Redes Sociales II para Perezosos (Redes Sociales para Perezosos nº 2) (Spanish Edition)

Endangered sloths in boxes ready to go to a zoo When I arrived, the police was already there helping us. The local police helped us tremendously by stalling the biologists at the airport at first, and then by staying with us in front of the hotel. He explained in front of cameras that he had the intention of bringing the sloths to their zoo in Dallas, in order to study them and help their reproduction. He stated that he did not have any intention to harm these animals.

When asked why he did not study the species here, in their natural habitat which makes a lot more sense he did not have a straight answer for us. A cage is a cage. One of the protesters got in touch with the governor of Bocas del Toro to ask for help, and he declared that in his opinion, the animals should be released immediately. Sigler and his crew finally accepted our position, and agreed to free the animals the next day. He explained we could take them back to Escudo de Veraguas, where this rare species of dwarf sloths originally came from. After all, we are the least qualified to take care of these fragile animals.

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Thankfully volunteers stepped forward boat owners, and others to transport them back the next morning, and some even stayed overnight to make sure that nothing happened to the animals. We needed to make sure that Sigler kept his word. The temporary overnight enclosure for the contested pygmy sloths.

His answer was that no money was involved. As I mentioned before, this story has a happy ending to it, but one has to wonder how many times so called biologists have been in our region to steal wild animals and put them in cages? How corrupted are our politicians to let this happen?

It was thanks to an anonymous phone call that we were made aware of the situation. Had we not reacted swiftly, and had we not had the social media to spread the news, our little operation would not have been possible. I want to thank all the members of our community who have been there to help, and who cared enough to make a difference. Yesterday really made me proud to live here. Videos of the release shot by The Sea Turtle Conservancy. Crates with pygmy sloths destined for Dallas World Aquarium. Permiso debidamente firmado por las autoridades del ANAM.

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Pygmy sloth released back on Isla Escudo de Veraguas last Tuesday. De vuelta en el aeropuerto se comenzaron una serie de consultas entre los funcionarios locales y nacionales de ANAM, solicitando entonces la Ing. Como eran aproximadamente las 3: You can follow any responses to this entry through the. Both comments and pings are currently closed. I would really appreciate input from people who live in Panama. Please email me at ccvn at stanford. Basically this article give a really good feel about how we really feel about this topic over here in Panama.

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If you have any specific questions, feel free to email us. Registration Form Step 2: Placement Test Step 3: How to Learn Spanish Fast? Is Bocas del Toro Safe? Bocas del Toro Location 3: Bryson Voirin As a Panamanian, I feel sickened and outraged about how sometimes my country is sold and raped to whoever pays for it. Publications condemning the actions of the Dallas World Aquarium Attempt to export nearly-extinct pygmy sloths sets off international incident in Panama by Tanya Dimitrova, special to mongabay.

Found in Southeast Asia and bordering areas, they range from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the west to the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines in the east, and from Yunnan province in China in the north to the island of Java in the south. Although many previous classifications recognized as few as a single all-inclusive species, there are now at least eight that are considered valid: The group's closest relatives are the slender lorises of southern India and Sri Lanka. Their next closest relatives are the African lorisids , the pottos , false pottos , and angwantibos.

They are less closely related to the remaining lorisoids the various types of galago , and more distantly to the lemurs of Madagascar. Their evolutionary history is uncertain since their fossil record is patchy and molecular clock studies have given inconsistent results. Slow lorises have a round head, a narrow snout, large eyes, and a variety of distinctive coloration patterns that are species-dependent. Their arms and legs are nearly equal in length, and their trunk is long and flexible, allowing them to twist and extend to nearby branches.

The hands and feet of slow lorises have several adaptations that give them a pincer-like grip and enable them to grasp branches for long periods of time. Slow lorises have a toxic bite, a trait rare among mammals and unique to lorisid primates. The toxin is obtained by licking a gland on their arm, and the secretion is activated by mixing with saliva. Their toxic bite is a deterrent to predators, and the toxin is also applied to the fur during grooming as a form of protection for their infants.

The secretion from the arm contains a chemical related to cat allergen , but may be augmented by secondary toxins from the diet in wild individuals. Slow lorises move slowly and deliberately, making little or no noise, and when threatened, they stop moving and remain motionless. Their only documented predators—apart from humans—include snakes, changeable hawk-eagles and orangutans , although cats, civets and sun bears are suspected. Little is known about their social structure, but they are known to communicate by scent marking.

Males are highly territorial. Slow lorises reproduce slowly, and the infants are initially parked on branches or carried by either parent. They are omnivores , eating small animals, fruit, tree gum , and other vegetation. The three newest species are yet to be evaluated, but they arise from and further reduce the ranks of what was thought to be a single "vulnerable" species. All four of these are expected to be listed with at least the same, if not a higher-risk, conservation status.

