Mutual Mastication (a ten minute play) (eTens)

Arterial shunt vessels may bypass the network in ears, the nose and fingertips. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains a number of structures including blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscle, glands and lymphatic tissue. It consists of loose connective tissue otherwise called areolar connective tissue—collagen, elastin and reticular fibers are present. Erector muscles, attached between the hair papilla and epidermis, can contract, resulting in the hair fiber pulled upright and consequentially goose bumps.

The main cell types are fibroblasts, adipocytes fat storage and macrophages. Sebaceous glands are exocrine glands which produce a mixture of lipids and waxy substances known as sebum. Sebum serves many functions, including lubrication, water-proofing, softening, and also provides antimicrobial properties. Sweat glands open up via a duct onto the skin by a pore. The dermis is made of an irregular type of fibrous connective tissue consisting of collagen and elastin fibers. It can be split into the papillary and reticular layers. The papillary layer is outermost and extends into the epidermis to supply it with vessels.

It is composed of loosely arranged fibers. Papillary ridges make up the lines of the hands giving us fingerprints. The reticular layer is more dense and is continuous with the hypodermis. It contains the bulk of the structures such as sweat glands. The reticular layer is composed of irregularly arranged fibers and resists stretching. The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin.

Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body. Wikipedia has related information at Hair. Drugs used in cancer chemotherapy frequently cause a temporary loss of hair, noticeable on the head and eyebrows, because they kill all rapidly dividing cells, not just the cancerous ones.

Other diseases and traumas can cause temporary or permanent loss of hair, either generally or in patches. The hair shafts may also store certain poisons for years, even decades, after death. In the case of Col. Lafayette Baker, who died July 3, , use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer showed the man was killed by white arsenic.

The prime suspect was Wallace Pollock, Baker's brother-in-law. Neff, Pollack had laced Baker's beer with it over a period of months, and a century or so later minute traces of arsenic showed up in the dead man's hair. Baker's diary seems to confirm that it was indeed arsenic, as she writes of how she found some vials of it inside her brother's suit coat one day. The fingernail is an important structure made of keratin. The fingernail generally serve two purposes. It serves as a protective plate and enhances sensation of the fingertip.

The protection function of the fingernail is commonly known, but the sensation function is equally important. The fingertip has many nerve endings in it allowing us to receive volumes of information about objects we touch.

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The nail acts as a counterforce to the fingertip providing even more sensory input when an object is touched. The structure we know of as the nail is divided into six specific parts - the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium cuticle , perionychium, and hyponychium. Root The root of the fingernail is also known as the germinal matrix. This portion of the nail is actually beneath the skin behind the fingernail and extends several millimeters into the finger.

The fingernail root produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed. This portion of the nail does not have any melanocytes, or melanin producing cells. The edge of the germinal matrix is seen as a white, crescent shaped structure called the lunula. Nail Bed The nail bed is part of the nail matrix called the sterile matrix. It extends from the edge of the germinal matrix, or lunula, to the hyponychium. The nail bed contains the blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes, or melanin-producing cells.

As the nail is produced by the root, it streams down along the nail bed, which adds material to the undersurface of the nail making it thicker. It is important for normal nail growth that the nail bed be smooth. If it is not, the nail may split or develop grooves that can be cosmetically unappealing. Nail Plate The nail plate is the actual fingernail, made of translucent keratin. The pink appearance of the nail comes from the blood vessels underneath the nail.

The underneath surface of the nail plate has grooves along the length of the nail that help anchor it to the nail bed. The cuticle is situated between the skin of the finger and the nail plate fusing these structures together and providing a waterproof barrier. Perionychium The perioncyhium is the skin that overlies the nail plate on its sides. It is also known as the paronychial edge. The perionychium is the site of hangnails, ingrown nails, and an infection of the skin called paronychia. Hyponychium The hyponychium is the area between the nail plate and the fingertip.

