Pourquoi les thérapies énergétiques fonctionnent (French Edition)

Placez les mains, avec les paumes vers le bas, sur vos cuisses. Fermez doucement les yeux si vous le souhaitez ou utilisez un regard vers le bas. Connecter avec le Tan tien. Voyez le Tan Tien comme un charbon ardent de la taille de votre poing. Laissez la colonne en place. Ramenez votre attention sur le Tan Tien et connecter avec lui de nouveau.

Ramenez votre attention sur le Tan Tien et reconnecter avec lui de nouveau. The Hara Alignment Meditation technique takes approximately 5 minutes and can be done sitting at your desk before starting your daily work or before attending a meeting. To balance your energy field, to prevent or reduce tension, fatigue and stress and to bring back inner peace.

The Japanese's traditional expression "Standing in Hara" refers to the following characteristics: Hara means "stomac" in Japanese To learn to listen and think with our stomac Tan tien means center of gravity. Place both feet on the floor and be sure that your back is straight. Place the hands, with the palms down, on your thighs. Movement is permitted during the meditation if needed. Be sure to keep yourself comfortable. Gently close your eyes if you wish or use a downward gaze. Look down and inward, inside.

Follow the energy to the Tan tien located in the lower part of the abdomen. Connect with the Tan tien. See the Tan tien as a glowing coal about the size of your fist. From the Tan tien draw an imaginary column of light downward through the layers of the earth into the center core of the earth. Anchor the column of light to the center core of the earth. Leave the column in place. Bring your attention back to the Tan tien and connect with it again.

Visualize a column of light moving upward inside in front of the spinal column from the Tan tien through the top of your head and way up to the North Star.

Anchor the column of light to the North Star. Bring back your attention to the Tan tien and connect with it again. Begin to expand the Tan tien slowly outward in all directions. Expand the Tan tien untill it envelops your whole physical body. Finally, visualize the Tan tien as a big cocoon of white and golden light surrounding your body. Le blog de Carolji Forgues. Whether it takes place on the collective level or on an individual basis, healing calls upon a deep-seated respect for the lifelong experiences, convictions and certainties of all those concerned.

In a spirit of respect and recognition, we wish to share with you our thoughts on the subject of Community Healing. The response given was a recognition of the historical facts. The offering of regrets was too much to ask for. It is impossible for us to turn the page. July 28 of each year will never commemorate the healing of our wound. Instead, it will serve as a memorial to the wound itself as long as the Crown does not demonstrate a more significant sentiment.

Often, strong emotions emerge from this awakening process giving rise to a desire to name the culprits, to backslide into judgement and to summon up excuses. By doing so, we express and reveal our distress by displaying outwardly the emotional suffering confined within ourselves. At this point, it may be tempting to turn away from the responsibility of our own healing. The enduring memory of the Great Deportation within the collective imagination of the Acadian people is compelling evidence that a wound so deeply anchored in the depths of the core of their collective identity seems to overshadow the efforts to heal the trauma.

Therefore, the question being raised is how can a community heal itself from such a painful episode of its past?

• Whole (Oberon Plays for Younger People).
• An independent expertise center.
• Le blog de Carolji Forgues.
• Numéros en texte intégral;
• Qu’estce qu’une Translocation ?!
• Beauty Is a Beast (Dealing With the Dead Book 2).
• Las Vegas Soul.

How can healing occur between those who cultivate the memory of the traumatic event to the point where it has become the founding act of the Acadie, and those who maintain that grasping the full potential of the present requires that we cease to call forth this past occurrence? This leads us to ask if there is a true healing intention? In this work, Caroline Myss examines why some people do not heal.

According to Myss, often times, the wound or trauma gives a life purpose to those who define themselves by the wound and who then develop a language around it. These individuals move from one therapy to another in search of a healing solution but they do not heal. Metaphorically, it is like getting on board a healing vessel yet instead of crossing to the other bank, one instead sails in circles in the middle of the river. Their wound becomes the reason for which they bond with others.

A network of friendships and acquaintances is created around the wound thus offering the individual a life direction while contributing to the definition of their self-identity. To be published as approved benchmarks, the experiments must be evaluated against agreed technical criteria and reviewed by the IRPhE Technical Review Group. A total of of the evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining five evaluations are published as draft documents only. New to the handbook is the evaluation of the CERES Phase II validation of fission product poisoning through reactivity worth measurements, which includes 13 fission products.

The front cover of this year? The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident has had an impact on the development of nuclear power around the world. While the accident was followed by thorough technical assessments of the safety of all operating nuclear power plants, and a general increase in safety requirements has been observed worldwide, national policy responses have been more varied. These responses have ranged from countries phasing out or accelerating decisions to phase out nuclear energy to countries reducing their reliance on nuclear power or on the contrary continuing to pursue or expand their nuclear power programmes.

