Bine fahre Memphis (German Edition)

The first named was appointed governor for life. He came over in , but trying only to get as much money as possible out of his province, another rebellion was threatening, when the king, for fear of its re- sults, revoked the grant and recalled Culpepper. Lord Howard, was little better, he also deemed Virginia his "milk cow," and it is really surprising that in spite of all the ill-treatment and mismanagement the colony prospered.

In the year there were , white inhabitants in Vir- ginia, and at the end of the seventeenth century the popula- tion nearly reached , In England Roman-Catholics were exposed to persecution and most barbarous punishments were inflicted upon them. With the thirty-nine articles of the Anglican High Church a political organism was created, that lacked true religious sen- timent, real Christian love and ideal theory of life. The ha- tred towards the dissenters, Catholics and Protestant sects, led Lord Baltimore, one of the most influential Catholics in old England, to look for some place of refuge in the New World, where those of his creed might follow their worship unmo- lested.

He first tried Newfoundland, but found the climate too severe, and then he tried Virginia, but found its English people more intolerant than in England. Finally he obtained, in , from King Charles I a large tract of land, east of the Potomac and extending along the coast of the Chesapeake bay, to which he gave the name of Maryland, in honor of the queen Henrietta Maria.

Although Lord Baltimore was an ar- dent Catholic, he made his land an asylum for all those pur- sued and unfortunate. The historian Bankroft says: But be- fore long difficulties arose. Virginia claimed that Lord Bal- timore's grant belonged to her, and Clayborne, a member of the Jamestown Council, who had already established two trad- ing posts in Maryland, opposed the authority of Lord Balti- more. A bloody contest followed, and religious trouble and 48 war between the Protestants and Catliolics, caused by the in- tolerant and ambitious Puritans and Episcopalians, soon clouded the fair dawn of the rising colony.

In England the reign of the Stuarts had been superseded by the new rulers William and Maria, and Lord Baltimore, hesitating to recognize the new government, was in entirely deprived of his priv- ileges and Maryland became a royal province. Not until did the fourth Lord Baltimore recover the government — and religious freedom was again restored. During this long period of disturbance the number of the discontented enlarged con- siderably and many, especially a great number of German colonists, left Maryland and wandered to the fertile valleys in the mountain region of Virginia.

Pennsylvania was also colonized towards the close of the seventeenth century, but religious quarrels and English pre- sumption fostered like results. To enjoy freedom of religion many Germans had emigrated to Pennsylvania. They had en- dured the dangers and hardships of a long sea-voyage, and they were not disposed to allow themselves to be again de- prived of the liberty gained by such sacrifice. Seidensticker,''''' "caused the prosecuted Puritans and Quakers to go in search of an asylum to the New World.

For these reasons the Ger- mans left the Fatherland.

• Join Kobo & start eReading today.
• Messi. La grandeza de un pequeño (Colección Perfiles Pop) (Spanish Edition).
• And Jesus Grew...?
• No customer reviews?
• Product details.
• Poetry To God Volume 2: No Fault Found.

Only three creeds, the Catholic, Lutheran and Calvin, were granted the right of tolerance within the German empire by the treaty of Westphalia. Who- ever was moved by scruples of conscience to give to his Chris- tian belief some different shape or to interpret the Bible in another way, persecution was his lot. Such secular Christians, prosecuted and abused without mercy, were plentiful in Ger- many towards the close of the seventeenth century.

The in- offensive Mennonites found only in a few states a precarious admittance, — the pious ScTiwenkf elder had to endure the most terrible treatment, and even the Pietists, the followers of Ja- cob Spencer, who only endeavoured a more earnest and con- scientious devotion to religion within the bounds of the Lutheran creed, were abused and denounced as dangerous inno- The Mystics of various nuances, who had adhei-ents among the literary men as well as among the people, the au- thorities would have liked best to shut up in lunatic asylums or prisons.

• La quête de la vérité dans Il se fait de plus en plus tard dAntonio Tabucchi (French Edition).
• Get Bine fahre Memphis (German Edition) PDF - Tsarskaia privilieghiia Library;
• Integrierte Industrielle Sach- und Dienstleistungen: Vermarktung, Entwicklung und Erbringung hybrider Leistungsbündel (German Edition).
• Dominating the Intern.
• Meaning of "Affenpinscher" in the German dictionary!
• My Bodyguard.
• Der Tastatur-Hacking-Workshop (German Edition).

