Beautiful

Can you give an example of something that was developed in reshoots? One of the things we picked up in additional photography was the battle at the end of the film where the Dora Milaje, the female warriors, are surrounded, and right at the last minute they get saved by the male Jabari warriors. I said to Ryan, I really feel we've built up the most spectacular female empowerment figures and they've been kicking ass this entire movie and then right at the end, to have the men come in and save them undercuts what we built up throughout the film.

Ryan thought and thought about it, and said what if some of the Jabari warriors were female? They had already shot this massive battle sequence with all the Jabari warriors being men, so in additional photography they went and they created some female Jabari warriors. Just to drive the point home, the very first warrior who breaks through the force field and saves the Dora Milaje is a female warrior.

And that's one of the examples how additional photography just took something and made it better. When people hear reshoots they often assume the film is in trouble. Is that not the case? It's not necessarily that it's broken, it's more like how can we make this character's motives clearer?

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What is the audience finding confusing? Is there something we need to set up a little stronger, is there something we can make funnier, is there something that we can make more emotional? It's kind of like putting on another coat of polish now that the movie is more of a living, breathing thing and you can see it clearer.

What are the smallest things you change in additional photography? Sometimes it's just a line here or there.

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We did little pickups to strengthen W'Kabi's motives, adding in a line here or there understanding why he supported Killmonger. Jordan and T'Challa Chadwick Boseman. Was there a longer version of the movie? The amount of footage we got for Panther was incredible. We had almost hours of footage, which is a lot. We had to find the best story in those many stories. We wanted to spend enough time with each character so that they had depth, but not spend too much time that you go off on a tangent and lose all momentum or take all the focus away from the main character. It's this constant juggling act of how much time spent on what, how to streamline things, and get enough information across that you understand and that you care.

And how to make the film political without being preachy, because it could have veered in either direction. Killmonger, we worked on that character so much. It was such a delicate balancing act because we wanted to empathize with the antagonist and understand where he's coming from but ultimately realize he's going about it in the wrong way. It was a monster job. What sort of thing did you have to take out? Every scene had to come down to half its length. Ryan's such a deep thinker that there are so many layers to everything, but sometimes you just have to keep moving the train forward.

What was the thing you were most sad to see go? There was a scene early on in the film with Zuri and T'Challa where you got to see Zuri as his mentor, and they're talking about T'Challa's father. It was such a beautiful character moment, and it just killed the momentum of the film. We were really concerned if you don't see Zuri as the mentor, and you don't see them bond, are you gonna care when he gets killed later? But ultimately what happens is, when he does get killed, T'challa's reaction is so strong and so powerful and Chadwick's performance is so emotional that even though I might not have necessarily cared about Zuri because I didn't get to know him that well, I cared about T'Challa, so when I see him that devastated, it devastated me.

So ultimately we're like this is a beautiful thing -- bye! You gotta kill your babies just for the good of the film. Beautiful Soup offers tools for reconstructing the initial parse of the document. It might be the same as. It points to whatever element was parsed immediately before this one:. You should get the idea by now. You can use these iterators to move forward or backward in the document as it was parsed:. These filters show up again and again, throughout the search API.

The simplest filter is a string.

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Pass a string to a search method and Beautiful Soup will perform a match against that exact string. You can avoid this by passing in a Unicode string instead. If you pass in a regular expression object, Beautiful Soup will filter against that regular expression using its search method. If you pass in a list, Beautiful Soup will allow a string match against any item in that list. The value True matches everything it can. This code finds all the tags in the document, but none of the text strings:.

If none of the other matches work for you, define a function that takes an element as its only argument. The function should return True if the argument matches, and False otherwise. If you pass in a function to filter on a specific attribute like href , the argument passed into the function will be the attribute value, not the whole tag. The function can be as complicated as you need it to be. I gave several examples in Kinds of filters , but here are a few more:. Some of these should look familiar, but others are new. What does it mean to pass in a value for string , or id?

Recall from Kinds of filters that the value to name can be a string , a regular expression , a list , a function , or the value True. You can filter an attribute based on a string , a regular expression , a list , a function , or the value True. This code finds all tags whose id attribute has a value, regardless of what the value is:.

Using class as a keyword argument will give you a syntax error. As of Beautiful Soup 4. You can also search for the exact string value of the class attribute:. With string you can search for strings instead of tags. As with name and the keyword arguments, you can pass in a string , a regular expression , a list , a function , or the value True. Here are some examples:. Although string is for finding strings, you can combine it with arguments that find tags: Beautiful Soup will find all tags whose.

The string argument is new in Beautiful Soup 4. In earlier versions it was called text:. This can take a while if the document is large. If you call mytag. See the difference here:. But the recursive argument is different: These two lines of code are equivalent:. These two lines of code are nearly equivalent:.

That trick works by repeatedly calling find:. The only differences are in what parts of the tree they search. These methods do the opposite: The connection is very strong. These search methods actually use. For these methods, all that matters is that an element match the filter, and show up later in the document than the starting element. Beautiful Soup supports the most commonly-used CSS selectors. Just pass a string into the. This is all a convenience for users who know the CSS selector syntax. And if CSS selectors are all you need, you might as well use lxml directly: I covered this earlier, in Attributes , but it bears repeating.