This study examines changes to policies, and plans and attempts to distinguish the impact of the Fukushima Daiichi accident from other factors that have affected policymaking in relation to nuclear energy, in particular electricity market economics, financing challenges and competition from other sources gas, coal and renewables. It also examines changes over time to long-term, quantitative country projections, which reveal interesting trends on the possible role of nuclear energy in future energy systems.

Worldwide consensus exists within the international community that geological repositories can provide the necessary long-term safety and security to isolate long-lived radioactive waste from the human environment over long timescales. Such repositories are also feasible to construct using current technologies.

However, proving the technical merits and safety of repositories, while satisfying societal and political requirements, has been a challenge in many countries. Building upon the success of previous conferences held in Denver , Stockholm , Berne and Toronto , the ICGR brought together high-level decision makers from regulatory and local government bodies, waste management organisations and public stakeholder communities to review current perspectives of geological repository development.

This publication provides a synthesis of the conference on continued engagement and safe implementation of repositories, which was designed to promote information and experience sharing, particularly in the development of polices and regulatory frameworks. Repository safety, and the planning and implementation of repository programmes with societal involvement, as well as ongoing work within different international organisations, were also addressed at the conference. Better sooner rather than later"; "Brexit, Euratom and nuclear proliferation"; and "McMunn et al. The long road to dismissal".

Communication has a specific role to play in the development of deep geological repositories. Building trust with the stakeholders involved in this process, particularly within the local community, is key for effective communication between the authorities and the public. There are also clear benefits to having technical experts hone their communication skills and having communication experts integrated into the development process. This report has compiled lessons from both failures and successes in communicating technical information to non-technical audiences.

It addresses two key questions in particular: The project quickly became an international effort as scientists from other interested countries became involved. This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirements and placement.

Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; however, these do not constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data. The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data are given in nine volumes. New to the handbook are 15 critical experiments with highly enriched uranium in an iron matrix performed to support the design of a repetitively pulsed reactor called the Sorgenta Rapida Reactor SORA at the Eurotom Research Centre in Ispra, Italy.

A photograph of this experiment assembly is shown on the front cover. Information provided by governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies and fuel cycle developments, as well as projections of nuclear generating capacity and electricity production to , where available. Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants increased slightly in , by 0.

Two new units were connected to the grid in , in Russia and Korea; two reactors returned to operation in Japan under the new regulatory regime; and seven reactors were officially shut down - five in Japan, one in Germany and one in the United Kingdom. Governments committed to having nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for developing or increasing nuclear generating capacity, with the preparation of new build projects progressing in Finland, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire Les Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'energie nucleaire, presentent la situation de l'energie nucleaire dans les pays membres de l'AEN et dans la zone de l'OCDE.

Les informations communiquees par les gouvernements comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance installee, la production d'electricite totale et nucleaire, les politiques nucleaires, les evolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en de la puissance nucleaire et de la production d'electricite.

Deux nouveaux reacteurs ont ete raccordes au reseau en Russie et en Coree, deux reacteurs ont ete remis en service au Japon, ou un nouveau regime de surete est en vigueur, et sept reacteurs ont ete mis officiellement et definitivement a l'arret - cinq au Japon, un en Allemagne et un au Royaume-Uni. Les pays decides a inclure le nucleaire dans leur bouquet energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets de developpement ou d'augmentation de la puissance nucleaire installee, et ont realise des avancees dans de futurs projets de construction en Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie.

Although a valuable commodity, declining market prices for uranium in recent years, driven by uncertainties concerning evolutions in the use of nuclear power, have led to the postponement of mine development plans in a number of countries and to some questions being raised about future uranium supply.

This 26th edition of the "Red Book", a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the Nuclear Energy Agency NEA and the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA , provides analyses and information from 49 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. Recent interest in small modular reactors SMRs is being driven by a desire to reduce the total capital costs associated with nuclear power plants and to provide power to small grid systems.

According to estimates available today, if all the competitive advantages of SMRs were realised, including serial production, optimised supply chains and smaller financing costs, SMRs could be expected to have lower absolute and specific per-kWe construction costs than large reactors. Although the economic parameters of SMRs are not yet fully determined, a potential market exists for this technology, particularly in energy mixes with large shares of renewables.

This report assesses the size of the market for SMRs that are currently being developed and that have the potential to broaden the ways of deploying nuclear power in different parts of the world. The study focuses on light water SMRs that are expected to be constructed in the coming decades and that strongly rely on serial, factory-based production of reactor modules. State of Affairs in the International Legal Framework". It is important to understand the costs of decommissioning projects in order to develop realistic cost estimates as early as possible based on preliminary decommissioning plans, but also to develop funding mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered.

Sound financial provisions need to be accumulated early on to reduce the potential risk for residual, unfunded liabilities and the burden on future generations, while ensuring environmental protection. Decommissioning planning can be subject to considerable uncertainties, particularly in relation to potential changes in financial markets, in energy policies or in the conditions and requirements for decommissioning individual nuclear installations, and such uncertainties need to be reflected in regularly updated cost estimates.

