The Later Works of Titian

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Titian - Wikipedia

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Or, get it for Kobo Super Points! Ratings and Reviews 0 0 star ratings 0 reviews. Overall rating No ratings yet 0. To this period belongs a more extraordinary work, The Death of St. Only copies and engravings of this proto- Baroque picture remain. It combined extreme violence and a landscape, mostly consisting of a great tree, that pressed into the scene and seems to accentuate the drama in a way that looks forward to the Baroque.

The artist simultaneously continued a series of small Madonnas , which he placed amid beautiful landscapes, in the manner of genre pictures or poetic pastorals. The Virgin with the Rabbit , in The Louvre , is the finished type of these pictures. Another work of the same period, also in the Louvre , is the Entombment. This was also the period of the three large and famous mythological scenes for the camerino of Alfonso d'Este in Ferrara , The Bacchanal of the Andrians and the Worship of Venus in the Museo del Prado , and the Bacchus and Ariadne —23 in London , [20] "perhaps the most brilliant productions of the neo-pagan culture or "Alexandrianism" of the Renaissance , many times imitated but never surpassed even by Rubens himself.

Finally this was the period when Titian composed the half-length figures and busts of young women, probably courtesans , such as Flora of the Uffizi , or Woman with a Mirror in the Louvre the scientific images of this painting are available, with explanations, on the website of the French Center for Research and Restoration of the Museums of France.

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This painting was done for Alessandro Farnese, but a later variant was produced for Philip II, for whom Titian painted many of his most important mythological paintings. Although Michelangelo adjudged this piece deficient from the point of view of drawing, Titian and his studio produced several versions for other patrons.

Another famous painting is Bacchus and Ariadne , depicting Theseus , whose ship is shown in the distance and who has just left Ariadne at Naxos, when Bacchus arrives, jumping from his chariot, drawn by two cheetahs, and falling immediately in love with Ariadne. Bacchus raised her to heaven. Her constellation is shown in the sky.

During the next period — , Titian developed the style introduced by his dramatic Death of St. In , the Venetian government, dissatisfied with Titian's neglect of his work for the ducal palace, ordered him to refund the money he had received, and Il Pordenone , his rival of recent years, was installed in his place. However, at the end of a year Pordenone died, and Titian, who meanwhile applied himself diligently to painting in the hall the Battle of Cadore , was reinstated. This major battle scene was lost—with many other major works by Venetian artists—in the fire that destroyed all the old pictures in the great chambers of the Doge's Palace.

It depicted in life-size the moment when the Venetian general d'Alviano attacked the enemy, with horses and men crashing down into a stream. It was Titian's most important attempt at a tumultuous and heroic scene of movement to rival Raphael 's Battle of Constantine , Michelangelo's equally ill-fated Battle of Cascina , and Leonardo da Vinci 's The Battle of Anghiari these last two unfinished. There remains only a poor, incomplete copy at the Uffizi, and a mediocre engraving by Fontana. The Speech of the Marquis del Vasto Madrid, was also partly destroyed by fire.

But this period of the master's work is still represented by the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Venice, , one of his most popular canvasses, and by the Ecce Homo Vienna , Despite its loss, the painting had a great influence on Bolognese art and Rubens, both in the handling of details and the general effect of horses, soldiers, lictors, powerful stirrings of crowds at the foot of a stairway, lit by torches with the flapping of banners against the sky.

These violent scenes viewed in perspective from below were by their very nature in unfavorable situations. They were nevertheless much admired and imitated, Rubens among others applying this system to his forty ceilings the sketches only remain of the Jesuit church at Antwerp. At this time also, during his visit to Rome , the artist began a series of reclining Venuses: Giorgione had already dealt with the subject in his Dresden picture, finished by Titian, but here a purple drapery substituted for a landscape background changed, by its harmonious colouring, the whole meaning of the scene.

He painted the likenesses of princes, or Doges, cardinals or monks, and artists or writers. The composition is steeped both in the Roman tradition of equestrian sculpture and in the medieval representations of an ideal Christian knight, but the weary figure and face have a subtlety few such representations attempt. His children were also made nobles of the Empire, which for a painter was an exceptional honor.

As a matter of professional and worldly success his position from about this time is regarded as equal only to that of Raphael , Michelangelo and, at a later date, Rubens. In he received a pension from d'Avalos, marquis del Vasto, and an annuity of crowns which was afterwards doubled from Charles V from the treasury of Milan.

Another source of profit, for he was always aware of money, was a contract obtained in for supplying grain to Cadore, where he visited almost every year and where he was both generous and influential. Titian had a favorite villa on the neighboring Manza Hill in front of the church of Castello Roganzuolo from which it may be inferred he made his chief observations of landscape form and effect.

The so-called Titian's mill, constantly discernible in his studies, is at Collontola, near Belluno. He visited Rome in and obtained the freedom of the city—his immediate predecessor in that honor having been Michelangelo in He could at the same time have succeeded the painter Sebastiano del Piombo in his lucrative office as holder of the piombo or Papal seal , and he was prepared to take Holy Orders for the purpose; but the project lapsed through his being summoned away from Venice in to paint Charles V and others in Augsburg.

He was there again in , and executed the portrait of Philip II , which was sent to England and was useful in Philip's suit for the hand of Queen Mary. During the last twenty-six years of his life — , Titian worked mainly for Philip II and as a portrait-painter. He became more self-critical, an insatiable perfectionist, keeping some pictures in his studio for ten years—returning to them and retouching them, constantly adding new expressions at once more refined, concise, and subtle.

