in this world. Misquoted by David Barton in Original Intent , splicing part of Individuality into a misquote of Centennial Oration see above.