This booklet offers a useful overview of the relevant aspects of financing the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. It provides information on cost estimation for decommissioning, as well as details about funding mechanisms and the management of funds based on current practice in NEA member countries. The Nuclear Energy Agency carried out an independent peer review of Japan's siting process and criteria for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in May The review concluded that Japan's site screening process is generally in accordance with international practices.

As the goal of the siting process is to locate a site -- that is both appropriate and accepted by the community -- to host a geological disposal facility for high-level radioactive waste, the international review team emphasises in this report the importance of maintaining an open dialogue and interaction between the regulator, the implementer and the public. Dialogue should begin in the early phases and continue throughout the siting process.

The international review team also underlines the importance of taking into account feasibility aspects when selecting a site for preliminary investigations, but suggests that it would be inappropriate to set detailed scientific criteria for nationwide screening at this stage. The team has provided extensive advisory remarks in the report as opportunities for improvement, including the recommendation to use clear and consistent terminology in defining the site screening criteria as it is a critical factor in a successful siting process.

Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or to the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method s. To help improve this situation, the Nuclear Energy Agency proposed to develop a methodology that would ensure consistency of national radioactive waste inventory data when presenting them in a common scheme.

This report provides such a methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and for waste arising from reprocessing. The extension of the methodology and presenting scheme to other types of radioactive waste and corresponding management strategies is envisaged in a second phase. Nuclear sites around the world are being decommissioned and remedial actions are being undertaken to enable sites, or parts of sites, to be reused. Although such activities are relatively straightforward for most sites, experience has suggested that preventative action is needed to minimise the impact of remediation activities on the environment and the potential burden to future generations.

Removing all contamination in order to make a site suitable for any use generates waste and has associated environmental, social and economic drawbacks and benefits. Site remediation should thus be sustainable and result in an overall net benefit. This report draws on recent experience of NEA member countries in nuclear site remediation during decommissioning in order to identify strategic considerations for the sustainable remediation of subsurface contamination — predominantly contaminated soil and groundwater — to describe good practice, and to make recommendations for further research and development.

It provides insights for the decision makers, regulators, implementers and stakeholders involved in nuclear site decommissioning so as to ensure the sustainable remediation of nuclear sites, now and in the future.

Since the discovery of radiation at the end of the 19th century, the health effects of exposure to radiation have been studied more than almost any other factor with potential effects on human health. The NEA has long been involved in discussions on the effects of radiation exposure, releasing two reports in and on radiological protection science. This report is the third in this state-of-the-art series, examining recent advances in the understanding of radiation risks and effects, particularly at low doses.

It focuses on radiobiology and epidemiology, and also addresses the social science aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. The report summarises the status of, and issues arising from, the application of the International System of Radiological Protection to different types of prevailing circumstances. While refurbishments for the long-term operation of nuclear power plants and for the lifetime extension of such plants have been widely pursued in recent years, the number of plants to be decommissioned is nonetheless expected to increase in future, particularly in the United States and Europe.

It is thus important to understand the costs of decommissioning so as to develop coherent and cost-effective strategies, realistic cost estimates based on decommissioning plans from the outset of operations and mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered.

This study presents the results of an NEA review of the costs of decommissioning nuclear power plants and of overall funding practices adopted across NEA member countries. The study is based on the results of this NEA questionnaire, on actual decommissioning costs or estimates, and on plans for the establishment and management of decommissioning funds. Case studies are included to provide insight into decommissioning practices in a number of countries. Countries around the world continue to implement safety improvements and corrective actions based on lessons learnt from the 11 March accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

This report provides a high-level summary and update on these activities, and outlines further lessons learnt and challenges identified for future consideration. It focuses on actions taken by NEA committees and NEA member countries, and as such is complementary to reports produced by other international organisations.

It is in a spirit of openness and transparency that NEA member countries share this information to illustrate that appropriate actions are being taken to maintain and enhance the level of safety at their nuclear facilities. Nuclear power plants are safer today because of these actions. High priority follow-on items identified by NEA committees are provided to assist countries in continuously benchmarking and improving their nuclear safety practices. The fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that activities related to the peaceful use of nuclear energy are carried out in a safe manner within their respective countries.

Qu’est ce qu’un Sarcome d’Ewing ?

In order to effectively achieve this objective, the nuclear regulatory body requires specific characteristics, one of which is a healthy safety culture. This regulatory guidance report describes five principles that support the safety culture of an effective nuclear regulatory body. These principles concern leadership for safety, individual responsibility and accountability, co-operation and open communication, a holistic approach, and continuous improvement, learning and self-assessment. The report also addresses some of the challenges to a regulatory body's safety culture that must be recognised, understood and overcome.

It provides a unique resource to countries with existing, mature regulators and can be used for benchmarking as well as for training and developing staff. It will also be useful for new entrant countries in the process of developing and maintaining an effective nuclear safety regulator. Defence in depth DiD is a concept that has been used for many years alongside tools to optimise nuclear safety in reactor design, assessment and regulation. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident provided unique insight into nuclear safety issues and raised questions about the tools used at nuclear power plants, including the effectiveness of the DiD concept, and whether DiD can be enhanced and its implementation improved.