It is the junction between the free edge of the nail and the skin of the fingertip, also providing a waterproof barrier. Nail diseases are in a separate category from diseases of the skin. Although nails are a skin appendage, they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions. Nail conditions that show signs of infection or inflammation require medical assistance and cannot be treated at a beauty parlor. Deformity or disease of the nails may be referred to as onychosis. There are many disease that can occur with the fingernails and toenails.

The most common of these diseases are ingrown nails and fungal infections. Onychocryptosis , commonly known as "ingrown nails" unguis incarnatus , can affect either the fingers or the toes. In this condition, the nail cuts into one or both sides of the nail bed, resulting in inflammation and possibly infection. The relative rarity of this condition in the fingers suggests that pressure from the ground or shoe against the toe is a prime factor.

The movements involved in walking or other physical disturbances can contribute to the problem. Mild onychocryptosis, particularly in the absence of infection, can be treated by trimming and rounding the nail. More advanced cases, which usually include infection, are treated by surgically excising the ingrowing portion of the nail down to its bony origin and cauterizing the matrix, or 'root', to prevent recurrence. This surgery is called matricectomy. The best results are achieved by cauterizing the matrix with phenol. Another method, which is much less effective, is excision of the matrix, sometimes called a 'cold steel procedure'.

An infection of nail fungus onychomycosis occurs when fungi infect one or more of your nails. Onychomycosis generally begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of the fingernail or toenail. As the nail fungus spreads deeper into the nail, it may cause the nail to discolor, thicken and develop crumbling edges — an unsightly and potentially painful problem.

Infections of nail fungus account for about half of all nail disorders. These infections usually develop on nails continually exposed to warm, moist environments, such as sweaty shoes or shower floors. Nail fungus isn't the same as athlete's foot, which primarily affects the skin of the feet, but at times the two may coexist and can be caused by the same type of fungus. An infection with nail fungus may be difficult to treat, and infections may recur.

But medications are available to help clear up nail fungus permanently. Nail inspection can give a great deal of information about the internal working of the body as well, and like tongue or iris inspection, has a long history of diagnostic use in cantraditional medical practices such as Chinese medicine.

Unusual thickness is associated with circulation problems. Thinning nails and itchy skin are associated with lichen planus[4]. Clubbing, or nails that curve down around the fingertips with nail beds that bulge is associated with oxygen deprivation and lung, heart, or liver disease. Spooning, or nails that grow upwards is associated with iron or B12 deficiency. Flatness can indicate a B12 vitamin deficiency[5] or Raynaud's disease[6] Pitting of the nails is associated with Psoriasis. Horizontal ridges indicate stress, and Beau's lines are associated with many serious conditions.

Vertical ridges are associated with arthritis[7]. Vertical grooves are associated with kidney disorders, aging, and iron deficiency[8]. Beading is associated with rheumatoid arthritis[9]. Nails that resemble hammered brass are associated with or portend hair loss[10].

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Short small beds are associated with heart disease[11]. Mee's lines are associated with arsenic or thallium poisoning, and renal failure. White lines across the nail are associated with heart disease, liver disease, or a history of a recent high fever[12]. Opaque white nails with a dark band at the fingertip are associated with cancer, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, diabetes and aging[13]. Paleness or whitening is associated with liver or kidney disease and anemia[14].

Yellowing of the nail bed is associated with chronic bronchitis, lymphatic problems, diabetes, and liver disorders. Brown or copper nail beds are associated with arsenic or copper poisoning, and local fungal infection. Grey nail beds are associated with arthritis, edema, malnutrition, post-operative effects, glaucoma and cardio-pulmonary disease[15].

Stains of the nail plate not the nail bed are associated with nail polish[16], smoking, and henna use. Pink and white nails are associated with kidney disease[17]. Parallel white lines in the nails are associated with hypoalbuminemia. In humans, there are two kinds of sweat glands which differ greatly in both the composition of the sweat and its purpose: Also " click " here "How our body Sweats" to see a short movie on sweat glands. Eccrine sweat glands are exocrine glands distributed over the entire body surface but are particularly abundant on the palms of hands, soles of feet, and on the forehead.

