The CIA in Xinjiang, Part One

• The CIA in Xinjiang, Part One - One Agent's Dubious Undertakings in Western China (Paperback).
• The Work Of A Nation. The Center of Intelligence.!
• East Asia/Southeast Asia :: China — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency?
• Two Centuries Plus: The Story of New Brunswick Seminary (Historical Series of the Reformed Church in America).
• Whispers and Moans: Interviews with the Men and Women of Hong Kongs Sex Industry.
• Wise Womans Guide to Writing a Business Plan (Wise Womans Guides).
• Secondary Navigation?

A new building - constructed in the form of an ancient bronze cooking vessel called a ding - was opened in on People's Square. It houses some , items including bronzes, ceramics, paintings, calligraphy, furniture, jades, ancient coins, seals, and sculptures. View of the Pudong area in Shanghai from across the Huongpu River. The Pudong is a rapidly developing business district in the city. View of The Bund area in Shanghai.

Most of the buildings were built in the early 20th century in a Neoclassical style by European and American businesses. Designed by a local architectural company and completed in , it is m 1, ft tall and has a revolving restaurant, exhibition facilities, restaurants, a shopping mall, and the Space Hotel. The antenna for TV and radio broadcasting adds m ft to the total height. The Huxinting Teahouse Mid-Lake Pavilion Teahouse in Shanghai was built as a pavilion in the middle of an artificial lake in , but converted to a teahouse in It can accommodate patrons at a time and is visited by people from all over the world.

Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai, which dates to the Ming Dynasty 14thth centuries , contains two hectares five acres of delicate pavilions and winding paths. Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai dates to the Ming Dynasty 14thth centuries. Its two hectares five acres display a variety of sights including caves, grottoes, and a 14 m 46 ft artificial mountain. Panda munching bamboo stalks at the Chongqing Zoo. Lesser pandas at the Chongqing Zoo. The mosque in downtown Urumqi, Xinjiang Province was built in One of the most beautiful parts of the structure is its prayer hall, decorated with glazed tiles in colorful patterns of flowers and plants.

The ruins of Jiaohe in the Yarnaz Valley 10 km 6 mi west of Turpan. An important site along the Silk Road, the city was situated on an islet in the middle of a river, which served as a natural barrier and enabled the city to be built without walls. Camels outside of Gaochang, the ruins of an ancient city 30 km 18 mi southeast of Turpan.

Built in the first century B. The city was burnt and destroyed in wars of the 14th century, but many impressive temple and palace ruins remain. The lake gets its name from its shape. Activities in this area include camel riding, dune paragliding, and sand sledding. Most tourists visit in the evening to avoid the heat. The Emin Minaret was begun in and completed in only one year. It is the tallest minaret in China 44 m, ft and is named in honor of Emin Khoja, a heroic Turpan general.

Gardens surround the Emin Mosque and Minaret in Turpan. A statue of Emin Khoja stands before the minaret. The tomb, under an earthen pyramid, was discovered in and excavations are ongoing. The ceramic army that accompanied the ruler into the afterlife is estimated to consist of over 8, soldiers each with a unique face , chariots with horses, and cavalry horses.

Some 3, inscribed stelae and stone carvings are housed at this site that has been called the "Cradle of Calligraphy. A local legend of a tiger that leapt across the narrowest point of the gorge gives the site its name. A view of Southern China and the Gulf of Tonkin. Additionally, parts of several Southeast Asian countries may be seen. Thailand appears in the bottom left hand corner, with Burma to the north, and Laos to the northeast.

Also visible in this image is Vietnam, which is northeast of Laos, and the expanse of southeastern China dominates the rest of the image. At the center-right of the image, circled in a black outline, is the island of Hong Kong. Hong Kong sits on the South China Sea, which is mostly under cloud cover in this image.

West of the South China Sea is the island of Hainan, seen at bottom-center, which separates the sea from the Gulf of Tonkin to the west. In this image, the Gulf of Tonkin is saturated with what seems to be a mixture of sediment and phytoplankton. An area in northern Shanxi Province imaged on 9 January The low sun angle and light snow cover highlight a section of the Great Wall, visible as a black line snaking diagonally through the image from lower left to upper right.

The Great Wall actually a series of walls is over 2, years old and was built over a period of 1, years. Stretching 8, km 5, mi from Korea to the Gobi Desert, it was built to protect China from northern marauders. Click on photo for higher resolution. The rugged texture of the Altun Mountains upper left that forms part of the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau contrasts dramatically with the Takla Makan Desert of western China. Immediately north to the right of the mountains are large alluvial fans, gradually sloping downward in elevation.