Le blog de Carolji Forgues

This regulatory guidance booklet examines and provides advice on the implementation of DiD. A key observation is that the use of the DiD concept remains valid after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Indeed, lessons learnt from the accident, and the accident? This report is intended primarily for nuclear regulatory bodies, although information included herein is expected to be of interest to licensees, nuclear industry organisations and the general public.

Feature articles in this issue include? Treaty implementation applied to conventions on nuclear safety? Regulatory reform in the wake of nuclear accidents?. Radioactive waste management is embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, risk management, energy, health policy and sustainability. In all these fields, there is an increasing demand for public involvement and engagement. This update of Stakeholder Involvement Techniques: Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography, assists practitioners and non-specialists by outlining the steps and issues associated with stakeholder involvement in decision making and by facilitating access to useful online resources handbooks, toolboxes and case studies.

The updated guide has been considerably enriched with experiences since and includes extensive references to the literature. It is published alongside the release of an online annotated bibliography that will be updated regularly. Example calculations are presented; however, these calculations do not constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.

The dissemination of knowledge

A photograph of this experiment is shown on the front cover. In the field of long-term radioactive waste management, projects to construct repositories normally last from decades to centuries. Such projects will inevitably have an effect on the host community from the planning stage to the end of construction and beyond. The key to a long-lasting and positive relationship between a site and its host community is ensuring that solutions are reached together throughout the entire process. The sustainability of radioactive waste management solutions can potentially be achieved through design and implementation of a facility that provides added cultural and amenity value, as well as economic opportunities, to the local community.

Adding Value Through Design and Process highlights new innovations in siting processes and in facility design — functional, cultural and physical — from different countries, which could be of added value to host communities and their sites in the short to long term. These new features are examined from the perspective of sustainability, with a focus on increasing the likelihood that people will both understand the facility and its functions, and remember what is located at the site.

This update by the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence will be beneficial in designing paths forward for local or regional communities, as well as for national radioactive waste management programmes.

Les premiers « replieurs » français : Michel Goldberg à l’Institut Pasteur et Jeannine Yon à Orsay

Feature articles in this issue include "Entry into force of the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage: Opening the umbrella"; "Towards a new international framework for nuclear safety: Developments from Fukushima to Vienna"; "Nuclear arbitration: The conference was attended by approximately participants from 17 countries and 3 international organisations.

Participants included specialists from the radioactive waste management area and beyond, academics in the fields of archaeology, communications, cultural heritage, geography and history, as well as artists, archivists, representatives from local heritage societies and from communities that could host a radioactive waste repository. The global response to address climate change is a key policy challenge of the 21st century.

Many governments around the world have agreed that action should be taken to achieve large cuts in greenhouse gas GHG emissions over the coming decades, to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to ensure the necessary financial and technical support for developing countries to take action. This brochure describes the role that nuclear energy can play in helping to combat climate change, and sets that role in the context of all low-carbon electricity sources, with specific references to renewables.

Information provided by member country governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies and fuel cycle developments, as well as projected generating capacity and electricity production to , where available. Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants increased slightly in , by 1. Les Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'energie nucleaire, presentent la situation de l'energie nucleaire dans les pays de l'OCDE.

Les informations communiquees par les pouvoirs publics des pays membres de l'OCDE comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance nucleaire installee, la production d'electricite totale et nucleaire, les politiques nucleaires, les evolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en de la puissance nucleaire et de la production d'electricite. Aucun nouveau reacteur n'a ete connecte au reseau dans les pays de l'OCDE, et un reacteur, aux Etats-Unis, a ete mis definitivement a l'arret.

Les pays decides a inclure le nucleaire dans leur bouquet energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets de developper ou d'augmenter la puissance nucleaire installee, avec des avancees dans de futurs projets de construction en Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie. As policy makers work to ensure that the power supply is reliable, secure and affordable, while making it increasingly clean and sustainable in the context of the debate on climate change, it is becoming more crucial that they understand what determines the relative cost of electricity generation using fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable sources of energy.

A wide range of fuels and technologies are presented in the report, including natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, onshore and offshore wind, biomass and biogas, geothermal, and combined heat and power, drawing on a database from surveys of investment and operating costs that include a larger number of countries than previous editions. The analysis of more than plants, based on data covering 22 countries, reveals several key trends, pointing, for example, to a significant decline in recent years in the cost of renewable generation. The report also reveals that nuclear energy costs remain in line with the cost of other baseload technologies, particularly in markets that value decarbonisation.

Overall, cost drivers of the different generating technologies remain both market-specific and technology-specific. Readers will find a wealth of details and analysis, supported by over figures and tables, underlining this report's value as a tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies, climate change and the evolution of power sectors around the world.

