Verhaltenssucht (German Edition)

Its validity and reliability have yet to be established. Based on the same criteria, another instrument consisting of 32 items for estimating excessive internet use has been developed recently.

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Other authors focus on the diagnostic criteria of pathological gambling of the DSM-IV for scale assessment. In a psychometric evaluation six valid and reliable factors could be extracted: Recently, additional comprehensive and multi-dimensional instruments for the diagnosis of internet addiction have surfaced. The scale consists of seven subscales: The subscales of GPIUS correlate positively with depression, loneliness as well as shyness and negatively with the extent of self-esteem.

The OCS appears to be reliable. The five main sections of the interviews presenting problem; biological, psychological and social areas, respectively; relapse prevention are derived from a biopsychosocial approach [ 93 ]. Its reliability and validity have yet to be demonstrated. The phenomenon of excessive sexual behaviour has hardly been examined until now and valid instruments in its assessment are scarce. The establishment of the quantity of sexual engagement e. So far, the screening test of sexual addiction [ 95 ] is the only available instrument in estimating sexual addiction.

This test like all other screening instruments is designed to merely provide hints of the existence of the symptom complex and is available as a short 24 items as well as a long items version. The short version requires 13 affirmative answers in order to establish the possibility of a sexual addiction. On a critical note it has to be said that the test is limited to being administered to homosexual males. It has not been validated for its use in women. There are a variety of screening instruments on the internet for the special diagnosis of online sexual addiction.

They cannot be discussed in detail here. A first approach for the comprehensive and standardized assessment of different forms of behavioural addictions e. Every module can be administered separately according to the suspected behavioural addiction, thereby making the FDAV an economical tool in assessing behavioural addictions. The FDAV is suitable for diagnostics, evaluation of therapy and follow-up in clinical practice and research.

Currently, the FDAV is being validated in clinical and non-clinical samples. The authors view these characteristics as hints for the potential diagnosis of a behavioural addiction. However, they emphasize that in order to work against the inflational use of the term behavioural addiction, each individual case needs to be examined as to whether the suspected behaviour is in fact an addictive or just an excessive one non-pathological or belonging to other diseases. The clinical perception as well as the increasing amount of scientific investigations emphasize the commonalities of substance-related and non-substance related behavioural addictions, respectively.

Therefore, the standardized classifications of mental disorders should classify excessive behaviours meeting the criteria of addictions as an addiction disorder and operationalize them accordingly in the diagnostic criteria. Only then will it be possible to establish accurate diagnoses by using valid and reliable instruments and thus to facilitate effective treatment of affected individuals.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Psychosoc Med v. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract In non-substance-related addiction, the so-called behavioural addiction, no external psychotropic substances are consumed. Abstract Bei der stoffungebundenen Sucht, der sog. Introduction At the end of the 19th century, gambling addiction as a non-substance-related or behavioural addiction was already well-known by experts.

Assessment of pathological gambling Excessive gambling is the most commonly described form of behavioural addiction. Assessment of workaholism Since varying definitions of workaholism exist, its operationalizations also differ. Assessment of computer addiction The existing instruments used to assess computer addiction are mostly based on the diagnostic criteria of pathological gambling and substance-related addictions, respectively. Assessment of internet addiction Based on the rising popularity of the internet in all parts of the society during the last decade, a variety of instruments assessing internet addiction were developed.

A few select instruments will be introduced below. Assessment of sexual addiction The phenomenon of excessive sexual behaviour has hardly been examined until now and valid instruments in its assessment are scarce.

Diagnostic instruments for behavioural addiction: an overview

Assessment of various forms of bevavioural addictions A first approach for the comprehensive and standardized assessment of different forms of behavioural addictions e. The behaviour is exhibited over a long period of time at least 12 months in an excessive, aberrant form, deviating from the norm or extravagant e. Loss of control over the excessive behaviour duration, frequency, intensity, risk when the behaviour started. Development of tolerance the behaviour is conducted longer, more often and more intensively in order to achieve the desired effect; in unvaried form, intensity and frequency the desired effect fails to appear.

The behaviour that was initially perceived as pleasant, positive and rewarding is increasingly considered to be unpleasant in the course of the addiction. Cognitive occupation with the build-up, execution and follow-up activities of the excessive behaviour and possibly the anticipated effects of the excessively executed behaviour. Continued execution of the excessive behaviour despite negative consequences health-related, occupational, social.

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Notes Conflicts of interest None declared. Alberti G, Kellermann B, editors. Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Verhaltenssucht- Diagnostik, Therapie, Forschung. Epidemiology of behavioral dependence: Entstehung, Diagnostik und Behandlung. Petry NM, Casarella T.

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Excessive discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers with gambling problems. Rien ne va plus. Development and validation of the Gamblers' Belief Questionnaire. Reliability and validity of a scale to measure change in persons with compulsive buying. J Gen Intern Med. Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system. Cue-induced brain activity in pathological gamblers. American Psychiatry Publishing; Washington: A reformulated cognitive-behavioral model of problem gambling.

Cognitive distortions in heavy gambling. Lesieur H, Blume S. A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

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Ferris J, Wynne H. The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse; Pathological gambling among adolescents: Development, use, and reliability.

Short-term single-blind fluvoxamine treatment of pathological gambling. Gambling impact and behavior study: Preliminary validity and reliability testing of a structured clinical interview for pathological gambling. Development of the Gambling Attitude Scales: Breen R, Zuckerman M. Chasing in gambling behavior: Jefferson S, Nicki R. A new instrument to measure cognitive distortions in video lottery terminal users: A cognitive processing model of alcohol craving and compulsive alcohol use. The Gambling Urge Scale: Addiction Research Foundation; The Gambling Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: Situational determinants of relapse and skill-training interventions.

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The Guilford Press; Addictive buying in West Germany: A clinical screener for compulsive buying. How to identify addictive behavior. Sachs ML, Pargman D. A depth interview examination. Carmack MA, Martens R. Measuring commitment to running: Int J Sport Psychol. J Sports Med Phys Fitness.

Negative addiction in runners: Loumidis KS, Wells A. Assessment of beliefs in exercise dependence. The development and preliminary validation of the Exercise Beliefs Questionnaire. Development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire. Measurement of exercise dependence in body builders. The pathological status of exercise dependence. Br J Sports Med. Behavioral frequency and psychological commitment: How much is to much? The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale.

The Exercise Addition Inventory: The Exercise Addiction Inventory: Computer game playing in children and adolescents: How children are responding to the information revolution. National Children's Bureau; Measurement of exercise orientation in normal subjects: Psychmetric properties of Spence and Robbins' measures on workaholism components. Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal. The disease concept of alcoholism. Yale University Press; Manual for the Work Attitude Questionnaire. Marathon Consulting and Press; Spence J, Robbins A.

Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. A multifaceted validation of Spence and Robbins Workaholism Battery. J Occup Organ Psychol.

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Manual for the schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality. University of Minnesota Press; The assessment of workaholism as behavioral tendencies: Int J Stress Manag. Identifying video game addiction in children and adolescents. Measuring problem video game playing in adolescents. Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan.

Sociopsychiatric characteristics of adolescents who use computers to excess. Exzessive Computernutzung im Kindesalter- Ergebnisse einer psychometrischen Erhebung. Egger O, Rauterberg M. Internet behavior and addiction [Internet] Psychology of computer use: Parameters of internet use, abuse and addiction: Hahn A, Jerusalem M. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput.

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