Genocide Red (The Genocide Series Book 1)

He said that it was "like falling off the branch of the tree" and that he had to re-identify everything he had believed in. With the takeover of Cambodia by Vietnam in and the discovery of incontestable evidence of Khmer Rouge atrocities, including mass graves, the "tales told by refugees", which had been doubted by many Western academics, proved to be entirely accurate. Some former enthusiasts for the Khmer Rouge recanted their previous views, others diverted their interest to other issues, and a few continued to defend the Khmer Rouge.

I have no interest in defending everything the Khmer government does, and I believe that the policy of self-reliance has been carried so far that it has imposed unnecessary costs on the population of Cambodia. Shawcross, however, clearly does have an interest in rejecting our conclusions. It is time, I suggest, for him to examine it carefully, because it does not make for intellectual honesty.

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Porter had changed his views on the Khmer Rouge and it is a tribute to his own integrity that he now agrees that the Khmer Rouge have imposed 'unnecessary costs' on the Cambodian people. He should, however, be a little more careful before he accuses others of deliberately falsifying evidence and of intellectual dishonesty. In , Porter said he had been waiting many years for someone to ask him about his earlier views of the Khmer Rouge.

He described how the climate of distrust of the government generated during the Vietnam War carried over to Cambodia. They were lying," he explained. I was right about the bloodbath in Vietnam, so I assumed I would be right about Cambodia. Australian Ben Kiernan recanted after interviewing Cambodian refugees in He admitted that he had been "late in recognizing the extent of the tragedy in Cambodia In the opinion of Donald W.

In fact, the U. The actions of the United States were largely responsible for the growth of the Khmer Rouge. Certain authors have continued to downplay Khmer Rouge atrocities in recent years. Richard Dudman, who accompanied Caldwell to Cambodia, challenged the "conventional wisdom that Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge are irrational fanatics who practiced deliberate genocide [and] slaughtered more than one million Cambodians" in a New York Times editorial, arguing that "The evidence for these fixed beliefs consists mainly of poignant though statistically inconclusive anecdotes from accounts of mass executions in a few villages.

It comes mostly from those with an interest in blackening the name of the Khmer Rouge: From Cambodian refugees, largely the middle- and upper-class victims of the Pol Pot revolution, and from the Vietnamese". As for the mass killings, these are just horror stories, averred my Cambodian interlocutors. Surely the victorious peasants shot marauders and spies, but many more died of American-planted mines and during the subsequent Vietnamese takeover, they said Noam Chomsky assessed that the death toll in Cambodia may have been inflated 'by a factor of a thousand' In , the Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen passed legislation which makes illegal the denial of the Cambodian genocide and other war crimes committed by the Khmer Rouge.

The legislation was passed after comments by a member of the opposition, Kem Sokha , who is the deputy president of the Cambodian National Rescue Party. Sokha had stated that exhibits at Tuol Sleng were fabricated and that the artifacts had been faked by the Vietnamese following their invasion in Sokha's party have claimed that the comments have been taken out of context.

Estimates of the number of Cambodians who died during the four years of Khmer Rouge rule have been controversial and range from less than one million to more than three million. His deputy, Craig Etcheson, undertook the most complete survey of mass graves and evidence of executions in Cambodia and concluded in that the Khmer Rouge may have executed as many as 1. Kiernan criticized Etcheson for "sloppiness, exaggerating a horrific death toll", and "ethnic auctioneering".

Etcheson's report was removed from the web site of the Cambodian Genocide Project. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Historical negationism Historical revisionism. The Modern History of a Troubled Land. Khmer Rouge apologists easily outnumbered those who believed a tragedy was under way. These people had been vociferous opponents of the Vietnam War And to them, whatever the U.

Before the subcommittee, Porter said simply that it was 'a myth that between one million and two million Cambodians have been victims of a regime led by genocidal maniacs. A few weeks earlier Noam Chomsky , an author and academic, offered an article in the Nation that conflated the American bombing and the Khmer Rouge horrors and made the same broad argument as the other apologists. He cited 'highly qualified specialists' whom he did not name, but 'who have studied the full range of evidence available, and who have concluded that executions numbered at most in the thousands.

