Krieg: Roman (German Edition)

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Learn more about Amazon Prime. Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. Get to Know Us. English Choose a language for shopping. Not Enabled Word Wise: Not Enabled Screen Reader: There were two kinds of Reichskrieg with two different legal bases. This could only be done after one of the empire's two supreme courts, the Imperial Chamber Court or the Imperial Aulic Council , had found the offending estate to be in breach of the peace, and the estate was too powerful to be subdued by the Imperial Circle to which it belonged.

The second kind of Reichskrieg was that against another sovereign state that had violated the empire's rights or frontiers. After , the emperors were bound to get the support of the Imperial Electors prior to declaring war on another state. From , they required the approval of the diet for both kinds of war.

The only state against which a formal Reichskrieg was ever declared was France. The diet declared war on France in , , , and The declaration created a state of war, but it was still necessary for the emperor by a series of orders to begin the decentralised process of forming the Reichsarmee Imperial Army out of the Imperial Circles' troops.

What each estate owed in both money and men was determined by the Imperial Military Constitution. In the Middle Ages , the formal mechanisms of imperial war did not yet exist. Historians still sometimes speak of imperial wars, such as that declared by the Emperor Sigismund against duke Philip the Good of Burgundy in , [6] or that declared against the Armagnacs by the Emperor Frederick III in At the Diet of Worms in , the emperor was prohibited from making war in the name of the empire without first consulting the Imperial Diet.

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His right to make war in his own name and with his own resources was not restricted. The diet also declared an Eternal Peace and instituted a supreme court, the Imperial Chamber Court. These acts outlawed private warfare and feuds , and created a binding judicial mechanism for dispute resolution. This had the effect of making civil wars a matter of breaching the imperial peace Reichsfriedensbruch to be resolved by the courts. It was illegal for any Imperial Estate to assist another that was breaching the peace.

Following court rulings, the emperor could issue an "advocates' mandate" mandatum advocatorium that identified estates in breach of the peace as "enemies of the empire" Reichsfeinde and required other estates to act to bring the enemy to heel. Thus, after a judicial process, the empire could make war on one of its own members that was in breach of the peace. Charles V in his Wahlkapitulation electoral capitulation of agreed not to declare war without the consent of the electors. This represented a loosening of the restriction imposed in In the early modern period , a fundamental difference was introduced to the empire between wars against fellow Christians and wars against non-Christians, which, in the imperial context, meant the Ottoman Turks.

This permanent state of war followed from the Ottoman division of world between the lands of Islam and the "house of war".

Although they had the support of the Papacy , they were never declared crusades. Owing to the impossibility of peace, the right of the emperor to demand assistance in the war against the Ottomans was unquestioned. Since the state of war did not require approval by the Imperial Diet, there was also no question of the emperor's right to demand assistance from those imperial states, like Bohemia and Italy , that did not participate in the diet. The Diet voted to raise imperial troops for the Turkish war five times before the Peace of Zsitvatorok ended the Long Turkish War in An imperial army was thus in the field, often outside of the empire's borders, in , , , —67 and — During the last war, the imperial troops also undertook garrison duty on the Croatian Military Frontier.

In , the Diet of Speyer declared France to be an "enemy of the empire" Reichsfeind on account of its alliance with the Ottomans. This permitted the emperor to make war against France on behalf of the empire, but it was an unusual step and one not repeated for over a century.

A permanent peace was finally agreed in the Treaty of Karlowitz , although there were subsequent wars against the Ottomans in —18 , —39 and — The Turkish bells were rung in —18 and —39, but the idea was rejected in —91 as out of step with the Enlightenment. During the Thirty Years' War —48 , no Reichskrieg was ever declared. The emperor made war by means of advocates' mandates.

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Imperial estates signed treaties with the emperor and with each other to provide armies as required. Taking advantage of the general anti-French mood, he secured the diet's sanction of imperial aid to the Electoral Palatinate and other territories threatened by the French on 31 March. In April and May, the emperor issued further decrees implementing the diet's grant of aid. Customer reviews There are no customer reviews yet.

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