Penn, the son of an English admiral, whom the English government owed a large sum of money, received in- stead of payment a large grant of forest land west of the Delaware. Charles II recommended to name this territory "Sylvania," that is, forest land, but finally he prefixed to it the name of Penn and baptized it "Pennsylvania. Very correctly he is considered the talented and noblest leader of his sect, — his highest am- bition was to advance the happiness of his fellow men. Even if, as has been asserted, he had aimed to convert his extended landed property into money, it must be acknowledged that he carried out his plan in a disinterested way, advancing an ideal design.

In Germany some Quaker communities existed at Crefeld and Kriesheim near Worms, and akin to them were the Men- nonites and Anabaptists.

20 Best site for ebook download!

Friendship and equality of all men were the leading doctrine of the Quakers, who originated in England in through the teachings of John Fox. They believe, that he who implores the Holy Ghost by fervent prayer, will share in divine revelation. Their worship is sim- ple, without the ringing of bells they assemble in a plain 44 "Die ersten deutschen Secten in Amevika," von L. Hennighausen Bclleliis- tiaches Journal, No. In solemn silence and with covered heads they await for a member of the congregation to be moved by the Holy Q'host and to preach to them.

They re- fuse to take oath and consider war wrong even when waged in self-defence, they condemn all worldly amusements and lux- uries, use the article thou and thee no matter whom they ad- dress, keep their hats on even in presence of the king, and dress very plain. Hennighausen, of Baltimore, Md. They had been oppressed and perse- cuted in their old Fatherland.

Imprisonment, scourging, heavy fines and confiscations was their lot. In some states of north- ern Germany the magistrates paid a reward of five florins for the information of the whereabouts of a Quaker. The Friends at Orefeld, in June , bought of Wm. Penn 18, acres and those of Frankfurt 25, acres. In , on the 6th of October, the first thirteen families from Crefeld were landed at Philadelphia.

Two days later they selected the land for their settlement, on the 24th it was surveyed, on the 25th the homesteads were divided and the building up of Germantown was begun at once. Many more Germans, especially from Kriesheim, followed and in a few years Germantown had be- come a flourishing city. In an English book, printed at Phi- ladelphia in , George Frames sings: The Germantown of which I spoke before, Which is at iJast in length one mile or more. Where live high German people and low Dutch, Whose trade in weaving linnen cloth is much.

There grows the flax. William Penn, the proprietor of the province, frequently visited them, — preached to them in the German language and always remained their true friend. In they erected the first meeting-house in Germantown and Franz Daniel Pastorius wag their leader and preacher. Pas- torius, who also was the first mayor and delegate of the town, 51 was a man of lofty character and classical education.

These Germans were not uneducated people, as they have falsely been represented to be. The most glorious and famous ac- tion of these German men was: They belonged to different sects, who had lived in hatred and discord in their native land, and they imported unpleasant feelings of jealousy, intolerance and pretention in- to the abode of peace founded by the noble Penn. They were only on one point of one mind, and that was their envy and antipathy towards the prosperous Germans, who were rapidly increasing in number.

The English settlers called them "for- eigners," and a very deplorable spirit of native presumption grew up. This spitef ulness ' of the two nationalities was heightened when the Germans issued their protest against the institution of slavery. The Mennonites and Anabaptists originally were closely connected. Both disputed the legality and efficacy of the christening of children, which they condemned as being in contradiction of the Holy scripture. The Anabaptists were rather troublesome people and religious fanatics, they desired the restoration of the empire of Christ on earth, community of property, belief in sacred revelation, etc.

Conse- quently they were bitterly persecuted. But they deserve high credit for having unfolded the banner of constant progress or perpetual reformation — and to have enforced, like the Quak- ers, rigid morality and recognized equality of mankind. Ni- colas Storch was the founder of this sect, born at Zwickau in Saxony, he was in assisted by Marcus Stubner and Tho- mas Muenzer.