Noam Chomsky and the Cambodian Controversy". Retrieved 27 January Random House, , p. Reader's Digest Press, , pp. The New York Review of Books. Customers who viewed this item also viewed. Param Vir Chakra Stories. From Surprise To Victory.

An Indian Spy in Pakistan. A New History of the World. Review "This is a dark and amazing tale, an essential reminder. See all Product description. To get the free app, enter mobile phone number. See all free Kindle reading apps. Start reading The Blood Telegram on your Kindle in under a minute. Don't have a Kindle? Vintage; Reprint edition 15 July Language: Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a product review.

Showing of 62 reviews. Top Reviews Most recent Top Reviews. There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later. I had no knowledge of the history of Bangladesh and this book was upsetting. The thesis of the book is that Nixon and Kissinger personally ensured that the government of West Pakistan had a steady supply of US weapons and diplomatic cover during a brutal genocide against Bangladeshis and Hindus in what was then East Pakistan.

Nixon comes off as an ignorant racist who thinks "Indians are cunning, traitorous people". Kissinger comes off as deeply cold, he does not care even when one of his former students is murdered in Bangladesh. Kissinger's realpolitik belief that anything at all was justified in order to avoid nuclear conflict with the USSR is thrown into stark relief by the book.

Kissinger was perfectly comfortable with slaughtering Hindus by the thousands if it got him a back channel to Beijing via Pakistan. The book was fascinating and I went and read The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan immediately after finishing this book in order to understand more about South Asian history. The present book gives details of the Pakistani Army atrocities over the Bangladesh residents and the conspiracy of President Nixon and his Security advisor Mr Henry Kissinger against India and Indians,it is clear from the book they shamefully did illegal acts, worked against the principles of Great America, they worked against the staff of the White House, against consul general at Dacca, Ambassador of USA in India.

The more details of their madness will come after the documents are open after a time. India established its preeminence position in Asia after this War. They gave buff to India and tried to intimidate the great democracy who was fighting for a just cause.

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They both joined against the human rights and democratic rights of the people of Bangla Desh. It was India, its Great Prime Minister, its true democratic nature and fight for the just cause that defeated these two persons. I strongly recommend this nice book to others who are interested to this period apart from the students of the modern history of Asia.

So far best book on the subject. A very well researched book. An excellent book for those interested in strategic tactics intertwined with politics and military warfare. Very interesting read overall! Thus you are able to put yourself in their shoes and see how they are taking decisions. The book mostly follows a chronological order of occurrences. So it is easy to imagine the entire thing happening along with all the cause and effects. Lastly, the book is not a war history but an intertwined narrative of political and military tactics. So those interested in the military tactical details of war won't get a lot from this book, except may be an overview.

Read it if you are interested in the politics that leads to the war. Genocide due to Nixon and Kissinger. The telegram by Blood is just a two-minute part in the entire 3-hour movie. It could neither stop the war nor influence the outcome. Perhaps the author wanted to have a dramatic title. Subtitle damaging to India: The author deserves credit for all the hard work, research and investigation. The book gives a wealth of information on the subject. The war was a result of two villains, Nixon and Kissinger, and one rogue, Yahya Khan, backed by them. Much of the slaughter was brought on by the fur trade.

The Aleuts in the Aleutians were subjected to genocide and slavery by the Russians for the first 20 years of Russian rule, with the Aleut women and children captured by the Russians and Aleut men slaughtered. The Russian colonization of Siberia and treatment of the resident indigenous peoples has been compared to European colonization of the Americas, with similar negative impacts on the indigenous Siberians as upon the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

One of these commonalities is the appropriation of indigenous peoples' land. In , the new Meiji government renamed Ezo as Hokkaido and unilaterally incorporated it into Japan. It banned the Ainu language, took Ainu land away, and prohibited salmon fishing and deer hunting.