Heavy liquid metals such as lead or lead-bismuth have been proposed and investigated as coolants for fast reactors since the s. More recently, there has been renewed interest worldwide in the use of these materials to support the development of systems for the transmutation of radioactive waste. Heavy liquid metals are also under evaluation as a reactor core coolant and accelerator-driven system neutron spallation source.

In , a first edition of the handbook was published to provide deeper insight into the properties and experimental results in relation to lead and lead-bismuth eutectic technology and establish a common database. This handbook remains a reference and is a valuable tool for designers and researchers with an interest in heavy liquid metals. Since the beginning of the nuclear era, significant scientific attention has been given to thorium's potential as a nuclear fuel. Although the thorium fuel cycle has never been fully developed, the opportunities and challenges that might arise from the use of thorium in the nuclear fuel cycle are still being studied in many countries and in the context of diverse international programmes around the world.

This report provides a scientific assessment of thorium's potential role in nuclear energy both in the short to longer term, addressing diverse options, potential drivers and current impediments to be considered if thorium fuel cycles are to be pursued. Nuclear new build has been progressing steadily since the year , with the construction of 94 new reactors initiated and 56 completed reactors connected to the grid.

Drawing on a combination of conceptual analysis, expert opinion and seven in-depth case studies, this report provides policymakers and stakeholders with an overview of the principal challenges facing nuclear new build today, as well as ways to address and overcome them. It focuses on the most important challenges of building a new nuclear power plant, namely assembling the conditions necessary to successfully finance and manage highly complex construction processes and their supply chains.

Different projects have chosen different paths, but they nonetheless share a number of features. Financing capital-intensive nuclear new build projects requires, for example, the long-term stabilisation of electricity prices whether through tariffs, power purchase agreements or contracts for difference. In construction, the global convergence of engineering codes and quality standards would also promote both competition and public confidence.

In addition, change management, early supply chain planning and "soft issues" such as leadership, team building and trust have emerged over and again as key factors in the new build construction process. This report looks at ongoing trends in these areas and possible ways forward. Several approaches are currently being used for decommissioning cost estimations, with an international culture developing in the field. The present cost estimation practice guide was prepared in order to offer international actors specific guidance in preparing quality cost and schedule estimates to support detailed budgeting for decommissioning implementation, for the preparation of decommissioning plans and for the securing of funds.

This guide is based on current practices and standards in a number of NEA member countries and aims to help consolidate the practice and process of decommissioning cost estimation so as to make it more widely understood. It offers a useful reference for the practitioner and for training programmes. Spent nuclear fuel contains minor actinides MAs such as neptunium, americium and curium, which require careful management. This becomes even more important when mixed oxide MOX fuel is being used on a large scale since more MAs will accumulate in the spent fuel.

One way to manage these MAs is to transmute them in nuclear reactors, including in light water reactors, fast reactors or accelerator-driven subcritical systems. The transmutation of MAs, however, is not straightforward, as the loading of MAs generally affects physics parameters, such as coolant void, Doppler and burn-up reactivity. This report focuses on nuclear data requirements for minor actinide management, the review of existing integral data and the determination of required experimental work, the identification of bottlenecks and possible solutions, and the recommendation of an action programme for international co-operation.

It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include "Facilitating the entry into force and implementation of the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material: Observations, challenges and benefits"; "The legal status of nuclear power in Germany"; "Challenges facing the insurance industry since the modernisation of the international nuclear third party liability regime"; "Draft Federal Act of the Russian Federation, 'The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and its Financial Security'". Ses abonnes beneficient d'informations exhaustives qui font autorite sur les developpements qui touchent ce droit.

Publie deux fois par an en anglais et en francais, il propose des articles thematiques rediges par des experts juridiques renommes, rend compte du developpement des legislations a travers le monde et presente la jurisprudence et les accords bilateraux et multilateraux pertinents ainsi que les activites reglementaires des organisations internationales. Les principaux articles de ce numero portent sur: Perspective de l'Afrique du Sud " ; " L'energie de fusion et la responsabilite civile nucleaire " ; et " L'energie nucleaire et la societe indienne: Participation du public, evaluation des risques et cadre juridique ".

These volumes span approximately 67? New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for subcritical measurements of a nickel-reflected, plutonium-metal sphere performed at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center NCERC by experimenters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Development of innovative fuels such as homogeneous and heterogeneous fuels, ADS fuels, and oxide, metal, nitride and carbide fuels is an important stage in the implementation process of advanced nuclear systems. Minor actinides can be converted into a suitable fuel form for irradiation in reactor systems where they are transmuted into fission products with a significantly shorter half-life.

This report compares recent studies of fuels containing minor actinides for use in advanced nuclear systems. The studies review different fuels for several types of advanced reactors by examining various technical issues associated with fabrication, characterisation, irradiation performance, design and safety criteria, as well as technical maturity. Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants remained steady in despite the progressive shutdown of all reactors in Japan leading up to September and the permanent closure of six reactors in the OECD area.