Sand dunes and sand ridges are visible along the northern lower right margin of the image. The Takla Makan is one of the world's largest and hottest sandy deserts. Water flowing into the Tarim Basin has no outlet so, over the years, sediments have steadily accumulated. In parts of the desert, sand can pile up to m roughly 1, ft high.

The mountains that enclose the sea of sand - the Tien Shan in the north and the Kunlun Shan in the south - are also covered with what appears to be a significantly thicker layer of snow. The Brahmaputra River carves a narrow west-east valley between the Tibetan Plateau to the north and the Himalaya Mountains to the south, as it rushes eastward for more than 1, km mi in southwestern China. This km 9-mi stretch is situated about 35 km 22 mi south of the ancient Tibetan capital of Lhasa where the river flow becomes intricately braided as it works and reworks its way through extensive deposits of erosional material.

An oblique view of the Himalayas as seen from the International Space Station, km mi up. The view looks south over the Tibetan Plateau and features Mt. Everest and Makalu the 1st and 5th highest mountains in the world respectively. The image almost looks like a picture taken from an airplane until you remember that the summits of Makalu [left 8, m: This detailed photograph taken from the International Space Station highlights the northern approach to Mount Everest from Tibet.

Turmoil in Hong Kong, Terrorism in Xinjiang: America’s Covert War on China

Known as the northeast ridge route, climbers travel along the East Rongbuk Glacier top right to camp at the base of Changtse Mountain. From this point at approximately 6, m 20, ft above sea level, the North Col - a sharp-edged pass carved by glaciers, center - is ascended to reach a series of progressively higher camps along the North Face of Everest, culminating in Camp VI at 8, m 27, ft above sea level. Climbers make their final push to the summit not visible, just off the bottom edge of the image from this altitude.

Besides the world's tallest peaks, the Himalayan Mountain Range holds thousands of glaciers. In southern China, just north of the border with Nepal, one unnamed Himalayan glacier flows from southwest to northeast, creeping down a valley terminating in a glacial lake. Shown in this natural-color satellite image, mountains on either side of the glacier cast long shadows to the northwest. From a bowl-shaped cirque, the glacier flows downhill. Where the ice passes over especially steep terrain, ripple marks on the glacier surface indicate the icefall. Northeast of the icefall, the glacier's surface is mostly smooth for several kilometers until a network of crevasses mark the surface.

At the end of the glacier's deeply crevassed snout sits a glacial lake, coated with ice in this wintertime picture. Just as nearby mountains cast shadows, the crevassed glacier casts small shadows onto the lake's icy surface. This glacial lake is bound by the glacier snout on one end, and a moraine - a mound formed by the accumulation of sediments and rocks moved by the glacier - on the other. Glaciers in the Qilian Mountain range of central China as viewed from the International Space Station at an altitude of about km mi.

The icy tongues extend to the left from the higher elevations at the right. It is the highest and largest salt water lake in the world 4, m 15, ft above sea level; 1, sq km sq mi in area. This entry usually highlights major historic events and current issues and may include a statement about one or two key future trends. This entry identifies the country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.

This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the centroid or center point of a country expressed in degrees and minutes; it is based on the locations provided in the Geographic Names Server GNS , maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency on behalf of the US Board on Geographic Names. This entry includes the name of the Factbook reference map on which a country may be found. Note that boundary representations on these maps are not necessarily authoritative. The entry on Geographic coordinates may be helpful in finding some smaller countries.

This entry includes three subfields.

Upcoming Events

This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements revised provided by the US Bureau of the Census. This entry contains the total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries. When available, official lengths published by national statistical agencies are used. Because surveying methods may differ, country border lengths reported by contiguous countries may differ. Afghanistan 91 km, Bhutan km, Burma km, India km, Kazakhstan km, North Korea km, Kyrgyzstan km, Laos km, Mongolia km, Nepal km, Pakistan km, Russia northeast km, Russia northwest 46 km, Tajikistan km, Vietnam km.

This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area including islands and the sea. This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCLOS , which alone contains the full and definitive descriptions: This entry includes a brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year. This entry contains a brief description of the topography.

This entry includes both the mean elevation and the elevation extremes. Mount Everest highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level. This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth elements REEs.

In general, products appear only if they make a significant contribution to the economy, or are likely to do so in the future. This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land use: This entry gives the number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water. This entry provides a summary description of the population dispersion within a country.

While it may suggest population density, it does not provide density figures. This entry lists potential natural disasters. For countries where volcanic activity is common, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active volcanoes. Environment - current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Acidification - the lowering of soil and water pH due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation; this process disrupts ecosystem nutrient flows and may kill freshwater fish and plants dependent on more neutral or alkaline conditions see acid rain.

Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxi. Environment - international agreements: This entry separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.

This entry includes miscellaneous geographic information of significance not included elsewhere. This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends.

The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. Starting with the Factbook, demographic estimates for some countries mostly African have explicitly taken into account t. This entry provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective. Chinese singular and plural. This entry provides an ordered listing of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population. This entry provides a listing of languages spoken in each country and specifies any that are official national or regional languages.

When data is available, the languages spoken in each country are broken down according to the percent of the total population speaking each language as a first language. For those countries without available data, languages are listed in rank order based on prevalence, starting with the most-spoken language. This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali known as Baha'u'llah in Iran in , Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God.

Its guiding focus is to encourage the unity of all peoples on the earth so that justice and peace m. This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations high percentage under age 15 need to invest more in schools, while countries with older population.

This is the population pyramid for China. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top.

The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab. Dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others.

Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. This entry is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Niger and Uganda to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a high.

The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus or deficit of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure e. Rapid population growth can be seen as. This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1, persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate.

The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population. This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1, population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth.

This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining. This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1, persons based on midyear population. An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration e.

The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population chan. This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time.

Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising th. Major urban areas - population: This entry provides the population of the capital and up to six major cities defined as urban agglomerations with populations of at least , people. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city.

For smaller countries, lacking urban centers of , or more, only the population of the capital is presented. This entry includes the number of males for each female in five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries.

For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertilit. The maternal mortality rate MMR is the annual number of female deaths per , live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management excluding accidental or incidental causes.

The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year. This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1, live births in the same year.

This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. Life expectancy at birth: This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.

This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate TFR is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman.

This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. A rate of two children per woman is considered the replaceme. This entry provides the total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP.

This entry gives the number of medical doctors physicians , including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1, of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that f. This entry provides the number of hospital beds per 1, people; it serves as a general measure of inpatient service availability.

Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases, beds for both acute and chronic care are included. Because the level of inpatient services required for individual countries depends on several factors - such as demographic issues and the burden of disease - there is.

This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country. Improved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: Unimproved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved sanitation facilities available to segments of the population of a country.

Improved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: Unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: This entry gives an estimate of all people adults and children alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year. This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States.

These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. Obesity - adult prevalence rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.

Turmoil in Hong Kong, Terrorism in Xinjiang: America’s Covert War on China | New Eastern Outlook

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: This entry gives the percent of children under five considered to be underweight. Underweight means weight-for-age is approximately 2 kg below for standard at age one, 3 kg below standard for ages two and three, and 4 kg below standard for ages four and five. Among the most recent new additions to security apparatus in Xinjiang itself are small drones shaped like birds with realistically flapping wings, according to a June report from the South China Morning Post. It reportedly has a GPS antenna and could be able to fly a pre-programmed route or operate under line-of-sight control.

They have already begun implementing the social scoring system on a more widespread basis. Cops are now wearing Google Glass-style headsets with similar recognition capabilities to spot repeat offenders for crimes as minor as jaywalking. In the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, public restrooms use facial recognition software to give out only a specific amount of toilet paper per person.

Even the police dogs have cameras. As security personnel and automated systems scrape so much data in cyberspace and in the physical world, China has also begun to invest heavily in artificial intelligence systems that could help sort through it faster. Domestic companies still remain dominant , though, working hand-in-hand with the authorities to provide new messaging software for personal computers and cell phones that double as a way for the government to keep tabs on individuals.

Shop the drive

It's a reality that has likely only made it more difficult for the CIA and other foreign intelligence services to employ their own distinct encrypted communications tools in China, which would easily stand out from normal phone and internet use. The suggestion that the CIA is increasingly abandoning internet-based communication for operations in China indicates that at least some portions of the U. That is no small victory for the Chinese and could threaten to give them an advantage given their own intelligence collecting successes in the United States and elsewhere.

Chinese officials, who are now turning to automated face-scanning machines to meter out toilet paper, are clearly hoping to make it as difficult as possible for external and internal actors to have any sort of unsanctioned impact. The original version of the story incorrectly stated in a picture caption that the NSA headquarters was located in Northern Virginia.

By Joseph Trevithick August 17, Carter Ian Ames Dimensions: Paperback - Trade Pages: Review This Product No reviews yet - be the first to create one! Subscribe to our newsletter Some error text Name. Email address subscribed successfully. A activation email has been sent to you. Please click the link in that email to activate your subscription.