Japan's native people, the Ainu, have, however, been the object of a particularly cruel hoax, as the Japanese have refused to accept them officially as a separate minority people. In the letter they blamed the Japanese, the Tsarist Russians and the Soviets for crimes against the Ainu such as killings and assimilation, and also urged him to recognize the Japanese genocide against the Ainu people, which was turned down by Putin.

The Vietnamese also conquered Champa and settled its territory with Vietnamese migrants during the march to the south after fighting repeated wars with Champa, shatterring Champa in the invasion of Champa in and finally completing the conquest in under Emperor Minh Mang. Anti-Zunghar Uyghur rebels from the Turfan and Hami oases had submitted to Qing rule as vassals and requested Qing help for overthrowing Zunghar rule.

Uyghur leaders like Emin Khoja were granted titles within the Qing nobility, and these Uyghurs helped supply the Qing military forces during the anti-Zunghar campaign. The Qing were the ones who unified Xinjiang and changed its demographic situation. It was the Qing who contributed to the rise of Turkic Muslim power in the region since Mongol power was crushed by the Qing while Turkic Muslim culture and identity was tolerated or even promoted by the Qing. Kim Lacy Rogers wrote: In places like the United States , Australia , New Zealand , Canada settler colonialism caused the indigenous population to decrease by over half after becoming a British colony.

Foreign land viewed as attractive for settlement was declared as terra nullius or "nobody's land". The indigenous inhabitants were therefore denied any sovereignty or property rights in the eyes of the British. Colonization like this usually caused a large decrease in the indigenous population from war, newly introduced diseases , massacre by colonists and attempts at forced assimilation. The settlers from Britain and Europe grew rapidly in number and created entirely new societies. The indigenous population became an oppressed minority in their own country.

The gradual violent expansion of colonies into indigenous land could last for centuries, as it did in the Australian frontier wars and American Indian Wars. Genocide and discrimination has a severely negative impact on the indigenous peoples. Aborigines were only granted the right to vote in It has proven a controversial question whether the drastic population decline can be considered an example of genocide, and scholars have argued whether the process as a whole or specific periods and local processes qualify under the legal definition.

Raphael Lemkin , the originator of the term "genocide", considered the colonial replacement of Native Americans by English and later British colonists to be one of the historical examples of genocide. The so-called extinction of the Tasmanian Aborigines is regarded as a classic case of near genocide by Lemkin, most comparative scholars of genocide, and many general historians, including Robert Hughes , Ward Churchill , Leo Kuper and Jared Diamond , who base their analysis on previously published histories. Of an estimated population in of over half a million, fewer than 50, Australian Aborigines survived by Most perished from introduced diseases, but possibly 20, Aborigines were killed by British troops, police, and settlers in warfare and massacres accompanying their dispossession.

Both forced adoption and forced contraception would fall under the provisions of the UN genocide convention. From to , the world experienced a rubber boom. Rubber prices skyrocketed, and it became increasingly profitable to extract rubber from rainforest zones in South America and Central Africa. Rubber extraction was labor-intensive, and the need for a large workforce had a significant negative effect on the indigenous population across Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia and in the Congo.

The owners of the plantations or rubber barons were rich, but those who collected the rubber made very little, as a large amount of rubber was needed to be profitable. Rubber barons rounded up all the Indians and forced them to tap rubber out of the trees. One plantation started with 50, Indians and when the killings were discovered, only 8, were still alive.

These rubber plantations were part of the Brazilian rubber market which declined as rubber plantations in Southeast Asia became more effective.

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Roger Casement , an Irishman travelling the Putumayo region of Peru as a British consul during , documented the abuse, slavery, murder and use of stocks for torture against the native Indians: Atrocities against the indigenous African population by the German colonial empire can be dated to the earliest German settlements on the continent.

It was also reported that, between and , the indigenous population of Togo, German East Africa GEA and the Cameroons suffered from various human rights abuses including starvation from scorched earth tactics and forced relocation for use as labour. The Japanese performed "bacterial experiments" on the Oroqen people and forced opium on them which led to death and their population declining until only 1, remained. The Japanese also forced Oroqen adults older than 18 to take opium.

