Les aventures dun trader (Documents) (French Edition)

In addition, members of the SGL were anxious to learn about China and territories that would become part of the French Empire in "Indochina". After visiting Egypt in , this local industrialist and art collector had undertaken a world tour in , bringing back scholars from Japan, China and India, and "a veritable library and museum" Ibid.

He intended to found a school in Lyon that would "bring glory to the city, raise its intellectual level and contribute to material prosperity" Ibid. Guimet duly opened a museum in the city in but chose to donate his collections to the State five years later. In , he established his highly successful museum of oriental art in Paris Prudhomme c, The desirability of establishing French colonies in south-east Asia was discussed by M.

He urged the SGL to convey its strongest support for colonization schemes to the government in Paris Morice , ; Gomane Desgrand declared that the conflict was "legitimate by virtue of a superior law that allows ideas and products to be exchanged in the name of humanitarian progress" Debize , Lieutenant-Colonel Debize insisted that since China had developed an efficient officer class, and its army and navy were no longer "a negligible quantity" Ibid.

He noted that the French had held "a foothold in Tonkin" for ten years and urged his compatriots to "conquer the whole of our colony" Ibid. Addressing cultural matters, Father Palatre described the Chinese practice of infanticide, especially of girls Palatre Finally, Groffier acknowledged that social change in the East would be slow but insisted that France had a duty to encourage this. In his superlative language: He argued that Lyon could become "the regulating market for silk throughout the world" thanks to routes passing from the Orient through the Suez Canal. In Annam and Tonkin "much silk is produced and this could become as fine as Chinese silk; it is up to our manufacturers to develop production" Ibid.

He then advanced guiding principles for colonization: Do not imagine that your administration is the best, and that you must take it wherever you plant your flag; present yourselves as associates and respect [local] traditions, religions and customs… They may consider you to be the civilizing force, they may consider you to be Progress; the reward will be to have made a great people… who honour the flag of France" Ibid.

He asserted that, by occupying Indochina, France was preparing for "a very great place" in this trade Anon. However, he was disappointed when he compared the country "he had visited in [that was] full of promise, almost completely pacified and giving birth to trading activity, [with] the Tonkin he had just seen" Anon.

He insisted that territory beyond the main towns was dangerous for Europeans; piracy was "organized and menacing, newly established trade threatened, and French and Asian settlers discouraged and ready to give up" Ibid. Pila attributed this to "insufficient power given to governors, defective organization of defence, and perpetual conflicts and frequent changes among administrative personnel" whose staff was poorly recruited and lacked confidence Ibid. He continued to blame "the pretence by the metropolis to direct all administrative matters from a distance of 4, leagues, the premature retreat of our troops, an inappropriate application of our system of tariff duties that has paralysed commerce, and the outlawing of the opium trade" Ibid.

Among further complaints, Pila added the absence of roads and railways, but he then declared he was "full of confidence for the future of Tonkin" Ibid. He recommended that a school be opened in Lyon to train colonial administrators and repeated his fervent wish that "the future business of Tonkin should be dealt with in Tonkin and not in Paris" Ibid. Faced with this formidable critique, the new governor-general acknowledged that Indochina was not fully pacified, with internal troubles and piracy being "the consequence of extreme misery, which must be eradicated" and he invited bankers and merchants in Lyon to invest in Indochina Ibid.

Enthused by his words, the Chambre de Commerce decided to send a trade mission "to penetrate the secrets of this immense and mysterious territory… and to prepare important outlets for our own industries by establishing friendly relations, and to open up new sources of employment for our workers" Anon. Lyon was "most directly interested through its silk industry" and was taking the initiative but this mission "had the interests of the whole of France at heart" Ibid. This immense empire offered great trading opportunities but he warned France that American, British, German and Russian merchants were installed already.

By the end of the 19 th century, Lyon had become even more firmly committed to trade with China and Indochina, and returning travellers and soldiers continued to inform members of the Society Leroy-Beaulieu ; De Caix ; Cupet Important though the Far East most certainly was to the activities of the SGL as Klein has demonstrated, it was nonetheless Africa that occupied most pages in its Bulletin.

These intrepid men were feted as national heroes and their stories fuelled a popular fascination for the exotic Zerbini ; Blanchard, Lemaire Their talks guaranteed full lecture halls and increased societal funds. He thrilled his audience with a vivid description of his expedition in the Sahara. Soleillet returned to Lyon four years later as part of a lecture tour that took in Paris and five provincial cities Once again, he urged that a railway be built across the Sahara, whose population "could provide an army of workers, capable of bringing the desert into cultivation" Ibid.

One year later, he spoke again to a capacity audience in Lyon, dismissing objections to the trans-Saharan project. He insisted that extensive areas of the Sahara were not covered with treacherous shifting sands and argued that the hostile Touareg were "very brave" whilst acknowledging that they attacked caravans that failed to pay tribute Soleillet , If a railway were to be built, he claimed, "all the Sahara will be cultivated and populated within a century… France will not only serve her own commercial interests, but will be faithful to the mission she has been given — to bring civilization to the world" Ibid.