Simmons was a Catholic 52 priest at Witmarsum, when in several Anabaptists and among them his own brother, were executed.

AFFENPINSCHER - Definition and synonyms of Affenpinscher in the German dictionary

This event made a deep impression on his mind, he left the Roman Catholic Church and joined the Anabaptists, taking charge of one of their congregations at Groeningen. Simmons reorgan- ized the Dutch Anabaptists, disapproving all religious and po- litical agitation. He was opposed to christening children, but declared the baptism of adults to be indispensible — and he desired to restore the original character of the Christian Church. Taking oath, warfare, public offices, law-suits and divorces were rejected by him.

Although his followers were very peace- able people, they were confounded with the fanatic Anabap- tists, who engaged in a bloody conspiracy at Muenster, and persecution followed. In twenty-five fugitive Mennonites were already landed at the mouth of the Delaware, but noth- ing is known of their fate. However, many more followed, and from to the Mennonite immigration was very great.

Another kind of Anabaptists are the Dunkards Tunker or Dunker. Alexander Mark was the founder of this sect. The Dunkards were not tolerated in their native state: The nickname of Tunker was given them because they perform the act of baptism by immersion, but they call themselves Brethren and in America "the German Baptist Brethren. They resign all worldly amusements, and only admire a truly Christian char- acter and life, they are highly esteemed for their morality and reliability.

A promise given they hold sacred. The first twenty families of this sect arrived from Crefeld in Pennsyl- vania anno Their number soon increased and commu- nities of Dunkards were organized" at Germantown, at Coventry, Chester Co. Oswald Stidenstickcr, page But soon they divided into various groups like the Ephrata-sect or Beisselians in Com- monly they are classed as "Old Conservatives," who consider ignorance as less dangerous to the welfare of the soul than the possession of a treasure of worldly knowledge, — and the "Progressive," who are in favor of public education.

They soon came to Virginia from Tennessee and Ohio. In Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zin- zendorf, the founder of this sect, arrived in America, where he intended to propagate his creed. Prom this they derive an ascetic theory of life — but also a grave religious seriousness and reverence. Dogmatical cunning and distinctions of creed they treat with indifference, the serenity of mind they value most. This devotion is to them no tiresome toil, but a pleasure; the death wounds of Christ do not frighten but enchant them.

If the Moravian faith is of confined view in sev- eral respects, it has nevertheless infused the deadening dogmatics of Protestantism with new life; proclaiming: Count Zinzendorf first endeavored to unite the various sects in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania into one community, but unsuccessfully, and then he directed his attention to the conver- sion of the Indians. The Moravians devoted special care to edu- cation. Their schools at Bethlehem, Litiz and Nazareth were counted among the very best in Pennsylvania.

The strict separation of the sexes during juvenile years, the match-making by the old folks with disregard of mutual affection of the betrothed, the use of lottery tickets as decisions of God, the tasteless costumes of the women, were among these strange regulations. The nature of the Luth- eran and Calvin church are supposed to be familiar to the reader, but the great part they have played in the civilization of the col- onies, will receive in this history full mention in its place.

The religious motives of the early German immigration to Pennsylvania and the adjoining colonies are very well defined by the following public statement of Christian Saur, printer and publisher at Germantown, published in This noble liberty is like a decoy bird or bait which draws men first to Pennsyl- vania, and if good lands get scarce, they move into the adjoining English colonies, and these English colonies are settled by many immigrants from Germany to the advantage of the Crown on ac- count of Pennsylvania. Topographical Survey of Virginia.

HE State of Virginia, after the excision of West Virginia, is divided, with reference to the surface and natural character of the land and extending from East to West, into the following grand divisions: Tidewater Virginia 11, sq. The Tidewater Division extends from the Atlantic ocean to the lower falls of the Appomattox, James and Eappahannock rivers, and is divided by the large tidal rivers and the waters of Chesapeake bay into nine principal and a large number of sec- ondary peninsulas.

An imaginary line drawn diagonally across the State and touching the cities of Petersburg, Eichmond, Fred- ericksburg and Alexandria, will represent this section. In this belt the winter is mild, snow seldom covers the ground for any length of time, and in summer a large portion of it is refreshed by the. Near the line of North Carolina is the swamp and fever-district of Virginia and the fear of "Malaria" keeps away settlers from this unhealthy section.