The primary function is body temperature regulation. Eccrine sweat glands are coiled tubular glands derived leading directly to the most superficial layer of the epidermis outer layer of skin but extending into the inner layer of the skin dermis layer. They are distributed over almost the entire surface of the body in humans and many other species but are lacking in some marine and fur-bearing species. The sweat glands are controlled by sympathetic cholinergic nerves which are controlled by a center in the hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus senses core temperature directly, and also has input from temperature receptors in the skin and modifies the sweat output, along with other thermoregulatory processes. Human eccrine sweat is composed chiefly of water with various salts and organic compounds in solution. It contains minute amounts of fatty materials, urea, and other wastes.

The sweat of other species generally differs in composition. Apocrine sweat glands only develop during early- to mid-puberty approximately age 15 and release more than normal amounts of sweat for approximately a month and subsequently regulate and release normal amounts of sweat after a certain period of time. Apocrine sweat glands produce sweat that contains fatty materials. These glands are mainly present in the armpits and around the genital area and their activity is the main cause of sweat odor, due to the bacteria that break down the organic compounds in the sweat from these glands. Emotional stress increases the production of sweat from the apocrine glands, or more precisely: Apocrine sweat glands essentially serve as scent glands.

In some areas of the body, these sweat glands are modified to produce wholly different secretions, including the cerumen "wax" of the outer ear. Other glands, such as Mammary glands, are greatly enlarged and modified to produce milk. The sebaceous glands are glands found in the skin of mammals.

They secrete an oily substance called sebum Latin, meaning fat or tallow that is made of fat lipids and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. These glands exist in humans throughout the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin.

Sebaceous glands can usually be found in hair-covered areas where they are connected to hair follicles to deposit sebum on the hairs, and bring it to the skin surface along the hair shaft. The structure consisting of hair, hair follicle and sebaceous gland is also known as pilosebaceous unit. Sebaceous glands are also found in non haired areas of lips, eyelids, penis, labia minora and nipples; here the sebum reaches the surface through ducts. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst; sebaceous glands are thus classified as holocrine glands.

Sebum is odorless, but its bacterial breakdown can produce odors. Sebum is the cause of some people experiencing "oily" hair if it is not washed for several days. Earwax is partly sebum, as is mucopurulent discharge, the dry substance accumulating in the corners of the eye after sleeping. The activity of the sebaceous glands increases during puberty because of heightened levels of androgens. Sebaceous glands are involved in skin problems such as acne and keratosis pilaris.

A blocked sebaceous gland can result in a sebaceous cyst. The prescription drug isotretinoin significantly reduces the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands, and is used to treat acne. The extreme use up to 10 times doctor prescribed amounts of anabolic steroids by bodybuilders to prevent weight loss tend to stimulate the sebaceous glands which can cause acne.

The sebaceous glands of a human fetus in utero secrete a substance called Vernix caseosa, a "waxy" or "cheesy" white substance coating the skin of newborns. The preputial glands of mice and rats are large modified sebaceous glands that produce pheromones. Earwax , also known by the medical term cerumen , is a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals.

It plays a vital role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungus, and insects. A comprehensive review of the physiology and pathophysiology of cerumen can be found in Roeser and Ballachanda.

Cerumen is produced in the outer third of the cartilaginous portion of the human ear canal. It is a mixture of viscous secretions from sebaceous glands and less-viscous ones from modified apocrine sweat glands. Two distinct genetically determined types of earwax are distinguished -- the wet-type which is dominant, and the dry type which is recessive.