He also finished many copies that his pupils made of his earlier works.

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This caused problems of attribution and priority among versions of his works—which were also widely copied and faked outside his studio during his lifetime and afterwards. For Philip II, he painted a series of large mythological paintings known as the "poesie", mostly from Ovid , which scholars regard as among his greatest works. Titian was producing religious works for Philip at the same time. The "poesie" series contained the following works:. For each problem he undertook, he furnished a new and more perfect formula.

He never again equaled the emotion and tragedy of The Crowning with Thorns Louvre ; in the expression of the mysterious and the divine he never equaled the poetry of the Pilgrims of Emmaus ; while in superb and heroic brilliancy he never again executed anything more grand than The Doge Grimani adoring Faith Venice, Doge's Palace , or the Trinity , of Madrid. On the other hand, from the standpoint of flesh tints, his most moving pictures are those of his old age, such as the poesie and the Antiope of the Louvre.

He even attempted problems of chiaroscuro in fantastic night effects Martyrdom of St. Laurence , Church of the Jesuits, Venice; St. Titian had engaged his daughter Lavinia, the beautiful girl whom he loved deeply and painted various times, to Cornelio Sarcinelli of Serravalle. She had succeeded her aunt Orsa, then deceased, as the manager of the household, which, with the lordly income that Titian made by this time, placed her on a corresponding footing. The marriage took place in She died in childbirth in Titian was at the Council of Trent towards , of which there is a finished sketch in the Louvre.

His friend Aretino died suddenly in , and another close intimate, the sculptor and architect Jacopo Sansovino , in In September Titian went to Cadore and designed the decorations for the church at Pieve, partly executed by his pupils. One of these is a Transfiguration, another an Annunciation now in S. Salvatore, Venice , inscribed Titianus fecit , by way of protest it is said against the disparagement of some persons who caviled at the veteran's failing handicraft.

It is suggested that members of Titian's Venice workshop probably painted the curtain and Luke, because of the lower quality of those parts.

List of works by Titian

He continued to accept commissions to the end of his life. He apparently intended it for his own tomb chapel. He had selected, as his burial place, the chapel of the Crucifix in the Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, the church of the Franciscan Order. He nearly finished this work, but differences arose regarding it, and he settled on being interred in his native Pieve.



While the plague raged in Venice, Titian died of a fever on 27 August He lies near his own famous painting, the Madonna di Ca' Pesaro. No memorial marked his grave. Much later the Austrian rulers of Venice commissioned Antonio Canova to sculpt the large monument still in the church. Very shortly after Titian's death, his son, assistant and sole heir Orazio also died of the plague, greatly complicating the settlement of his estate, as he had made no will.

Titian never attempted engraving , but he was very conscious of the importance of printmaking as a means to expand his reputation. In the period — he designed a number of woodcuts , including an enormous and impressive one of The Crossing of the Red Sea , intended as wall decoration in substitute for paintings; [33] and collaborated with Domenico Campagnola and others, who produced additional prints based on his paintings and drawings. Much later he provided drawings based on his paintings to Cornelis Cort from the Netherlands who engraved them.

Martino Rota followed Cort from about to Titian employed an extensive array of pigments and it can be said that he availed himself of virtually all available pigments of his time. Titian's wife, Cecilia, was a barber's daughter from his hometown village of Cadore. As a young woman she had been his housekeeper and mistress for some five years. Cecilia had already borne Titian two fine sons, Pomponio and Orazio , when in she fell seriously ill. Titian, wishing to legitimize the children, married her.

Cecilia recovered, the marriage was a happy one, and they had another daughter who died in infancy. Titian remarried, but little information is known about his second wife; she was possibly the mother of his daughter Lavinia. In August Titian moved his two boys and infant daughter to a new home and convinced his sister Orsa to come from Cadore and take charge of the household.

The mansion, difficult to find now, is in the Biri Grande, then a fashionable suburb, at the extreme end of Venice, on the sea, with beautiful gardens and a view towards Murano. In about he had become acquainted, and soon close friends, with Pietro Aretino , the influential and audacious figure who features so strangely in the chronicles of the time.

Titian sent a portrait of him to Gonzaga, duke of Mantua. Several other artists of the Vecelli family followed in the wake of Titian. Francesco Vecellio , his older brother, was introduced to painting by Titian it is said at the age of twelve, but chronology will hardly admit of this , and painted in the church of S. Vito in Cadore a picture of the titular saint armed. This was a noteworthy performance, of which Titian the usual story became jealous; so Francesco was diverted from painting to soldiering, and afterwards to mercantile life.

Marco Vecellio , called Marco di Tiziano, Titian's nephew, born in , was constantly with the master in his old age, and learned his methods of work.



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He has left some able productions in the ducal palace, the Meeting of Charles V. Giacomo di Rialto, an Annunciation ; in SS. Giovani e Paolo, Christ Fulminant. A son of Marco, named Tiziano or Tizianello , painted early in the 17th century. From a different branch of the family came Fabrizio di Ettore , a painter who died in His brother Cesare, who also left some pictures, is well known by his book of engraved costumes, Abiti antichi e moderni. Tommaso Vecelli , also a painter, died in There was another relative, Girolamo Dante, who, being a scholar and assistant of Titian, was called Girolamo di Tiziano.