The navi- gable water-ways give the inhabitants special advantages and make the "low country," as it was called, a very desirable part of the State. Hampton roads and Norfolk bay present the finest and deepest harbors on the Atlantic coast. Here the early settlers established themselves, and here are found those elegant mansions and baronial estates for which Virginia was once celebrated. The coast district absorbed most of the 56 English- immigration and the people of some counties, especially those adjoining Maryland, show to this day, the strongly marked individuality of the English, retaining in a marked degree the manners and expressions of the mother country a century or more ago.

We are as intelligent and industrious as most people, but we need new life to pull us out of the grooves and ruts and turn us into different and more progressive chan- nels. The reputation of Virginia tobacco was built upon the product of this region, in colonial times it was the staple product, but now it is only raised to a limited extent in some of the tidewater counties.

The tobacco grown at "Varina" on the James river had a special high reputation, and the name of the place is said to have been given to it because of the quality of the tobacco grown there, resembling that of Varinas in Cuba. There is no other sheet of water in the country that supplies such an abundance of excellent fish and oysters. Travellers from Europe, especially the Germans, who visit Vir- ginia, generally remark upon two things in particular, one is the habitual waste of bread, and the other that they see so few beg- gars or paupers.

It extends to the range of hills parallel to the Blue Kidge and about 20 miles dis- tant from it. This is the great tobacco region of Virginia, and the cereals and fruits of the temperate climate are cultivated here. The extensive and negligent cultivation of tobacco and corn has exhausted much good land, but careful management soon restores to it its original productiveness.

This district also suffered greatly during the late war, for it was the main battle Richmond, Va , However, this healthy and most improvable region gradually regains its former condition. The forest growth changes as we ascend from the tidewater division to Piedmont, the cypress disappears and the cedar, pine and holly, the gum, oak, chestnut, hickory, tulip tree, walnut, locust, maple, syca- more and other timber become more and more frequent. The mineral resources are very extensive, besides coal this country yields: The population corresponded during the 17th and 18th centuries with that of the tidewater region, but it had a visible tincture of German.

Since the end of the war enterprising settlers from Europe and from the North and West, have come here, and with- in the last ten years a marked improvement is manifested in the general appearance of the country. The Piedmont Division, as its name implies, lies at the foot of the Blue Eidge mountains, and extends from the Poto- mac to the Dan river. It is a delightful country — for climate, beauty of landscape, variety of scenery, natural fertility of soil, water courses contributing to practical purposes as well as to beauty of scenery, this section is surpassed by few, if any other sections in the United States, and it may justly be called: The climate is, as has been stated before, mild and invigorating.

Piedmont is in fact the best sanitarium in the United States, east of the Mississippi. The population is of a cosmopolitan character — and to her industrious German ele- ment this section is indebted for much of its prosperity. The Valley is a portion of the great central Appalachian valley, that extends for several hundred miles from Canada to Alabama, a broad belt of rolling country, enclosed between lofty mountain ranges, diversified by hills and valleys with many winding streams of water.

1. .
2. 20 Best site for ebook download! | Page 7.
3. Post navigation?
4. .

The various grasses for hay and pasture, the natural blue grass lands, make the valley the home of the stock raiser and dairy man. Washington, the no- ble and great son of Virginia, remarked about this rich section: These people brought with them their frugal habits, their conservative systems and modes of farming, which served to keep it what nature made it to be — one of the most desirable tracts of country in the United States. This district is naturally divided in the following sub-divisions: Its mean elevation over the sea is about feet, and the soil is covered by timber and grass.

These counties send to market herds of fine healthy cattle, flocks of sheep, much high prized tobacco, wheat, dried fruit, etc. The mineral resources are very great, but unde- veloped, and offer profitable investment to enterprising capi- talists. Tlie Ajypalacliian Country is a rough mountain district thinly populated. It is composed of a number of parallel moun- tain chains, with trough-like valleys between them, the moun- 52 " Virginia, a Geographical and Political Summary,'" by the Board of Immigration, pages.