Asians and Native Americans are more likely to have the dry type of cerumen grey and flaky , whereas Caucasians and Africans are more likely to have the wet type honey-brown to dark-brown and moist. Cerumen type has been used by anthropologists to track human migratory patterns, such as those of the Inuit. The difference in cerumen type has been tracked to a single base change an single nucleotide polymorphism in a gene known as "ATP-binding cassette C11 gene". In addition to affecting cerumen type, this mutation also reduces sweat production.

The researchers conjecture that the reduction in sweaty testicles was beneficial to the ancestors of East Asians and Native Americans who are thought to have lived in cold climates. Cleaning of the ear canal occurs as a result of the "conveyor belt" process of epithelial migration, aided by jaw movement. Cells formed in the center of the tympanic membrane migrate outwards from the umbo at a rate equivalent to that of fingernail growth to the walls of the ear canal, and accelerate towards the entrance of the ear canal.

The cerumen in the canal is also carried outwards, taking with it any dirt, dust, and particulate matter that may have gathered in the canal. Jaw movement assists this process by dislodging debris attached to the walls of the ear canal, increasing the likelihood of its extrusion. Lubrication prevents desiccation and itching of the skin within the ear canal known as asteatosis. The lubricative properties arise from the high lipid content of the sebum produced by the sebaceous glands.

In wet-type cerumen at least, these lipids include cholesterol, squalene, and many long-chain fatty acids and alcohols. Antibacterial and antifungal roles. While studies conducted up until the s found little evidence supporting an antibacterial role for cerumen, more recent studies have found that cerumen provides some bactericidal protection against some strains of bacteria.

The growth of two fungi commonly present in otomycosis was also significantly inhibited by human cerumen. These antimicrobial properties are due principally to the presence of saturated fatty acids, lysozyme and, especially, to the relatively low pH of cerumen typically around 6. Mammary glands are the organs that, in the female mammal, produce milk for the sustenance of the young.

These exocrine glands are enlarged and modified sweat glands and are the characteristic of mammals which gave the class its name. The basic components of the mammary gland are the alveoli hollow cavities, a few millimetres large lined with milk-secreting epithelial cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. These alveoli join up to form groups known as lobules , and each lobule has a lactiferous duct that drains into openings in the nipple. The myoepithelial cells can contract, similar to muscle cells, and thereby push the milk from the alveoli through the lactiferous ducts towards the nipple, where it collects in widenings sinuses of the ducts.

A suckling baby essentially squeezes the milk out of these sinuses. One distinguishes between a simple mammary gland , which consists of all the milk-secreting tissue leading to a single lactiferous duct, and a complex mammary gland , which consists of all the simple mammary glands serving one nipple. Humans normally have two complex mammary glands, one in each breast, and each complex mammary gland consists of simple glands.

The presence of more than two nipples is known as polythelia and the presence of more than two complex mammary glands as polymastia. Also, "click" this; "Breast tissue" , to this a movie visual of the breast. The development of mammary glands is controlled by hormones. The mammary glands exist in both sexes, but they are rudimentary until puberty when in response to ovarian hormones, they begin to develop in the female.

Click this [1] to see what breast tissue does in a female during menustration. Estrogen promotes formation, while testosterone inhibits it. At the time of birth, the baby has lactiferous ducts but no alveoli. Little branching occurs before puberty when ovarian estrogens stimulate branching differentiation of the ducts into spherical masses of cells that will become alveoli. True secretory alveoli only develop in pregnancy, where rising levels of estrogen and progesterone cause further branching and differentiation of the duct cells, together with an increase in adipose tissue and a richer blood flow.

Colostrum is secreted in late pregnancy and for the first few days after giving birth. True milk secretion lactation begins a few days later due to a reduction in circulating progesterone and the presence of the hormone prolactin. The suckling of the baby causes the release of the hormone oxytocin which stimulates contraction of the myoepithelial cells. As described above, the cells of mammary glands can easily be induced to grow and multiply by hormones.