You can rename a tag, change the values of its attributes, add new attributes, and delete attributes:. It works just like calling. If you need to add a string to a document, no problem—you can pass a Python string in to append , or you can call the NavigableString constructor:. If you want to create a comment or some other subclass of NavigableString , just call the constructor:. What if you need to create a whole new tag? The best solution is to call the factory method BeautifulSoup. It works just like. It returns the tag or string that was extracted:. At this point you effectively have two parse trees: You can go on to call extract on a child of the element you extracted:.

It returns the new wrapper:. You can call prettify on the top-level BeautifulSoup object, or on any of its Tag objects:. If you just want a string, with no fancy formatting, you can call unicode or str on a BeautifulSoup object, or a Tag within it:. The str function returns a string encoded in UTF See Encodings for other options.

You can also call encode to get a bytestring, and decode to get Unicode. If you then convert the document to a string, the Unicode characters will be encoded as UTF By default, the only characters that are escaped upon output are bare ampersands and angle brackets. You can change this behavior by providing a value for the formatter argument to prettify , encode , or decode. Beautiful Soup recognizes six possible values for formatter.

Finally, if you pass in a function for formatter , Beautiful Soup will call that function once for every string and attribute value in the document. You can do whatever you want in this function. It returns all the text in a document or beneath a tag, as a single Unicode string:. But at that point you might want to use the.

Beautiful Soup will pick a parser for you and parse the data. But there are a few additional arguments you can pass in to the constructor to change which parser is used. The first argument to the BeautifulSoup constructor is a string or an open filehandle—the markup you want parsed. You can override this by specifying one of the following:. The section Installing a parser contrasts the supported parsers. Right now, the only supported XML parser is lxml.

Beautiful Soup presents the same interface to a number of different parsers, but each parser is different. Different parsers will create different parse trees from the same document. There are also differences between HTML parsers. But if the document is not perfectly-formed, different parsers will give different results. Differences between parsers can affect your script.

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That will reduce the chances that your users parse a document differently from the way you parse it. That sure would be nice. The autodetected encoding is available as the. Unicode, Dammit guesses correctly most of the time, but sometimes it makes mistakes. Sometimes it guesses correctly, but only after a byte-by-byte search of the document that takes a very long time. If Unicode, Dammit needs to do this, it will set the. This lets you know that the Unicode representation is not an exact representation of the original—some data was lost.

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You can also call encode on the BeautifulSoup object, or any element in the soup, just as if it were a Python string:. You can use Unicode, Dammit without using Beautiful Soup. The more data you give Unicode, Dammit, the more accurately it will guess. If you have your own suspicions as to what the encoding might be, you can pass them in as a list:. Beautiful Soup prefers the default behavior, which is to convert Microsoft smart quotes to Unicode characters along with everything else:. Sometimes a document is mostly in UTF-8, but contains Windows characters such as again Microsoft smart quotes.

This can happen when a website includes data from multiple sources. You can use UnicodeDammit. This document is a mess. The snowmen are in UTF-8 and the quotes are in Windows You can display the snowmen or the quotes, but not both:. Note that you must know to call UnicodeDammit.

Beautiful Soup assumes that a document has a single encoding, whatever it might be. You can use copy. The only real difference is that the copy is completely detached from the original Beautiful Soup object tree, just as if extract had been called on it:. The SoupStrainer class allows you to choose which parts of an incoming document are parsed. If you use html5lib, the whole document will be parsed, no matter what.

The SoupStrainer class takes the same arguments as a typical method from Searching the tree: Here are three SoupStrainer objects:.

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You can also pass a SoupStrainer into any of the methods covered in Searching the tree. New in Beautiful Soup 4. Just looking at the output of diagnose may show you how to solve the problem. Even if not, you can paste the output of diagnose when asking for help. There are two different kinds of parse errors. And there is unexpected behavior, where a Beautiful Soup parse tree looks a lot different than the document used to create it.

Almost none of these problems turn out to be problems with Beautiful Soup. This is not because Beautiful Soup is an amazingly well-written piece of software. Instead, it relies on external parsers. See Installing a parser for details and a parser comparison. Again, the solution is to install lxml or html5lib. Beautiful Soup will never be as fast as the parsers it sits on top of. That said, there are things you can do to speed up Beautiful Soup.

Beautiful Soup parses documents significantly faster using lxml than using html. You can speed up encoding detection significantly by installing the cchardet library. Beautiful Soup 3 is the previous release series, and is no longer being actively developed. You can also download a tarball of Beautiful Soup 3. The documentation for Beautiful Soup 3 is archived online.

Most code written against Beautiful Soup 3 will work against Beautiful Soup 4 with one simple change. All you should have to do is change the package name from BeautifulSoup to bs4. Although BS4 is mostly backwards-compatible with BS3, most of its methods have been deprecated and given new names for PEP 8 compliance. There are numerous other renames and changes, and a few of them break backwards compatibility. Beautiful Soup 4 uses html.