Richmond, Va , 1S7C. It is rich in timber, coal and iron and also has some mineral springs of sanitary value. The Neiu State of West Virginia, to which a later chapter of this history is devoted, resembles in its western part the last described district, — it is underlaid with coal, rich in timber, though upon the mountains it is still chiefly an untrodden wil- derness, — and the eastern counties are in respect to surface, resources and population similar to the Shenandoah valley.

Get Bine fahre Memphis (German Edition) PDF

These short geographical remarks will serve to gain a view of the different divisions of Virginia and to facilitate a correct understanding of the following historical account. Causes of the German Immigration into Virginia. During the Eighteenth Century. TN the early part of the eighteenth century a large number of f" Germans immigrated as well into Virginia as into Pennsyl- I vania and were the instrument by which the immense nat- ural resources of the colony were developed and a regular and sound state of affairs was created.

In the numerous petty States of the German empire, at the end of the seventeenth and in the beginning of the eighteenth century, most deplorable conditions prevailed and the suffering of the people was nigh unbearable. The cruelty of the despotic rulers had already driven thousands of peaceable citizens from their homes and across the ocean, — to Virginia also Germans had come and the number of the fugi- tives from the German Fatherland increased yearly.

Tee Grizzley - First Day Out (Official Music Video)

Particu- larly southern Germany — and there especially the once flour- ishing Palatinate, sighed under the hardships and devastations of repeated wars, the tyranny of extravagant princes, and the hateful struggle for supremacy of the various Christian confes- sions. In the seventeenth century the despotism of the Elector of the Palatinate had forced his people to change its creed three times, first to the Lutheran, then to the Calvinist, again to the Lutheran and finally a second time to the Calvinist faith.

This occurrence is certainly abhorrible as the most unwarranted op- pression of the liberty of thought and conscience. The French marshal de Turenne devastated this beautiful section of Germany from to — and in Durat ordered the population of nearly half a million people to leave their homes within three days. In the midst of winter. The cities of Phillipsburg, Frankenthal, Mannheim, etc. After all these trials the enemy at home took the place of the French tormentor. Elector Johann Wil- helm, , an able pupil of the Jesuits and an unbounded prodigal, aimed to take advantage of the animosity between the Lutherans and Reformists for forcible conversion to Catholicism, and his successor, Karl Philipp, persecuted all Protestants in fanatic fury and forced emigration on many.

Similar conditions prevailed in the entire German empire and particularly in the countries of the lower Ehine, Hanno- ver and Thurinia. To make the national misfortune complete, French taste, luxury and corruption spread among the higher classes of society, and morality and propriety of conduct dis- appeared.

Thus Germapy grew faithless to its true character and bowed to foreign influence. Helpless and poor, in con- stant fear of death, the mass of the people took refuge with its inmost feeling and thought, saving to. Under ruins and mould, behind prison-walls, germinated the seed-corn of true humanity and sound philosophy. Amidst its disgrace the heart of the German nation commenced to embrace the real theory of life and liberty, and the plain and pious peasant and citizen learned to value the art of reasoning in place of quiet submission to despotism.

More sects were organized and each of them, even when adopting odd methods, gave evidence of mental impulse and independent reasoning. Their followers adhered to it manly and neither persecution nor exile forced them to desert their belief. The German emigrants to America, having gone through such a school of bitter trials, imported firmness of character and had the willingness and qualification of doing the hard labor of pioneers. Faithful to their conviction they proved themselves in the New World conducive to the public good, obedient to law — and yet firmly devoted to the principles of liberty.

In the year Queen Anne ascended the English throne. Moved by the sufferings of the German people and recognizing 62 their qualifications for the colonization of her American prov- inces, she patronized German immigration to Pennsylvania, New York, the Carolinas, Virginia, etc. Davenant, to furnish him and several families, numbering in all 61 persons, with money and passports to travel to England. Davenant asked his government for instructions — and the request was declined. However the Palatines managed to reach London and being without means of support. Queen Anne granted to each of them one shilling per day.

The news of their kind treatment soon spread in Germany and intensified the long- ing to escape the sufferings at home. At the same time Eng- lish emissaries travelled in the German States to induce wealthy people to emigrate to America, and these men distributed pamphlets and books containing the most enticing descrip- tions of the resources, fertility and beauty of the New World.