After 2 Japanese troops were killed in Alihe by an Oroqen hunter, the Japanese poisoned 40 Oroqen to death. Ethnic cleansing in the Soviet Union. The genocide of indigenous tribes is still an ongoing feature in the modern world, with the ongoing depopulation of the Jivaro , Yanomami and other tribes in Brazil having been described as genocide. The commission gave a provisional ruling that genocide had not been committed by the state, but did express concern over "possible abuses by private persons in remote areas of the territory of Paraguay. In Bangladesh , the persecution of the indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts such as the Chakma , Marma, Tripura, Jumma people and others who are mainly Buddhists , Hindus , Christians , and Animists , has been described as genocidal, with Chackmas reportedly the worst affected.

The perpetrators were the Bangladeshi military and the Bengali people of the Chittagong division, who together have burned down Chackma homes, killed many Chakmas, and there were some reports of rape of the indigenous women. There are also accusations of Chakmas being forced to convert to Islam. The conflict started soon after Bangladeshi independence, in when the Constitution imposed Bengali as the sole official language of the country.

Subsequently, the government encouraged and sponsored massive settlement by Bangladeshis in the region, which changed the demographics from 98 percent indigenous in to fifty percent by The government allocated a full third of the Bangladeshi military to the region to support Bengali settlers, sparking a protracted guerrilla war between Hill tribes and the military.

In the late s until , the state of Brazil submitted their indigenous peoples of Brazil to violent attempts to integrate, pacify and acculturate their communities. In public prosecutor Jader de Figueiredo Correia, submitted the Figueiredo Report to the dictatorship which was then ruling the country, the report which ran to seven thousand pages was not released until The report documents genocidal crimes against the indigenous peoples of Brazil, including mass murder, torture and bacteriological and chemical warfare, reported slavery, and sexual abuse.

The rediscovered documents are being examined by the National Truth Commission who have been tasked with the investigations of human rights violations which occurred in the periods through to The report reveals that the IPS had enslaved indigenous people, tortured children and stolen land. The report also states that landowners and members of the IPS had entered isolated villages and deliberately introduced smallpox. Of the one hundred and thirty-four people accused in the report the state has as yet not tried a single one, [] since the Amnesty Law passed in the end of the dictatorship does not allow trials for the abuses which happened in such period.

The report also detailed instances of mass killings, rapes, and torture, Figueiredo stated that the actions of the IPS had left the indigenous peoples near extinction. The state abolished the IPS following the release of the report. The Red Cross launched an investigation after further allegations of ethnic cleansing were made after the IPS had been replaced. In the Democratic Republic of Congo genocidal violence against the indigenous Mbuti, Lese and Ituri peoples has been endemic for decades.

During the Congo Civil War — , Pygmies were hunted down and eaten by both sides in the conflict, who regarded them as subhuman. The report, which labeled these events as a campaign of extermination, linked much of the violence to beliefs about special powers held by the Bambuti. The aim of the operation, according to witnesses, was to rid the forest of pygmies. Following this, the Indonesian government encouraged repressive military policies to deal with ethnic protests and armed resistance in the area and encouraged settlement to the region by people from other parts of Indonesia.

The violence between and had claimed between , and , people. The repression entered the international spotlight in when a protest in Dili was disrupted by Indonesian forces who killed over people and disappeared hundreds of others. Following the international outcry, the Indonesian government began organizing a host of paramilitary groups in East Timor which continued harassing and killing pro-independence activists.

At the same time, the Indonesian government significantly increased efforts at population resettlement to the area and destruction of infrastructure and the environment used by East Timorese communities. This eventually resulted in an international intervention force to be deployed for a vote by the population for independence of East Timor in The vote was significant in favor of independence and the Indonesian forces withdrew, although paramilitaries continued carrying out reprisal attacks for a few years.

