Second-order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction

For Instructors Request Inspection Copy. Although chemists, biochemists, biologists, and material scientists are often interested in using nonlinear optical techniques for characterizing their samples, they seldom have the necessary background to exploit these methods.

Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques

An Introduction focuses on the potential of second-order nonlinear optics as a powerful characterization tool. Avoiding extensive mathematical details, this multidisciplinary book does not require a background in advanced mathematics or physics.

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After introducing linear optics from the perspective of polarizability and linear susceptibility, the authors cover incoherent second-harmonic generation. They then deal with the study of surfaces and interfaces, exploiting the intrinsic surface sensitivity of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation. The final chapter discusses second-order imaging techniques, including confocal microscopy and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy.

Accessible to a wide range of scientists, this concise book stresses the reliability of nonlinear optical processes for probing surfaces and interfaces. Drawing on the insight offered in the text, scientists from many disciplines can now clearly understand and use second-order nonlinear optical methods. We provide complimentary e-inspection copies of primary textbooks to instructors considering our books for course adoption. Learn More about VitalSource Bookshelf.

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We provide a free online form to document your learning and a certificate for your records. Already read this title? Pure phase ZIF-8 has noncen- trosymmetric Im space group symmetry corresponding to octupolar T d symmetry. Morphology and structure of ZIF-8 during crystallisation measured by dynamic angle-resolved second harmonic scattering. Recent developments in nonlinear optical light scattering techniques have opened a window into morphological and structural characteristics for a variety of supramolecular systems.

However, for the study of dynamic processes, the current way of measuring is often too slow. Here we present an alternative measurement scheme suitable for following dynamic processes. Fast acquisition times are achieved through Fourier imaging, allowing simultaneous detection at multiple scattering angles for different polarization combinations. This allows us to follow the crystal growth of the metal organic framework ZIF-8 in solution.

The angle dependence of the signal provides insight into the growth mechanism by probing the evolution of size, shape and concentration, while polarization analysis yields structural information in terms of point group symmetry.

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Our findings highlight the potential of dynamic angle-resolved harmonic light scattering to probe crystal growth processes, assembly-disassembly of biological systems, adsorption, transport through membranes and myriad other applications. The DR characterizes the chro- mophore, giving grounds to the determination of appropriate hyperpolarizability tensor components from the analysis of HRS experiment.

Nonlinear optical activity of push—pull indolizine-based chromophores with various acceptor moieties. For the first time the nonlinear optical NLO activity of indolizine-based push-pull chromophores with different acceptor moieties was studied and compared.

Nonlinear-response properties in a simplified time-dependent density functional theory sTD-DFT framework: Evaluation of the first hyperpolarizability. Recent developments in nonlinear imaging microscopy show the need to implement new theoretical tools, which are able to characterize nonlinear optical properties in an efficient way. For second-harmonic imaging microscopy SHIM , quantum chemistry could play an important role to design new exogenous dyes with enhanced first hyperpolarizabilities or to characterize the response origin in large endogenous biological systems.

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Such methods should be able to screen a large number of compounds while reproducing their trends and to treat large systems in reasonable computation times. To fulfill these requirements, we present a new simplified time-dependent density functional theory sTD-DFT implementation to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability where the Coulomb and exchange integrals are approximated by short-range damped Coulomb interactions of transition density monopoles.

We challenge our implementation on three test cases: Regarding first hyperpolarizabilities, we focus on two measurable second-order NLO responses: We also computed the depolarization ratio DR , since it Regarding first hyperpolarizabilities, we focus on two measurable second-order NLO responses: We also computed the depolarization ratio DR , since it provides information on the geometry of the chromophore, i.

DR Equation 10 provides insight over the geometry of the part of the molecule responsible for the NLO response [64]. With their versatile molecular topology and aromaticity, porphyrinoid systems combine remarkable chemistry with interesting photophysical properties and nonlinear optical properties. Hence, the field of application of porphyrinoids is very broad ranging from near-infrared dyes to opto-electronic materials. From previous experimental studies, aromaticity emerges as an important concept in determining the photophysical properties and two-photon absorption cross sections of porphyrinoids.

In agreement with previous studies, the absorption spectra of aromatic systems display more intense B and Q bands in comparison to their antiaromatic homologues. The nature of these absorption bands was analyzed in detail in terms of polarization, intensity, splitting and composition. Finally, quantities such as the average polarizability and its anisotropy were found to be larger in aromatic systems, whereas first and second hyperpolarizability are influenced by the interplay between aromaticity, planarity and molecular symmetry.

Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction

To conclude, aromaticity dictates the photophysical properties in porphyrinoids, whereas it is not the only factor determining the magnitude of NLO properties. Coupled cluster evaluation of the second and third harmonic scattering responses of small molecules. As a result, longitudinal spherical aberrations are induced, which lead to a forward shift of actual focal position.

Additionally, the internal numerical aperture is decreased [62] , which leads to the deterioration of the spatial resolution. One of the solutions allowing to reduce this anomaly is to achieve the maximal possible matching of the refraction indices of the two media lens of objective and investigated media by means of an immersion liquid or solid. Development of a combined rotation anisotropy SHG, laser scanning and interferometric SHG microscopy system for material investigations.

Non-linear optical spectroscopy and two-photon excited fluorescence spectroscopy reveal the excited states of fluorophores embedded in beetle's elytra. Upon illumination by ultraviolet light, many animal species emit light through fluorescence processes arising from fluorophores embedded within their biological tissues.