On the 4th of February Montague off"ered in the English parliament a bill for the naturalization of foreign Protestants, which was passed without opposition. This new law purposed to induce the rich French Huguenots to emigrate to the Eng- lish colonies, — but the poor people of southern Germany considered it as an invitation extended to them too. In the spring of the exodus was very great, so much so that in.

Most of them were homeless, poor but good and use- ful working people. Frank's "Frankfurter Mess Kalender" reports for instance, that from Easter to the fall of about German Protestants reached London, of which were men with families, married women, 39 widows, young men, maidens, boys and girls over 14 years 66 "Geschichte der dcutschen Einwanaerung in Amerika," by Fiiedrich Kapp p 19 N. But on account of their large number they soon became a burden to the English gov- ernment and the native population, — however they were cared for as far as possible.

The queen paid daily pounds ster- ling for their support, in all parts of Great Britain collections were started for the benefit of "the poor Germans. But many of those in camp, it is said several thousands, died of fever. More than were sent to New York, about to North Carolina, and several shiploads to Virginia. Lemgo, January 5th , is preserved in the State Library at Eichmond.

The name of the person addressed is missing, — but the con- tents of the letter indicate that he was a clergyman — and it gives evidence of the continued immigration of Germans. The pious mode of thinking of the German people and the deplor- able conditions which prevailed in Germany at that time, are also illustrated by this interesting document. We copy the following from it: New York aod Clii- cago. Das beste ist dasz fast zehen jahr her noch so wohlfeile Zeit allhier gewest; wir wussten gern wasz bei ihnen vor getreide wiichset und ob es wohl hoch im preisse sei, worauf da so viel Familien jaehrlich dazu hommen, und wie und womit sich dieselben alle ernehren, ob Sie alda Hau- ser finden oder bauen, ob Sie die Heyden oder Wilden mit der Zeit vertreiben oder bekehren, oder was es fiir arth men- schen da gebe und wie Sie leben.

Ich bitte nochmahlst um weitlaufige Nachricht und schliesse damit. Very characteristic is an old Ger- man-American verse: Auch war man laengstens in fuenf Wochen ja Im Land der Sehnsucht: In the year a vessel arrived in Hamp- ton Roads, Va. The well-known ardent tenacity of the German colonists outlived these distressing difficulties, and by endurance and hard labor they proved a blessing to the colony. German settlement in that part of the colony which was in named after him: The occasion for this measure was the partial failure of Franz Ludwig Michel and Baron Christopher von Grafifenried, both from Berne in Switzerland, to establish a colony in North Carolina.

This conclusion is evident by reading the "Spotswood Letters" pub- lished in Vol. I of "Collections of the Historical Society of Vir- ginia. But during the massacre of the Tuscarora Indians they became dis- heartened, for many families were murdered and Baron Graffen- ried himself was taken prisoner. This tragic event occurred in After the baron's release he sold his land to Th. Pollock and with a number of Swiss and Palatines he removed to Vir- ginia, where he settled in the forks of the Potomac.

Besides, other causes necessitated this re-emigration. Many colonists were disappointed by not receiving the promised title for acres of land to each family, and the unwholesome location of Graffenried's possessions may have influenced many of them to select some other country wherein to settle.

What is Kobo Super Points?

Johann Daniel Schcepf in his account of his travels during the last century"": Schoepf's Amerika," or compare: Woclienschrift, I Jahrgang, p 3, Richmond, Va , 1. The beds of these rivers are very deep, but the shores are low and subject to frequent in- undations. For these reasons the country does not enjoy a salu- brious climate and pure air, and in fall many people die by sick- ness. The mortality of the children especially is very great, in fact twice as great as in the Northern States.

They wandered up the New river to the fertile valleys at the southern slopes of the Alleghany mountains in Virginia, where the present counties of Wythe, Pulaski, Montgomery and Craig are located, and they built another New Berne in Pulaski. Others, who had followed Baron von Graflfenried to the forks of the Potomac, encountered renewed, unlocked for diifi- culties. Their leader went there upon written instructions of the queen to the governor of Virginia: In a letter dated July 26th , Governor Spotswood says him- self: They immigrated to Virginia with Baron Graffenried, who was in possession of a letter from the queen, by which he, Spotswood, received instructions to assign to these people tracts of land.