If this growth runs out of control, cancer results. Almost all instances of breast cancer originate in the lobules or ducts of the mammary glands. As a whole, the integumentary system plays a big part in maintaining homeostasis. The integumentary system is the outermost organ system of the body and many of its functions are related to this location.

The skin protects the body against pathogens and chemicals, minimizes loss or entry of water, and blocks the harmful effects of sunlight. Sensory receptors in the skin provide information about the external environment, helping the skin regulate body temperature in response to environmental changes and helping the body react to pain and other tactile stimuli. The large surface area of the skin makes it ideal for temperature regulation. The rate of heat loss can be regulated by the amount of blood flowing through the blood vessels in the dermis close to the surface of the skin.

When the body temperature rises, as for example during exercise, sympathetic tone is reduced and this brings about dilation of the blood vessels supplying the skin. The increase in skin blood flow allows heat to be lost more rapidly so that body temperature does not rise above the normal homeostatic range. The rate of heat loss can also be boosted by the production of sweat, which takes up additional heat as it evaporates.

Conversely, if heat production is less than required, the dermal vessels constrict, sweating stops, and heat is conserved by the body. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord are protected by bony structures, membranes, and fluid. The brain is held in the cranial cavity of the skull and it consists of the cerebrum , cerebellum , and the brain stem. The nerves involved are cranial nerves and spinal nerves. The nervous system has three main functions: Sensory input is when the body gathers information or data, by way of neurons, glia and synapses.

The nervous system is composed of excitable nerve cells neurons and synapses that form between the neurons and connect them to centers throughout the body or to other neurons. These neurons operate on excitation or inhibition, and although nerve cells can vary in size and location, their communication with one another determines their function. These nerves conduct impulses from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

The data is then processed by way of integration of data, which occurs only in the brain. After the brain has processed the information, impulses are then conducted from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, which is called motor output. Glia cells are found within tissues and are not excitable but help with myelination, ionic regulation and extracellular fluid. The nervous system is comprised of two major parts, or subdivisions, the central nervous system CNS and the peripheral nervous system PNS. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.

The brain is the body's "control center". The CNS has various centers located within it that carry out the sensory, motor and integration of data. These centers can be subdivided to Lower Centers including the spinal cord and brain stem and Higher centers communicating with the brain via effectors. The PNS is a vast network of spinal and cranial nerves that are linked to the brain and the spinal cord.

It contains sensory receptors which help in processing changes in the internal and external environment. This information is sent to the CNS via afferent sensory nerves. The PNS is then subdivided into the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system. The autonomic has involuntary control of internal organs, blood vessels, smooth and cardiac muscles. The somatic has voluntary control of skin, bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. The two systems function together, by way of nerves from the PNS entering and becoming part of the CNS, and vice versa.

When the central nervous system becomes damaged or peripheral nerves become trapped, it can increase or decrease your internal organs functionality, it can even affect your facial expressions, i. Even your ability to orgasm can be affected. The central nervous system CNS represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system PNS , it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.

The CNS is conceived as a system devoted to information processing, where an appropriate motor output is computed as a response to a sensory input. Many threads of research suggest that motor activity exists well before the maturation of the sensory systems, and senses only influence behavior without dictating it. Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed by neurons in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a wide variety in the shape, size, and electrochemical properties of neurons.

For instance, the soma of a neuron can vary in size from 4 to micrometers in diameter. The soma cell body is the central part of the neuron. It contains the nucleus of the cell and therefore is where most protein synthesis occurs. The nucleus ranges from 3 to 18 micrometers in diameter. The dendrites of a neuron are cellular extensions with many branches, and metaphorically this overall shape and structure are referred to as a dendritic tree. This is where the majority of input to the neuron occurs. However, information outflow i. This explains one-way conduction of nerve impulse.

