Economic Geography

Economic Geography

The comprehensive knowledge of geography was enhanced several years back due to the development of maps and travel journals which had various descriptions of the native people, climate, landscape, and the productivity levels of various locations, classified as a science of cartography. Due to the vast knowledge provided by these journals, transcontinental trade patterns were established which led to the development of the economic theory and practice from the 16th century.

The further popularization of geographical knowledge was contributed to during the Second World War while the growth of economic geography as a discipline was seen after the war during the recovery and development of the economy. Various theories like the climatic determinism by Ellsworth Huntington and the Central place theory of core and periphery by Walter Christaller also played a major role. This is the first branch which investigates the earth surface that has been transformed by human activities which its main focus is on structures and agricultural landscape.

This branch entails the position or location of a particular industry, raw materials, products, and distribution and how it affects its productivity. International trade is trade done across international borders. As a result of cooperation becoming a necessity, there is a clustering in the high-tech new economy of many firms. As characterized through the work of Diane Perrons, [8] in Anglo-American literature, the New Economy consists of two distinct types.

What Is Economic Geography? - www.newyorkethnicfood.com

It seeks to explain uneven development and the emergence of industrial clusters. It does so through the exploration of linkages between centripetal and centrifugal forces, especially those of economies of scale. New Economic Geography 2 NEG2 also seeks to explain the apparently paradoxical emergence of industrial clusters in a contemporary context, however, it emphasizes relational, social, and contextual aspects of economic behaviour, particularly the importance of tacit knowledge. The main difference between these two types is NEG2's emphasis on aspects of economic behaviour that NEG1 considers intangible.

Both New Economic Geographies acknowledge transport costs, the importance of knowledge in a new economy, possible effects of externalities, and endogenous processes that generate increases in productivity. The two also share a focus on the firm as the most important unit and on growth rather than development of regions.

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As a result, the actual impact of clusters on a region is given far less attention, relative to the focus on clustering of related activities in a region. However, the focus on the firm as the main entity of significance hinders the discussion of New Economic Geography. It limits the discussion in a national and global context and confines it to a smaller scale context.

It also places limits on the nature of activities carried out in the firm and their position within the global value chain. Further work done by Bjorn Asheim and Gernot Grabher challenges the idea of the firm through action-research approaches and mapping organizational forms and their linkages. In short, the focus on the firm in new economic geographies is undertheorized in NEG1 and undercontextualized in NEG2, which limits the discussion of its impact on spatial economic development. Spatial divisions within these arising New Economic geographies are apparent in the form of the digital divide , as a result of regions attracting talented workers instead of developing skills at a local level see Creative Class for further reading.

Despite increasing inter-connectivity through developing information communication technologies, the contemporary world is still defined through its widening social and spatial divisions, most of which are increasingly gendered. Danny Quah explains these spatial divisions through the characteristics of knowledge goods in the New Economy: Social divisions are expressed through new spatial segregation that illustrates spatial sorting by income, ethnicity, abilities, needs, and lifestyle preferences.

Employment segregation can be seen through the overrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities in lower-paid service sector jobs. These divisions in the new economy are much more difficult to overcome as a result of few clear pathways of progression to higher-skilled work.

Economic geography

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the journal, see Economic Geography journal. History of economics Schools of economics Mainstream economics Heterodox economics Economic methodology Economic theory Political economy Microeconomics Macroeconomics International economics Applied economics Mathematical economics Econometrics. Economic systems Economic growth Market National accounting Experimental economics Computational economics Game theory Operations research.

The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. Scroll to chapter-preview links. Sachs and Gordon McCord. Ioannides and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg.

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An Introduction to Geographical Economics. A self-organized network" PDF. All these aspects are discussed providing a clear picture of the rationale, value added and policy relevance of this project. I am a co-principal investigator on a multi-year project examining urbanization across the world.

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The programme examines the patterns, causes, consequences, and policy implications of the spatial development of cities in developing countries, with a focus so far on China, India, sub-Saharan Africa and Vietnam. My own work in that programme focuses on:. During the last 40 years the phenomenon of urban sprawl has progressively become widespread in most developed countries.

Its surge has typically been associated to rising incomes coupled with the large-scale distribution of the car which, by reducing transportation costs, allowed individuals to move from compact urban centres to less densely populated areas. In this project we focus on Switzerland to explore i the determinants of urban sprawl and ii the political responses to urban sprawl.

We investigate the complementarity of these two policies in a setting in which local jurisdictions compete against each other to attract residents and assess their impact on urban sprawl. We explore whether the initiative — via adversely affecting the local economy and restricting the option to convert primary homes into second homes — had the effect of lowering prices of primary homes. Department of Geography and Environment research Economic Geography.

A key player in facilitating interaction between economic geography and geographical economics. Staff We play key roles as advisers and consultants to numerous international organisations, government departments and the private sector. Olmo Silva This project looks at the evolution of patterns of changes in the industrial composition of areas agglomeration and co-agglomeration over the long run in England.

In this project we empirically test this proposition by answering the following research questions: Do cuts to the state provision of public services increase or reduce and by how much? Do cuts to the state provision of public services increase or reduce the private provision of public services by the voluntary sector? What are the spatial patterns in voluntary activity, charitable giving and the provision of public services through charities and Local Authorities in the post-Coalition years and how has the response to budget cuts differed across different types of area?

Vernon Henderson I am a co-principal investigator on a multi-year project examining urbanization across Sub-Saharan Africa. So far my work in the programme focuses on: The impact of national resource rent shocks at cities at different points in the political hierarchy under different political regimes. To what extent are resource income windfalls spread across the urban hierarchy as opposed to focused on key political or large cities and how are those patterns affected by democratization.

Rapidly growing cities expand spatially and develop formal and informal neighbourhoods.

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As house and land prices escalate, do cities reconstruct especially near the city centre to have higher building; are slums gentrified or torn down? Why in some cities do traditional slums near the centre persist while in others they are redeveloped? How do different urban planning cultures leftover from the colonial era affect urban shape and sprawl.

In general, the aim is to understand the dynamics of city spatial and capital development, including the role of infrastructure investments. Vernon Henderson I am a co-principal investigator on a multi-year project examining urbanization across the world. My own work in that programme focuses on: The impact of the national highway construction in China on city growth. How to assess that impact on population relocation, GDP growth, differentiating between regional primate and other cities and assessing the impact of new highways on promotion of domestic vs international trade by cities.

The effect on city growth in China of favouritism in capital markets. In the state influenced capital markets cities preferential treatment varies as national and local political leaders change. Changes in preferential treatment affect city growth. The effect of past climate change in Africa on local urbanization.



Christian Hilber During the last 40 years the phenomenon of urban sprawl has progressively become widespread in most developed countries. Economic Geography Research seminar. Urban and Regional Economics Research seminar.