Despite such powerful rhetoric and support from De Lesseps, the railway project was not funded. His likeness appeared on cigarette packets and fountain pens, and copies of his portrait formed popular gifts. The SGL made him a corresponding member, awarded him a gold medal in , and invited him to speak about his third expedition to the Congo in A date was arranged in prior to his return to the French Congo as governor-general, but an engagement in Paris took precedence and Charles de Chavannes, "his valiant companion" born in Lyon, took his place De Chavannes , In , Louis Binger described his recent journey to the Ivory Coast informing his audience that, "War and famine has changed this region… into a vast human charnel house.

No inhabited villages, dead bodies everywhere" Binger , French colonization could improve such areas but, he argued, "Let us organize our colonies modestly, with their own budget, which will be sufficient if we do not drown them with civil servants" Ibid. One month later, Captain Trivier captivated "a large and brilliant audience" with his heroic story of travelling from the Congo to the Indian Ocean Trivier , Lieutenant Hourst explained how he studied the navigability of the river Niger below Timbuktu Hourst In members of the Society followed with rapt attention as Fernand Foureau described how the Touareg attacked his expedition, and then burst into applause when he declared that his arrival at Lake Chad linked three great areas of French occupation in Africa Foureau Henri Trilles did not spare his audience the harsh details of 19 months "without contact with the civilised world, without letters, without newspapers", through the Fang country of Gabon Trilles , In it was the turn of Dr.

Sven Hedin, not yet aged forty, who came to Lyon after his second journey to central Asia Anon. His expedition had lasted three years during which he surveyed the Tarim valley with such great precision that "few rivers in Europe are better known", undertook archaeological work on statues and Buddhist frescoes, and crossed the redoubtable Taklamkan desert, but he failed to enter the forbidden city of Lhassa Ibid.

His photographs and "the gigantic map… measuring 4m by 5m" that he had drawn to show the mountain ranges of central Asia intrigued his audience. The Bulletin described individual colonial territories but did not carry a resounding case for colonization until Fully aware of counter-arguments and failures, however he insisted that colonization was legitimate since "the accumulation of intelligence, capital and manufacturing [in Europe] should be spread to other countries whose population remains stagnant [and] without knowledge" Leroy-Beaulieu , Colonization did not appear like "a ripe fruit" but was like a plant that required "grafting, improving, cultivating, watering and fertilizing", and would "not start to yield fruits for a long time" Ibid.

French colonial administration was defective and he wanted to see an administration that was "at least more stable and less exposed to inexplicable changes" Ibid. Genuine settlers were required not amateur travellers. With his voice rising to a crescendo, he exclaimed: The State scarcely occupies itself with organizing public works [or] creating roads, railways and canals" Chailley-Bert , Three years later, M.

Westphal ended his lecture about the Ivory Coast by exclaiming, "You, young people… leave the old world and go to sunny lands from which you will bring back memories that nothing will erase" Westphal , Quoting censuses and tax returns, he described towns, villages and European farms in Algeria in very encouraging terms Champanhet a, Champanhet stressed that the project would involve territory "under Italian and German influence, and that our rivals would enjoy greater benefit than ourselves" Desgrand b, Instead, he preferred the trans-Saharan railway but cautioned that its potential impact on caravan routes and ability to attract settlers required investigation Champanhet a, In a third expedition to the chotts identified more physical obstacles, however the enthusiasm of De Lesseps was undiminished Baudot ; Anon.

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If successful, it will enrich Algeria and definitely ensure our conquest of Africa" Ibid. Subsequent reports to the Society about Algeria, such as those by governor-general Jules Cambon, focused on the consolidation of French settlement Cambon , a,b. The few settlers who arrived in the first ten years remained close to military posts, in order to avoid the "intelligent, warlike and barbarous" Kanaks whose "cannibalism and satanic ways" terrified even the most courageous Europeans Anon.

The Bulletin stressed how its penal settlements "purge France of its most dangerous criminals and keep them at little cost in the midst of the South Seas" Ibid. The penal administration on the island was "omnipotent [and] possesses , ha of cultivable land in the most fertile valleys" where maize, coffee, manioc, rice and tobacco were being grown Ordinaire , Nickel was mined, coal reserves had been identified and 2, convicts were laying roads Ibid.

Some tribes embraced Catholicism and missionary schools were changing behaviour, but he predicted: He identified Madagascar as a source of cotton, timber and "perhaps of silk, [since] silkworms live in a natural state" on the island, and he De Mahy , Let us colonize in the interest of France initially, and later — only later — in the interest of humanity" De Mahy , , In , General Joseph Gallieni, governor general of Madagascar , was welcomed to Lyon at a glittering reception in the "presence of representatives of all the colonial societies in the city" Anon.

However, by this time the SGL was paying more attention to places closer to home. Physical geography did not reappear in its pages until when Paul Privat-Deschanel examined the hydrology of the Beaujolais Privat-Deschanel Would you also like to submit a review for this item? You already recently rated this item. Your rating has been recorded. Write a review Rate this item: Preview this item Preview this item. Les aventures d'un trader: Henri de Grandmaison Publisher: French View all editions and formats Rating: More like this Similar Items.

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