Most of these Germans were miners, writes the governor, and he exempted them for several years from payment of taxes, to encourage others of their countrymen to settle in Virginia. Governor Spotswood induced a number of them to enter his service and he erected, with their assistance, on the shores of the Kapidan, between the Eussel- and Wil- derness-runs: In Stafford county a German settlement was built up at Germanna Ford.

Even at the present Several descendants of Graffenried are living in North Carolina and Virginia. Joseph de Graffenried represented Luxemburg in the Assembly from to and W. Kohler of Kichmond is in possession of a Luther-medal bear- ing the date of It was ploughed up in Stafford county and was encrusted with earth. It is about the size of a silver-dollar, and is in a fine state of preservation. Upon the obverse are in bass-relief bust portraitures of Luther and Melanchton, with the legend, D. Blartin Luther, Philip Melanchton. On the reverse is depicted the Diet of Worms, in Session, and the legend: Ein gut bekentnis vor vielen zeugen 1st Tim.

The date marks the two hundredth anniversary of the adoption of the Augsburg confession, which was compiled by Melanchton and endorsed by Luther. By direction of Governor Spotswood dwelling houses,' a. There is no doubt but that this historical remark refers to the Germans — and appreciative of their industry Sir Spotswood also encouraged direct immigration from Germany.

The relations between the governor and the German colonists were of the very best kind. They called Virginia in his honor: He was so much charmed by this laborious and peaceable people, that he married a young German lady by name "Theke" and born in Hannover. Byrd, the founder of Richmond, describes in his "Progress of the mines" the family life of the governor and his attachment to his wife and many children, in picturesque language. The reports concerning the first direct immigration from Germany to the settlements on the Eapidan are somewhat con- tradicting.

However, both statements agree in the main point: They have been settled on ye Frontiers of Eappahannock and subsisted chiefly at my charge and on the contributions of some gentlemen that have a prospect of being reimbursed by their labors. Touching a charge that he " denied " to let his Majesty's subjects tak6 up land,— at the same time gave leave or order to another person to take up 12, acres to be patented in the 33 Compare Senator Lovenstein's Oration at the "German Day" celebration in Rich- mond, October 6th, , published in the "Richmond Dispatch" and "Richmond Times," October 7th, The date of these answers is The consensus of authority is that Spotswood bent his every energy to the development of the resources of the colony, but as has been seen: Refer- ence has been made to his land "deal" with Robinson, but that was not his only " deal " in which the German interest figured.

In he granted to Richard Hickman 28, acres of land, the consideration for which, as the books of the Reg- ister of the Land Office show, was monetary alone. In the same land was "confirmed" to Spotswood upon the aver- ment of Hickman: They spread and settled in all parts of the province. Some of those who ar- rived about the middle of this period, were accompanied by preachers like Reverends Hinkel, Palkner, Stoever, etc.

The fact alone, that in their company German preachers and schoolmasters came to the virgin woods of Virginia, confirms this assertion, and old documents: Several of their descendants have filled the highest state ofiflces. Among the pioneers who arrived in was Johann Kemper from Oldenburg, who settled afterwards in the German colony in Madison county, and in married Alice Utterback.

The biography of General and Governor Kemper follows in a later chapter. In a commission was entrusted with a revision of the colonial laws and the German, Benj. This item can't be purchased in Russia. Shop from Russia to see titles available to you. How to write a great review. The review must be at least 50 characters long. The title should be at least 4 characters long.

Your display name should be at least 2 characters long. At Kobo, we try to ensure that published reviews do not contain rude or profane language, spoilers, or any of our reviewer's personal information. You submitted the following rating and review. We'll publish them on our site once we've reviewed them. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? Die Abenteuer der Sabine M.

Read more Read less. Kindle Cloud Reader Read instantly in your browser. Product details File Size: Books on Demand; 1 edition September 2, Publication Date: September 2, Language: Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a customer review. Amazon Giveaway allows you to run promotional giveaways in order to create buzz, reward your audience, and attract new followers and customers.