Governments committed to maintaining nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for increasing nuclear generating capacity, and progress was made in the development of deep geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel, with Finland expected to have the first such facility in operation in the early s. Les Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'energie nucleaire, presente la situation de l'energie nucleaire dans les pays de l'OCDE.

Les informations communiquees par les pouvoirs publics des pays membres de l'OCDE comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance nucleaire installee et sur la production d'electricite totale et nucleaire, les politiques nucleaires et les evolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en de la puissance nucleaire installee et de la production d'electricite.

En , la production totale d'electricite des centrales nucleaires ainsi que la part du nucleaire dans la production d'electricite sont restees stables malgre les mises a l'arret de tous les reacteurs japonais, intervenues progressivement jusqu'a septembre, et la mise a l'arret definitif de six reacteurs dans la zone de l'OCDE.

Les pays decides a conserver le nucleaire dans leur mix energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets d'augmentation de la puissance nucleaire installee. Le developpement de centres de stockages en couche geologique profonde pour le combustible use a lui aussi progresse, la premiere installation de ce type devant entrer en exploitation en Finlande au debut des annees Cette publication contient des " StatLinks ".

Peer reviews are a standard co-operative OECD working tool that offer member countries a framework to compare experiences and examine best practices in a host of areas. It includes checklists that will help national programmes or relevant organisations to assess and improve decommissioning cost estimate practices in the future. This guide will act as the NEA reference for conducting such international peer reviews. Uranium is the raw material used to fuel over operational nuclear reactors around the world that produce large amounts of electricity and benefit from life cycle carbon emissions as low as renewable energy sources.

Although a valuable commodity, declining market prices for uranium since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in , driven by uncertainties concerning the future of nuclear power, have led to the postponement of mine development plans in a number of countries and raised questions about continued uranium supply. This 25th edition of the "Red Book", a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides analyses and information from 45 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions.

It includes data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It offers updated information on established uranium production centres and mine development plans, as well as projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through , incorporating policy changes following the Fukushima accident, in order to address long-term uranium supply and demand issues.

It provides authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. A South African perspective"; "Fusion energy and nuclear liability considerations"; and "Nuclear energy and Indian society: Public engagement, risk assessment and legal frameworks". Decommissioning of nuclear facilities and related remedial actions are currently being undertaken around the world to enable sites or parts of sites to be reused for other purposes.

Remediation has generally been considered as the last step in a sequence of decommissioning steps, but the values of prevention, long-term planning and parallel remediation are increasingly being recognised as important steps in the process. This report, prepared by the Task Group on Nuclear Site Restoration of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning, highlights lessons learnt from remediation experiences of NEA member countries that may be particularly helpful to practitioners of nuclear site remediation, regulators and site operators.

It provides observations and recommendations to consider in the development of strategies and plans for efficient nuclear site remediation that ensures protection of workers and the environment. Producing uranium in a safe and environmentally responsible manner is not only important to the producers and consumers of the product, but also to society at large. Both national and international organisations agree that the fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies -- the regulator's prime purpose -- is to ensure that nuclear licensees operate their facilities at all times in a safe manner.

But until now, none have focused on the characteristics of an effective nuclear safety regulator. Effective organisations are those that have good leadership and are able to transform strategic direction into operational programmes. Effectiveness is about how well the organisation is achieving its fundamental purpose -- in the case of a nuclear safety regulator, ensuring that licensees operate their facilities and discharge their obligations in a safe manner.

This regulatory guidance booklet describes the characteristics of an effective nuclear safety regulator in terms of roles and responsibilities, principles and attributes. Each of the characteristics discussed in this report is a necessary feature of an effective nuclear safety regulator but no one characteristic is sufficient on its own. It is the combination of these characteristics that leads to the effectiveness of a nuclear regulatory body. The report provides a unique resource to countries with existing, mature regulators and can be used for benchmarking as well as training and developing staff.

While the NEA co-ordinates and administers the IRPhE at the international level, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction and priorities of the project within their respective countries. The information and data included in this handbook are available to NEA member countries, to all contributing countries and to others on a case-by-case basis. This handbook contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at nuclear facilities around the world.

Example calculations are presented; they do not constitute a validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data. The edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from experimental series that were performed at 48 reactor facilities. The remaining four evaluations are published as draft documents only. CEN, Mol Belgium as part of the?

Uranium mining and milling has evolved significantly over the years. By comparing currently leading approaches with outdated practices, this report demonstrates how uranium mining can be conducted in a way that protects workers, the public and the environment. Innovative, modern mining practices combined with strictly enforced regulatory standards are geared towards avoiding past mistakes committed primarily during the early history of the industry when maximising uranium production was the principal operating consideration.

As indicated in this report, the collection of baseline environmental data, environmental monitoring and public consultation throughout the life cycle of the mine enables verification that the facility is operating as planned, provides early warning of any potentially adverse impacts on the environment and keeps stakeholders informed of developments. Leading practice also supports planning for mine closure before mine production is licensed to ensure that the mining lease area is returned to an environmentally acceptable condition.