The axon is a finer, cable-like projection which can extend tens, hundreds, or even tens of thousands of times the diameter of the soma in length. The axon carries nerve signals away from the soma and also carry some types of information back to it. Many neurons have only one axon, but this axon may - and usually will - undergo extensive branching, enabling communication with many target cells. The part of the axon where it emerges from the soma is called the 'axon hillock'. Besides being an anatomical structure, the axon hillock is also the part of the neuron that has the greatest density of voltage-dependent sodium channels.

This makes it the most easily-excited part of the neuron and the spike initiation zone for the axon: While the axon and axon hillock are generally involved in information outflow, this region can also receive input from other neurons as well. The axon terminal is a specialized structure at the end of the axon that is used to release neurotransmitter chemicals and communicate with target neurons. Although the canonical view of the neuron attributes dedicated functions to its various anatomical components, dendrites and axons often act in ways contrary to their so-called main function.

Axons and dendrites in the central nervous system are typically only about a micrometer thick, while some in the peripheral nervous system are much thicker. The soma is usually about 10—25 micrometers in diameter and often is not much larger than the cell nucleus it contains. The longest axon of a human motor neuron can be over a meter long, reaching from the base of the spine to the toes.

Sensory neurons have axons that run from the toes to the dorsal columns, over 1. Giraffes have single axons several meters in length running along the entire length of their necks. Much of what is known about axonal function comes from studying the squids' giant axon, an ideal experimental preparation because of its relatively immense size 0. Sensory afferent neurons convey information from tissues and organs into the central nervous system.

Efferent neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to the effector cells and are sometimes called motor neurons. Interneurons connect neurons within specific regions of the central nervous system. Afferent and efferent can also refer generally to neurons which, respectively, bring information to or send information from the brain region.

Excitatory neurons excite their target postsynaptic neurons or target cells causing it to function. Motor neurons and somatic neurons are all excitatory neurons. Excitatory neurons in the brain are often glutamatergic. Spinal motor neurons, which synapse on muscle cells, use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter. Inhibitory neurons inhibit their target neurons.

Inhibitory neurons are also known as short axon neurons, interneurons The output of some brain structures neostriatum, globus pallidus, cerebellum are inhibitory. The primary inhibitory neurotransmitters are GABA and glycine. Modulatory neurons evoke more complex effects termed neuromodulation. These neurons use such neurotransmitters as dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and others.

Each synapses can receive both excitatory and inhibitory signals and the outcome is determined by the adding up of summation.

The release of an excitatory neurotransmitter e. The current then flows to the resting polarized segment of the axon. This increase prevents depolarization, causing a decrease in the possibility of an axon discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the operation will cancel itself out. This effect is referred to as summation. There are two types of summation: Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses firing several times to add up, thus causing an axon discharge. It also occurs within inhibitory synapses, where just the opposite will occur.

In temporal summation, it causes an increase of the frequency at the same synapses until it is large enough to cause a discharge. Spatial and temporal summation can occur at the same time as well. The neurons of the brain release inhibitory neurotransmitters far more than excitatory neurotransmitters, which helps explain why we are not aware of all memories and all sensory stimuli simultaneously. The majority of information stored in the brain is inhibited most of the time.

When excitatory synapses exceed the number of inhibitory synapses there are, then the excitatory synapses will prevail over the other. The same goes with inhibitory synapses, if there are more inhibitory synapses than excitatory, the synapses will be inhibited. To determine all of this is called summation.

Neurons can be classified according to their electrophysiological characteristics note that a single action potential is not enough to move a large muscle, and instead will cause a twitch. Tonic or regular spiking: Some neurons are typically constantly or tonically active.

Some neurons are notable for their fast firing rates. For example, some types of cortical inhibitory interneurons, cells in globus pallidus.

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Action potentials of some neurons are more narrow compared to the others. For example, interneurons in the prefrontal cortex are thin-spike neurons. The central nervous system is the control center for the body. It regulates organ function, higher thought, and movement of the body. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. When a nerve is stimulated the resting potential changes. Examples of such stimuli are pressure, electricity, chemicals, etc. Different neurons are sensitive to different stimuli although most can register pain.