All slow lorises are threatened by the wildlife trade and habitat loss. Their habitat is rapidly disappearing and becoming fragmented , making it nearly impossible for slow lorises to disperse between forest fragments; unsustainable demand from the exotic pet trade and from traditional medicine has been the greatest cause for their decline.

Deep-rooted beliefs about the supernatural powers of slow lorises, such as their purported abilities to ward off evil spirits or to cure wounds, have popularized their use in traditional medicine. Despite local laws prohibiting trade in slow lorises and slow loris products, as well as protection from international commercial trade under Appendix I , slow lorises are openly sold in animal markets in Southeast Asia and smuggled to other countries, such as Japan.

Due in part to the large eyes that are an adaptation to their nocturnal lifestyle, they have also been popularized as ' cute ' pets in viral videos on YouTube. Slow lorises have their teeth cut or pulled out for the pet trade. They make poor pets that are difficult to care for, and often die from infection, blood loss, improper caring and handling or inadequate nutrition. Slow lorises genus Nycticebus are strepsirrhine primates and are related to other living lorisoids , such as slender lorises Loris , pottos Perodicticus , false pottos Pseudopotto , angwantibos Arctocebus , and galagos family Galagidae , and to the lemurs of Madagascar.

The species is named? Nycticebus linglom , using open nomenclature the preceding "? American zoologist Dean Conant Worcester , describing the Bornean slow loris in The earliest known mention of a slow loris in scientific literature is from , when Dutchman Arnout Vosmaer — described a specimen of what we know today as N. The French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon , later questioned Vosmaer's decision to affiliate the animal with sloths, arguing that it was more closely aligned with the lorises of Ceylon now Sri Lanka and Bengal.

This etymology was later supported by the physician William Baird in the s, who noted that the Dutch word loeris signified "a clown". In , the Dutch physician and naturalist Pieter Boddaert was the first to officially describe a species of slow loris using the name Tardigradus coucang. The name derives from the Ancient Greek: Rehn clarified in that Linnaeus's name actually referred to a slender loris. Several more species were named around , including Nycticebus menagensis originally Lemur menagensis by Richard Lydekker in [34] and Nycticebus pygmaeus by John James Lewis Bonhote in They based their decision on an analysis of cranial morphology and characteristics of pelage.

In , two taxonomic synonyms formerly recognized as subspecies of N. Rachel Munds, Anna Nekaris and Susan Ford based these taxonomic revisions on distinguishable facial markings. Slow lorises have a round head [56] because their skull is shorter than in other living strepsirrhine. The foramen magnum hole through which the spinal cord enters faces directly backward.

The ears are small, [7] sparsely covered in hair, and hidden in the fur. Unlike the slender lorises, however, the white stripe that separates the eye rings broadens both on the tip of the nose and on the forehead while also fading out on the forehead. The eyes of slow lorises are forward-facing, which gives stereo vision.

Their eyes are large [21] [64] and possess a reflective layer, called the tapetum lucidum , that improves low-light vision. It is possible that this layer blurs the images they see, as the reflected light may interfere with the incoming light. They lack the opsin gene that would allow them to detect short wavelength light, which includes the colors blue and green. The dental formula of slow lorises is 2. The sublingua extends below the tip of the tongue and is tipped with keratinized , serrated points that rake between the front teeth. Slow lorises have relatively large maxillary canine teeth, their inner mesial maxillary incisors are larger than the outer distal maxillary incisors, and they have a diastema gap between the canine and the first premolar.

The first mandibular premolar is elongated, and the last molar has three cusps on the crown , the shortest of which is near the back. The bony palate roof of the mouth only goes as far back as the second molar. Slow lorises range in weight from the Bornean slow loris at grams 9. Unlike galagos, which have longer legs than arms, slow lorises have arms and legs of nearly equal length. Slow lorises have a powerful grasp with both their hands and feet due to several specializations. Since they consume a relatively high-calorie diet that is available year-round, it has been proposed that this slow metabolism is due primarily to the need to eliminate toxic compounds from their food.

For example, slow lorises can feed on Gluta bark, which may be fatal to humans. Slow lorises are found in South and Southeast Asia. Their collective range stretches from Northeast India through Indochina , east to the Sulu Archipelago the small, southern islands of the Philippines , and south to the island of Java including Borneo , Sumatra , and many small nearby islands. There are currently eight recognized species. The pygmy slow loris N.

Slow lorises range across tropical and subtropical regions [87] and are found in primary and secondary rainforests , as well as bamboo groves and mangrove forests. In general, encounter rates are low; a combined analysis of several field studies involving transect surveys conducted in South and Southeast Asia determined encounter rates ranging from as high as 0.

