The Philistines Came Also

In the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the inscription specifically identifies an ethnic group from within this confederation and in opposition to the Egyptians called the P-r-s-t which phonetically renders to the Peleset Dothan, People of the Sea, This is synonymous to the Hebrew ethnic term given to these same peoples of Pelishtim; that is, the Philistines. The inscription continues to state that after their defeat in the battle that took place in Nile delta region, the Egyptian Pharaoh resettled the Philistines in the land of Canaan to the East.

The Philistines would then thrive in this region and establish their Pentapolis; that is, the five sites of Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath Cline, The inscription of Ramesses III provides yet another valuable resource to these Philistines and that is, a clear image of their appearance. The battle with Ramesses III took place at a time of great turmoil and change. It was marked by the end of the Late Bronze Age ca.

In this period of history, civilizations such as the Mycenaeans of the Aegean and the Hittites of Anatolia would disappear completely, paving the way for new ethnic groups that would eventually redefine the Western world. As part of the events that took place during this transition, mass migrations would occur as many ethnic groups searched for a new life and new opportunities. Parts of these migrations were recorded by the ancient Egyptians as they labelled these groups collectively as the Sea Peoples, again, the Philistines being one of them.

Courtesy of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. So, before settling in Canaan and transforming into the rivals of the Israelites, we can archaeologically trace the Philistines back to Egypt.

We still do not have a definitive answer to their origins prior to this. From whence did they come? Traces of the Philistines on the island of Crete. The Year Civilization Collapsed. Dothan, Trude and Moshe Dothan. People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines.

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Macmillion Publishing Company, Ventris, Michael and John Chadwick. Documents in Mycenaean Greek. Petros Koutoupis is an author and an independent historical researcher, focusing predominantly on the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age periods of the Eastern Mediterranean and general Near East. Fluent in modern Greek, Petros has additional knowledge in languages that They are known, from archeological findings for some time now, to have been part of the hodgepodge of peoples in the area.

Please don't keep spreading traditional "stories" from the bible. It is woefully incorrect. If you follow the work of Israeli archaeologist Israel Finkelstein, in his work he has noted inscriptions that identify a group of nomads from the land of YHW probably Midian: This nomadic group would eventually wander into the land of Israel and acclimate relatively well with the indiginous population. They would bring with them, their deity and tell their stories. These stories would eventually be adapted and interwovan with native stories to form what we would later refer to as the Torah.

This explains the excerpt from Judges that they were a seafaring peoples. Jones of Montgomery College suggests that in the excerpt from Genesis, Dan will be treated as one of the tribes of Israel even though in fact he is not. Then I submit that the relevant sentence be either altered or deleted, given the complexities you've outlined. If part were native and some smaller part not, the statement is too simplistic to be correct.

A direct statement of the Philistines' status as invaders would be simply more correct and more dramatic without involving this convoluted issue at all.

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An important find relating to the early Philistines is the Phaistos Disk, a 6. It was discovered in by Italian archaeologist Luigi Pernier in the ruins of a Minoan palace in southern Crete. Based on the archaeological context, the date cannot be later than about BC. No other texts in this script have since been found. The significance of the Phaistos Disk for our purposes is that it connects the Philistines with the island of Crete and places them there at a period far earlier than the 12th century BC.

Who Were the Philistines?

One of characters on the disk, in fact, the one that occurs most frequently, is a warrior with a feathered headdress. This is not an isolated find, as identical signs, including frontal views of the feathered warrior, have been found inscribed on an axe found in a cave in Crete Robinson We do not know what the ancient inhabitants of Crete called themselves. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Minoans were engaged in maritime trade throughout the Levant in the Middle Bronze period ca.

Some of this evidence suggests that they established trading colonies in Syria, Canaan and Egypt. A small, but growing, number of finds in Palestine provide tangible evidence for contacts between Canaan and Crete long before the 12th—11th century Philistines. The Middle Bronze urban settlement there is one of the largest in southern Canaan, occupying an area of about 38 acres. It was enclosed by an elaborate system of earthen ramparts fronted by a deep ditch Klenck Also found within the fortified enclosure was a 10 foot diameter well, excavated to a depth of 38 feet Klenck The wells of Gerar were a major issue between both Abraham Gn Of particular interest is a Minoan graffito found in the sacred precinct dating to ca.



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Analyses of the sherd determined that it originated in Crete, most likely the south coast Day et al. In addition to the graffito, an unusual chalice of Canaanite shape and fabric was found in a room on the east side of the sacred area. What makes the chalice unusual is its high arching handles, a well-known feature of Minoan chalices, but not of Canaanite Oren et al. Tel Kabri Tel Kabri is located 3 miles southeast of the port of Achziv.

