Sun, Cloud, Wind
Nacreous clouds accelerate the chemical reactions that convert benign chlorofluorocarbons CFCs into ozone-destroying chlorine. During the coldest winters they can last well into the spring, trashing the ozone layer all the while. View image of Asperitas clouds Credit: Asperitas clouds are so unusual, they weren't officially recognised until June They are the first new type of cloud to be identified in over half a century.
They consist of dark, chaotic waves that seem to swirl and tumble haphazardly across the sky. Our language of clouds dates back to , when amateur scientist and earnest sky watcher Luke Howard delivered a lecture tntitled " On the Modifications of Clouds ". Howard classified clouds in terms that remain familiar today: Since then, a sprinkling of variations and sub-classifications has been added to Howard's work, leaving us with a rich nomenclature that has remained unchanged since That is, until now.
Members of the Society had been sending in photographs of "the cloud with no name": Pretor-Pinney proposed the name asperatus, meaning "roughened" or "agitated". In June , the name — slightly modified to its noun form, asperitas — was officially accepted into the World Meteorological Organisation's International Cloud Atlas, the reference system used by meteorologists across the globe. Scientists now want to find out how asperitas clouds form.
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They are most commonly spotted rolling across the North American plains, chasing convective thunderstorms. Despite their ominous appearance, they tend to dissipate without turning into storms themselves. View image of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves Credit: One of the rarest and most fleeting formations, this cartoon-like breaking wave is the Holy Grail for many cloud-spotters.
It occurs almost everywhere in the world and at all levels of the atmosphere. But it only lasts a few minutes before dispersing without a trace. The crashing wave pattern is caused when swift, warm air flows over a colder, denser, more sluggish layer. As physicists William Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz discovered, the difference in the speeds and densities of these fluids creates a shearing force where they meet , producing undulations in the boundary between the two.
If the speed difference is just right, the tops of the denser ripples can roll up, surge forwards, and tip over in a series of vortices, just like a breaking ocean wave. When clouds happen to form at the horizontal boundary, this invisible air process is briefly made visible. Though beautiful, these turbulent atmospheric waves are a sign that the air is extremely unstable and may be dangerous to aircraft.
View image of A supercell thunderstorm over Nebraska Credit: Supercells are the least common kind of thunderstorm. Their destructive might is second only to hurricanes. What sets them apart from regular violent storms is a persistent rotating updraft called a mesocyclone, which allows the storm to sustain itself over many hours. Typical thunderstorms develop from cumulonimbus clouds. These begin as dense, billowing white towers, formed when warm, moist air is carried swiftly upwards by powerful convection currents.
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As the humid air bubbles up into cooler parts of the atmosphere, the moisture condenses, transforming fluffy cotton-wool clouds into a massive, lumbering rain cloud. Given enough instability, moisture, and lift, the hefty cloud becomes electrified. When the cloud reaches the top of the troposphere — the bottom layer of Earth's atmosphere, which contains all the weather — a distinctive anvil-shaped thunderhead forms. There is evidence that this reading has had an explicit influence on the diplomacy of modern times: This showed a traveller on horseback among mountains under a stormy sky.
Her artistic statement points out that 'Advanced communication and information systems are altering how information is interpreted and perceived. Interactions within our environments are increasingly information based, ephemeral, and less concrete. To understand how these changes are impacting our personal and social spaces, I have focused on a study of information processing, and the way that memory functions to locate the individual within their world.
From this wary point of view, the sun's way of communication may differ in kind but has the same end in view. The fable is made famous by its use in phonetic descriptions of languages as an illustration of spoken language. In the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association and the Journal of the International Phonetic Association , a translation of the fable into each language described is transcribed into the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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It is recommended by the IPA for the purpose of eliciting all phonemic contrasts that occur in English when conducting tests by foreign users or of regional usage. The fable has also been proposed as a parallel text in comparative linguistics as it provides more natural language than the Lord's Prayer.
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In addition, impromptu tellings can indicate differences within languages such as dialects or national varieties. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ashliman, Wind and Sun: Lyco and Traos and Hieronymus of Rhodes: Presently there was a blinding flash of lightning, a snap and a crash, and, with that, the child took to his heels, and ran to Uncle Remus, who was standing in his door. That dust and wind and rain puts me in mind of the time when old Brer Rabbit went away off in the woods until he came to the Rainmaker's house.
He knocked and went in, and he asked the Rainmaker if he couldn't fix it up so they could have a race between Brer Dust and Cousin Rain, to see which could run the fastest.
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The Rainmaker growled and grumbled, but by and by he agreed, but he said that if it was anybody but Brer Rabbit, he wouldn't give it but one thought. Well, they fixed the day, they did, and then Brer Rabbit put out to where the creatures were staying and told them the news.
They didn't know how Brer Rabbit knew, but they all wanted to see the race. Now, he and the Rainmaker had fixed it up so that the race would be right down the middle of the big road, and when the day came, that's where he made the creatures stand -- Brer Bear at the bend of the road, Brer Wolf a little further off, and Brer Fox at a point where the crossroads were. Brer Coon and Brer Possum and the others he scattered about up and down the road.
To them who have to wait, it seems like the sun stops, and all the clocks with him. Brer Bear did some growling, Brer Wolf some howling, and Brer Possum some laughing, but after a while a cloud came up from somewhere.
The cloud crept up, it did, until it got right over the big road, and then it kind of dropped down a little closer to the ground. It looked like it kind of stopped, like a buggy, for Cousin Rain to get out, so there would be a fair start. Well he got out, because the creatures could see him, and then Uncle Wind, he got out. And then, gentlemen, the race began to commence. Uncle Wind helped them both. He had his bellows with him, and he blew them! Brer Dust got up from where he was lying and came down the road just a-whirling.
He struck old Brer Bear first, then Brer Wolf, and then Brer Fox, and after that all the other creatures, and it came mighty near suffocating them!
Nine rare and beautiful cloud formations
Never in all your born days have you ever heard such coughing and sneezing, such snorting and wheezing! And they all looked like they were painted red. Brer Bear sneezed so hard that he had to lie down in the road, and Brer Dust came mighty near burying him.