Little is known about the social structure of slow lorises, but they generally spend most of the night foraging alone. Vocal exchanges and alarm calls are limited; scent marking with urine is the dominant form of communication. To make contact with other individuals, they emit a single high-pitched rising tone, and females use a high whistle when in estrus. Slow lorises are slow and deliberate climbers, and often hold on to branches with three of their four limbs. Their slow, deliberate movement hardly disturbs the vegetation and is almost completely silent. Once disturbed, they immediately stop moving and remain motionless.

Documented predators include snakes, the changeable hawk-eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus , [] and Sumatran orangutans Pongo abelii. Slow lorises produce a secretion from their brachial gland a scent gland on the upper arm near the axilla that is licked and mixed with their saliva.

In tests, three predators—binturongs, clouded leopards Neofelis nebulosa , and sun bears—retreated or showed other signs of displeasure when presented with cotton swabs anointed with a mixture of the toxic secretion and the saliva, whereas the toxic secretion alone generated mild interest. Before stashing their offspring in a secure location, female slow lorises will lick their brachial glands, and then groom their young with their toothcomb, depositing the toxin on their fur.

When threatened, slow lorises may also lick their brachial glands and bite their aggressors, delivering the toxin into the wounds. Slow lorises can be reluctant to release their bite, which is likely to maximize the transfer of toxins. This toxic bite is a rare trait among mammals and unique to lorisid primates. Studies suggest that slow lorises are polygynandrous.

A seven-year study of captive-bred pygmy slow lorises showed a skewed sex distribution, with 1. Breeding may be continuous throughout the year. In captivity, they can live 20 or more years. Slow lorises are omnivores , eating insects and other arthropods , small birds and reptiles, eggs, fruits, gums , nectar and miscellaneous vegetation. The marks remaining after gouging can be used by field workers to assess loris presence in an area.

The secretion from the brachial gland of captive slow lorises is similar to the allergen in cat dander , hence the secretions may merely elicit an allergic reaction, not toxicosis. Slow loris venom was known in folklore in their host countries throughout southeast Asia for centuries; but dismissed by western science until the s.

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Animal dealers in Southeast Asia keep tanks of water nearby so that in case of a bite, they can submerge both their arm and the slow loris to make the animal let go. It is thought all nine recognised species of this small-bodied nocturnal primate are venomous. They possess a dual composite venom consisting of saliva and brachial gland exudate, a malodourous fluid forming from an apocrine sweat gland on the animal's forearm.

Both fluids have been demonstrated as being venomous individually and creating a more potent venom when mixed. Slow loris brachial gland exudate BGE has been shown to possess up to volatile components, and possesses a variant of the cat allergen protein Fel-D1. The BGE has several ecological functions including anti-parasitic defence and communication.

Slow loris saliva has been shown to be cytotoxic to human skin cells in laboratory experiments without the admix of BGE. The venom is administered through morphologically distinct dentition in the form of an adapted toothcomb. In the wild, envenomation occurs from intraspecific competition; whereby two slow lorises fight for mates, food or territory.

Slow loris inflicted wounds is a major cause of premature death in zoo and wildlife slow loris populations; often resulting in festering and necrotic wounds. Slow loris envenomation in humans is rare; but can result in near fatal anaphylactic shock. A suite of additional effects of the venom have been documented including ranging from mild to permanent disfigurement and mobility loss and near-death. Furthermore, secondary toxins may be introduced from the consumption of wild food, augmenting the toxicity.

The combined brachial secretion and saliva of recently captured wild lorises was shown to contain batrachotoxins , which were not found in slow lorises held in captivity for more than a year. The study of slow loris venom was brought to the public attention in by the research of the world-renowned Professor K.

More often, however, slow lorises are used in traditional medicine or to ward off evil. Many strange powers are attributed to this animal by the natives of the countries it inhabits; there is hardly an event in life to man, woman or child, or even domestic animals, that may not be influenced for better or worse by the Slow Loris, alive or dead, or by any separate part of it, and apparently one cannot usually tell at the time, that one is under supernatural power. Thus a Malay may commit a crime he did not premeditate, and then find that an enemy had buried a particular part of a Loris under his threshold, which had, unknown to him, compelled him to act to his own disadvantage.

In the Mondulkiri Province of Cambodia, hunters believe that lorises can heal their own broken bones immediately after falling from a branch so that they can climb back up the tree. They also believe that slow lorises have medicinal powers because they require more than one hit with a stick to die.

In Java, it was thought that putting a piece of its skull in a water jug would make a husband more docile and submissive, just like a slow loris in the daytime. More recently, researchers have documented the belief that the consumption of loris meat was an aphrodisiac that improves "male power". The gall bladder of the Bengal slow loris has historically been used to make ink for tattoos by the village elders in Pursat and Koh Kong Provinces of Cambodia.

The two greatest threats to slow lorises are deforestation and the wildlife trade.