During the Middle Bronze I period it was fortified with an earthen rampart and city wall, and covered an area of ca. It was a major trading center, acting as an entrepot for northern Canaan Marcus That Minoans were present at the site was evidenced by a Minoan painted plaster floor and fragments of a wall fresco dating to the 17th century BC Dever They were found in a Middle Bronze palace which occupied ca. The floor, in a 33 feet square ceremonial hall, was painted with a grid pattern of red lines imitating a pavement of stone slabs.

David, meanwhile, had left Achish's service and was soon recognized as king of Judah. Seven years later, he also became king of Israel. Seeing in this development a serious threat, the Philistines marched against him suffering defeat at Baal Perazim.

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In a reversal of the earlier Battle of Ebenezer, the Israelites succeeded in capturing several Philistine religious symbols. Using a clever encircling tactic, David pressed the advantage and dealt the Philistines an additional blow, driving them out of several Jordan Valley towns they had previously taken 2 Sam. The Bible describes the Philistines as remaining "subdued" during David's reign, although there is no indication of David's ever taking Gath, which lay in the territory traditionally ascribed to Judah.

Several battles are described in 2 Samuel 21, in which Philistine champions, the giant sons of Rapha, fought against Israel. In one encounter, David "became exhausted" and faced death at the hands of the huge spearman Ishbi-Benob. David's lieutenant Abishai came to the king's rescue, after which David would no longer lead his troops in battle.

Three other mighty Philistine soldiers are mentioned by name here, all sons of Rapha. And in this version of the saga, it is not David but one of his captains, Elhanan of Bethlehem , who slew the gigantic Philistine warrior Goliath. The Bible says little of the Philistines after the time of David, although it should not therefore be presumed that territorial disputes between the Israelites and Philistines had been settled.

Centuries later, King Uzziah of Judah mid-eighth century B. During the reign of Uzziah's successor, Ahaz , the Philistines were more successful, capturing and occupying "Beth Shemesh, Aijalon and Gederoth, Soco, Timnah and Gimzo, with their surrounding villages" 2 Chron.

King Hezekiah late eighth century B. These victories, however, were short-lived, as Hezekiah himself lost every major town in Judah, excepting only Jerusalem, to the advancing armies of Sennacharib of Assyria. Jeremiah 47 is a prophecy against the Philistines dealing with an attack against Philistia by Egypt, possibly during this period.

In Search of the Origins of the Philistines - Part 1

One reason for this is that the Bible repeatedly refers to them as " uncircumcised ," unlike the Semitic peoples, such as Canaanites See 1 Sam. A prominent theory is that the Philistines formed part of the great naval confederacy, the "Sea Peoples," who had wandered, at the beginning of the twelfth century B. They were eventually defeated by Ramses III, and he then resettled them, according to the theory, to rebuild the coastal towns in Canaan.

In the brief description of the outcome of the battles in eight year of Ramses' reign is the description of the fate of the Sea Peoples. Ramses tells us that, having brought the imprisoned Sea Peoples to Egypt, he "settled them in strongholds, bound in my name. Numerous were their classes like hundred-thousands. I taxed them all, in clothing and grain from the storehouses and granaries each year.

Aren Maeir - New Light on the Biblical Philistines: Recent Study on the Frenemies of Ancient Israel

The connection between Mycenaean culture and Philistine culture was made clearer by finds at the excavation of Ashdod, Ekron, Ashkelon, and more recently Tell es-Safi probably Gath , four of the five Philistine cities in Canaan. The fifth city is Gaza. Especially notable is the early Philistine pottery, a locally-made version of the Aegean Mycenaean Late Helladic IIIC pottery, which is decorated in shades of brown and black.

This later developed into the distinctive Philistine pottery of the Iron Age I, with black and red decorations on white slip. Also of particular interest is a large, well-constructed building covering square meters, discovered at Ekron. Its walls are broad, designed to support a second story, and its wide, elaborate entrance leads to a large hall, partly covered with a roof supported on a row of columns. In the floor of the hall is a circular hearth paved with pebbles, as is typical in Mycenaean buildings; other unusual architectural features are paved benches and podiums.



Among the finds are three small bronze wheels with eight spokes. Such wheels are known to have been used for portable cultic stands in the Aegean region during this period, and it is therefore assumed that this building served cultic functions. Excavations in Ashkelon and Ekron reveal dog and pig bones which show signs of having been butchered, implying that these animals were part of the residents' diet.

Bible Living

There is some limited evidence in favor of the assumption that the Philistines did originally speak some Indo-European language. A number of Philistine-related words found in the Bible are not Semitic, and can in some cases, with reservations, be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots. For example, the Philistine word for captain, seren , may be related to the Greek word tyrannos which, however, has not been traced to a PIE root. Some of the Philistine names, such as Goliath , Achish, and Phicol, appear to be of non-Semitic origin, and Indo-European etymologies have been suggested.

The appearance of additional non-Semitic names in Philistine inscriptions from later stages of the Iron Age is an additional indication of the non-Semitic origins of this group.