The report highlights the importance of mine workers being properly trained and well equipped, as well as that of ensuring that their work environment is well ventilated so as to curtail exposure to radiation and hazardous materials and thereby minimise health impacts. A legal perspective on regulating an important resource"; "Turkish nuclear legislation: Developments for a nuclear newcomer"; and "Nuclear law and environmental law in the licensing of nuclear installations". This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.

Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants declined in as a result of operational issues at some facilities and suspended operation at all but two reactors in Japan. Nuclear safety was further strengthened in following safety reviews prompted by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.

Governments committed to maintaining nuclear power in the energy mix pursued initiatives to increase nuclear generating capacity. In Turkey, plans were finalised for the construction of the first four reactors for commercial electricity production. This publication contains 'StatLinks'. Ses abonnes beneficient d? This publication provides an introduction to minor actinide nuclear properties and discusses some of the arguments in favour of minor actinide recycling, as well as the potential role of thermal reactors in this regard.

The focus of this report is on the general conclusions of recent research that could be applied to thermal reactors. The feasibility and costs of spent nuclear fuel management and the consequent disposal of ultimate waste continue to be the subject of public debate in many countries, with particular concern often expressed over the lack of progress in implementing final disposal. Uncertainties about back-end costs and the financial risks associated with management of the back end have also been singled out as possible deterrents to investment in new nuclear power plants.

This report offers an appraisal of economic issues and methodologies for the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste from commercial power reactors. A generic economic assessment of high-level estimates of back-end cost impacts on fuel cycle costs is undertaken for selected idealised scenarios, by means of a simple static model. Sensitivity analyses are conducted for the evaluation of uncertainties in major components and the identification of cost drivers.

Since factors other than economics are an important part of the decision-making process, an analysis of the influence of key qualitative parameters in the selection of back-end strategies is also presented in this report. Materials performance is critical to the safe and economic operation of any nuclear system.

As the international community pursues the development of Generation IV reactor concepts and accelerator-driven transmutation systems, it will be increasingly necessary to develop advanced materials capable of tolerating the more challenging environments of these new systems. The international community supports numerous materials research programmes, with each country determining its individual focus on a case-by-case basis.

In many instances, similar alloys of materials systems are being studied in several countries, providing the opportunity for collaborative and cross-cutting research that benefits different systems. This report is a snapshot of the current materials programmes supporting the development of advanced concepts.

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The descriptions of the research are grouped by concept, and national programmes are described within each concept. The report provides an overall sense of the importance of materials research worldwide and the opportunities for synergy among the countries represented in this overview. Particle accelerators have evolved over the last decades from simple devices to powerful machines, and are having an increasingly important impact on research, technology and daily life.

Today they have a wide range of applications in many areas including material science and medical applications. In recent years, new technological and research applications have helped to define requirements while the number of accelerator facilities in operation, being commissioned, designed or planned has grown significantly. Their parameters, which include the beam energy, currents and intensities, and target composition, can vary widely, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems.

Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways to protect operators, the public and the environment. As the design and use of these facilities evolve, so must the analytical methods used in the safety analyses. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiation targets.

They also evaluate progress in the development of modelling methods used to assess the effectiveness of such shielding as part of safety analyses. All NEA members took early action to ensure and confirm the continued safety of their nuclear power plants and the protection of the public. Consistent with its objective of maintaining and further developing the scientific, technological and legal bases for safe nuclear energy, the NEA has assisted its member countries in their individual and collective responses to the accident. It has also provided direct assistance to the relevant authorities in Japan.

These actions are summarised in the report along with lessons learnt thus far. Key messages are offered as a means to help strengthen the basis for nuclear safety and its implementation in all countries using nuclear power. Early INEX exercises focused on the national and international aspects of early phase management of nuclear power plant emergencies. Starting with INEX-3 , the international community began looking at issues concerning longer-term consequence management.

In , the WPNEM started preparing the INEX-4 series, which was conducted in and addressed consequence management and transition to recovery in response to malicious acts involving the release of radioactive materials in an urban setting. The goal of INEX-4 was to provide a basis for enhancing emergency management through the exchange of exercise experiences from participating countries and the identification of good practices and common issues.

This summary report provides general outcomes based on country responses to the INEX-4 evaluation questionnaire and suggests areas of focus for future consideration. Future fuel cycle characteristics, feasibility and acceptability will be crucial for the continued development of nuclear energy, especially in the post-Fukushima context. Fuel cycle choices have both long- and short-term impacts, and a holistic assessment of their characteristics, cost and associated safety issues is of paramount importance. This report seeks to associate quantified impacts with foreseeable nuclear energy development in different world regions.

It gives initial results in terms of uranium resource availability, fuel cycle facility deployment and reactor types. In particular, the need to achieve short doubling times with future fast reactors is investigated and quantified. The report also provides guidelines for performing future studies to account for a wider range of hypotheses on energy demand growth, different hypotheses regarding uranium resource availability and different types of reactors to be deployed.