During the Guatemalan Civil War — the state forces carried out violent atrocities against the Maya. The government considered the Maya to be aligned with the communist insurgents, which they sometimes were but often were not. Guatemalan armed forces carried out three campaigns that have been described as genocidal. The first was a scorched earth policy which was also accompanied by mass killing, including the forced conscription of Mayan boys into the military where they were sometimes forced to participate in massacres against their own home villages.

The second was to hunt down and exterminate those who had survived and evaded the army and the third was the forced relocation of survivors to "reeducation centers" and the continued pursuit of those who had fled into the mountains. Children were bludgeoned to death by beating them against walls or thrown alive into mass graves where they would be crushed by the weight of the adult dead thrown atop them.

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From the time of its independence until the late s, the Indonesian government sought control of the Western half of the island of New Guinea , the area called Irian Jaya or West Papua, which had remained under the control of the Netherlands. The government of Indonesia began a series of measures aimed to suppress the organization in the s and the suppression reached high levels in the mids.

Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic at Yale Law School identified both the mass violence and the transmigration policies which encouraged Balinese and Javanese families to relocate to the area as strong evidence "that the Indonesian government has committed proscribed acts with the intent to destroy the West Papuans as such, in violation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

Freeport , one of the first lawsuits where indigenous people outside the U.

Genocide of indigenous peoples - Wikipedia

While the petitioner, an indigenous leader, claimed that the mining company Freeport-McMoRan had committed genocide through environmental destruction which "resulted in the purposeful, deliberate, contrived and planned demise of a culture of indigenous people," the court found that genocide pertains only to destruction of indigenous people and did not apply to the destruction of the culture of indigenous people; however, the court did leave open the opportunity for the petitioners to amend their filings with additional claim.

In Myanmar Burma , the long-running civil war between the Military Junta and the insurgents has resulted in widespread atrocities against the indigenous Karen people some of whom are allied with the insurgents. These atrocities have been described as genocidal. At least , Karen have been displaced from their homes by the military.

The Myanmar army burned their villages and forced them to flee the country. Mass graves of many victims of genocide were discovered. By over , Rohingya people fled to Bangladesh, who were praised for giving shelter to them. There are 17 indigenous tribes who live primarily in the Chaco region of Paraguay. In , their numbers were estimated at 86, During the period between and , when the military dictatorship of General Alfredo Stroessner ruled Paraguay, the indigenous population of the country suffered from more loss of territory and human rights abuses than at any other time in the nation's history.

According to the Tibet Society of the UK, "In all, over one million Tibetans , a fifth of the population, had died as a result of Chinese occupation right up until the end of the Cultural Revolution. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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Indian Removal and Trail of Tears. John Milton Chivington, U. Shakushain's Revolt and Menashi-Kunashir Rebellion. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met.

January Learn how and when to remove this template message. Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict. Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil. Indonesian occupation of East Timor. Internal conflict in Burma and Rohingya persecution in Myanmar —present. This article uses a definition of "indigenous peoples" similar to that used by international legislation by the UN, UNESCO and the WTO, as well as by the majority of relevant scholarship which applies to those ethnic minorities that were indigenous to a territory prior to being incorporated into a national state, and who are politically and culturally separate from the majority ethnic identity of the state that they are a part of.

Genocide of indigenous peoples

It does not define indigenous peoples as being simply the first known inhabitants of a territory. The destruction of economic values like the burning of villages and food supplies might seem barbaric. If one considers, however, on the one hand, in what short time African Negro huts are erected anew and the luxuriant growth of tropic nature gives rise to new field crops, and on the other hand the subjection of the enemy was only possible through a procedure like this, then one will consequently take a more favourable view of this dira necessitas.

Retrieved August 1, Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. It is intended rather to signify a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves. The objectives of such a plan would be disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups.

Medical and Public Health Management". These greatly weakened Native peoples, leaving them less able to resist the Europeans. However, diseases themselves were rarely the source of the genocides or the deaths caused by genocidal means. These were caused by the aggressive actions of one group towards another.