The stimulus causes sodium ion channels to open. The rapid change in polarity that moves along the nerve fiber is called the "action potential. If threshold does not occur, then no action potential can occur. This moving change in polarity has several stages:. When the potassium ions are below resting potential mV. Since the cell is hyper polarized, it goes to a refractory phrase. The brain is found in the cranial cavity.

Within it are found the higher nerve centers responsible for coordinating the sensory and motor systems of the body forebrain. The brain stem houses the lower nerve centers consisting of midbrain, pons, and medulla ,. The pons houses the control centers for respiration and inhibitory functions. Here it will interact with the cerebellum. The cerebrum, or top portion of the brain, is divided by a deep crevice, called the longitudinal sulcus. The longitudinal sulcus separates the cerebrum in to the right and left hemispheres.

In the hemispheres you will find the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and the limbic system. The two hemispheres are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. The right hemisphere is responsible for the left side of the body while the opposite is true of the left hemisphere. Each of the two hemispheres are divided into four separated lobes: Located deep to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum is the insula.

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that is located posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons. It coordinates skeletal muscles to produce smooth, graceful motions. The cerebellum receives information from our eyes, ears, muscles, and joints about what position our body is currently in proprioception. It also receives output from the cerebral cortex about where these parts should be. After processing this information, the cerebellum sends motor impulses from the brain stem to the skeletal muscles.

The whole of EVE feels like that. Because I know that today, tomorrow, and the day after, EVE will always be real. If you click our links to online stores and make a purchase we may receive a few pennies. Find more information here. EVE Online's free to play update might change your mind. Doomsday lasers light up the galaxy in Eve's most destructive battle in four years.

Sins Of A Solar Empire: Rebellion and Geneshift free on Steam until tomorrow. Mechanicus adds hidden missions and tunes balance. Hitman 2's holiday update lets us murder Home Alone's Wet Bandits again. Bladed Fury is out now with killer looks at slashed price. In part two, this Friday, Rich goes out to shoot some stuff. Jump to comments Rich Stanton Contributor More by me. If you liked him on Next Food Network Star, you'll love this book. He makes food science understandable, the recipes look good. Apr 29, Fullfaun rated it it was amazing.

Apr 09, Jacquelyn Merryfield rated it it was amazing. Every recipe I made 9 was flawless.

Mutual Mastication (a ten minute play) (eTens) eBook: Justin Warner: www.newyorkethnicfood.com: Kindle Store

Well written and I loved his thought process throughout. May 02, Peter Young rated it it was amazing. Food porn at its finest. If you like Alton Brown you'll like this book. Heck the foreword is by Alton. Andrea Pinedo rated it really liked it Jul 02, Alessandro rated it really liked it Apr 27, Rambling Reader rated it it was amazing Jan 18, Fjain rated it liked it Aug 10, Danny Stokes rated it liked it Dec 28, Chris Golden rated it really liked it Jan 26, Kimberly rated it it was amazing Dec 23, Nickel rated it it was amazing Apr 10, Robert E Hanifen Jr rated it it was amazing Jan 13, Brian rated it liked it May 06, Bethany rated it really liked it Apr 29, Mansi Shah rated it did not like it Jan 19, Tzivi rated it really liked it Feb 22, George Stopka rated it really liked it Mar 22, Ree rated it really liked it Dec 08, Valerie rated it it was ok Feb 24, Valerie rated it really liked it Jan 03, Barbara rated it liked it Feb 28, Joe Birdwell rated it it was amazing Jun 13, Allison Springer rated it liked it Jul 18, Cary Cromer rated it it was amazing Dec 25, There are no discussion topics on this book yet.

He continues to be a frequent guest on Food Network and will host a new Food Network web series launching in Warner was a waiter at Danny Meyer's acclaimed restaurant The Modern prior to starting his own career as a chef. Books by Justin Warner.