As all safety systems in the majority of existing nuclear power plants use the preferred power supply, any voltage surges in these systems could lead to common-cause failures.

• Pacific Citizens: Larry and Guyo Tajiri and Japanese American Journalism in the World War II Era (Asian American Experience).
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In the event of an unusual electrical system transient, it is essential that safety-related equipment be isolated or protected from the fault in order to ensure its ability to safely shut down the reactor and remove decay heat. Based on the analysis of the voltage surges observed at Forsmark-1 in and Olkiluoto-1 in , this technical opinion paper summarises the current state of knowledge of in-plant and external grid-related challenges to nuclear power plant safety-related electrical equipment.

It will be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, nuclear power plant operators and grid system regulators and operators. While co-ordination and administration of the IRPhEP is managed at the international level by the NEA, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction and priorities of the project within their respective countries. This handbook contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various nuclear facilities around the world.

Example calculations are presented; they do not, however, constitute validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data. The edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from experimental series performed at 47 reactor facilities. One hundred twenty-six of the evaluations are published as approved benchmarks; the remaining four are published as draft documents only. As manifested by an increasingly globalised media, a nuclear accident anywhere quickly becomes a potential concern for people everywhere. Public trust is a key element in being able to do so effectively and of particular importance when there are consequences for people or the environment.

International co-operation can play a fundamental role in helping to improve crisis communication on national and global scales in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. These proceedings contain the papers, recommendations and conclusions of the workshop, which was attended by over experts from 27 countries and 6 international organisations.

It records the evolution in understanding that has taken place in the group as the FSC has worked with these concepts over time. This should be a useful resource not only for new FSC participants but also for others: These data can be used to help improve the safety and economy of existing installations, as well as to design advanced nuclear reactors and their associated fuel cycles, including radioactive waste management. This report describes the initial validation of the complete JEFF It will be useful for scientists and engineers in national laboratories, universities and industry who use basic nuclear data, and is particularly suitable for those who work with application libraries based on JEFF Fuel transuranics TRU multi-recycling is a mandatory feature if both the resource sustainability and the waste minimisation objectives for future fuel cycles are to be pursued.

The resulting TRU transmutation can be implemented in fast neutron spectrum reactors according to two main options commonly referred to as the homogeneous and heterogeneous modes. In this study, the two alternatives have been compared in terms of reactor core feasibility, fuel development and impact on the fuel cycle.

The multi-criteria analysis indicates that there are major challenges in minor actinide-loaded fuel development, its experimental validation and possibly in its reprocessing. Both modes of recycling have an impact on the overall fuel cycle, even if at different stages, for example complex target fabrication and handling in the case of heterogeneous recycling and full core fuel fabrication in the case of homogeneous recycling. The study finds that an economic evaluation according to specific implementation scenarios should still be undertaken.

The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirement and placement. Example calculations are presented; these calculations do not, however, constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data. New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for the Water-moderated Square-pitched U 6.

Materials research is a field of growing relevance for innovative nuclear systems, such as Generation IV reactors, critical and sub-critical transmutation systems and fusion devices. For these different systems, structural materials are selected or developed taking into account the specificities of their foreseen operational environment. Following the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, extraordinary efforts were undertaken in Japan to implement a compensation scheme for the proper and efficient indemnification of the affected victims.

This publication provides English translations of key Japanese legislative and administrative texts and other implementing guidance, as well as several commentaries by Japanese experts in the field of third party nuclear liability. The material presented in the publication should provide valuable insights for those wishing to better understand the regime applied to compensate the victims of the accident and for those working on potential improvements in national regimes and the international framework for third party nuclear liability.

The application of lessons learnt from the International Reporting System for Operating Experience IRS is an essential element for enhancing the safe operation of nuclear power plants NPPs throughout the world. The IRS provides a mechanism for the exchange of information related to the incident, actions taken, root cause analysis and lessons learnt.

This feedback on how to adequately remedy, or avoid, possible challenges and precursors is of paramount importance to operational safety. The heightened awareness generated by feedback from operating experience has resulted in numerous improvements to equipment, procedures and training in many NPPs.

The application of operational feedback also benefits the design of the next generation of NPPs. Operating experience has demonstrated that design modification issues documented in IRS reports can have a significant impact on safety. Managing the ageing of fuel cycle facilities FCFs means, as for other nuclear installations, ensuring the availability of required safety functions throughout their service life while taking into account the changes that occur with time and use.

This technical opinion paper identifies a set of good practices by benchmarking strategies and good practices on coping with physical ageing and obsolescence from the facility design stage until decommissioning. It should be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, fuel cycle facilities operators and fuel cycle researchers. Deep geological repositories of radioactive waste are designed and licensed based on a model of long-term safety which does not require the active presence of man. During the period of stepwise development of such repositories, reversibility of decisions and retrievability of the waste are widely thought to be beneficial.

Reversibility and retrievability are not requirements for long-term safety. They are instead about implementing a process that responds to ethical and precautionary obligations without compromising safety.