Honor Killing
In a woman was killed in Saudi Arabia by her father for "chatting" with a man on Facebook. The killing became public only when a Saudi cleric referred to the case, to criticize Facebook for the strife it caused.
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Some estimates suggest that more than honor killings occur every year in Syria. A report compiled by the Council of Europe estimated that over women were killed in honor killings in Turkey in It added that metropolitan cities were the location of many of these, due to growing immigration to these cities from the East. In Turkey, young boys are often ordered by other family members to commit the honor killing, so that they can get a shorter jail sentence because they are minors.
In a Turkish news agency reported that a 2-day-old boy who was born out of wedlock had been killed for honor in Istanbul. The maternal grandmother of the infant, along with six other persons, including a doctor who had reportedly accepted a bribe to not report the birth, were arrested. The grandmother is suspected of fatally suffocating the infant.
The child's mother, 25, was also arrested; she stated that her family had made the decision to kill the child. In a year-old girl was buried alive by relatives for befriending boys in Southeast Turkey; her corpse was found 40 days after she went missing. Honor killings continue to receive some support in the conservative regions of Turkey. The most recent was on 13 January , where a Turkish Court sentenced five members of the same Kurdish family to life imprisonment for the honor killing of Naile Erdas, a year-old girl who got pregnant as a result of rape. Honor killings are common in Yemen.
In some parts of the country, traditional tribal customs forbid contact between men and women before marriage. Honor killings in Maghreb are not as common as in the Asian countries of the Middle East and South Asia , but they do occur. In , Afghanistan recorded cases of honor killings, but the total number is believed to be much higher. Honor killings have been reported in northern regions of India , mainly in the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh , as a result of people marrying without their family's acceptance, and sometimes for marrying outside their caste or religion.
In contrast, honor killings are less prevalent but are not completely non-existent [] [] [] in South India and the western Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. In National Crime Records Bureau data shows, honor killings were reported in India, activists consider this number to be under estimation due to the misreporting of killings under general murders. Haryana has had incidences of honor killings, mainly among Meenas , Rajputs and Jats.
By what right do they demand a ban on khaps, simply because some members have undemocratic views? In March , Karnal district court ordered the execution of five perpetrators of an honor killing and imprisoning for life the khap local caste-based council chief who ordered the killings of Manoj Banwala 23 and Babli 19 , a man and woman of the same clan who eloped and married in June Despite having been given police protection on court orders, they were kidnapped; their mutilated bodies were found a week later in an irrigation canal.
The woman, Nidhi, was beaten to death and the man, Dharmender, was dismembered alive. People in the village and neighbouring villages approved of the killings. The Indian state of Punjab also has a large number of honor killings. According to data compiled by the Punjab Police, 34 honor killings were reported in the state between and The victim had screamed for help for about 20 minutes before neighbours arrived, only to find her smouldering body. She was admitted to a local hospital, where she later died from her injuries. Honor killings take place in Rajasthan , too. He had asked her to mend her ways several times in the past.
However, she did not pay heed. Out of pure rage, he chopped off her head with the sword". In the National Commission for Women set up a statutory body in order to address the issues of honor killings among some ethnic groups in North India. This body reviewed constitutional , legal and other provisions as well as challenges women face. The NCW's activism has contributed significantly towards the reduction of honor killings in rural areas of North India. In June , scrutinising the increasing number of honor killings, the Supreme Court of India demanded responses about honor killing prevention from the federal government and the state governments of Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Alarmed by the rise of honor killings, the Government planned to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament July [ needs update ] to provide for deterrent punishment for 'honor' killings.
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In Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu nicknamed Jassi , a Canadian Punjabi who married rickshaw driver Sukhwinder Singh Sidhu nicknamed Mithu against her family's wishes, was brutally murdered in India following orders from her mother and uncle in Canada so that "the family honor was restored". Her body was found in an irrigation canal. Mithu was kidnapped, beaten and left to die, but survived.
In Pakistan honor killings are known locally as karo-kari. An Amnesty International report noted "the failure of the authorities to prevent these killings by investigating and punishing the perpetrators. He alleged his eight-months-pregnant daughter was tortured and killed on 7 March on the orders of her father-in-law, who accused her of carrying a child conceived out of wedlock. A study by Muazzam Nasrullah et al. The method used for honor crime included firearms most common , stabbing, axe and strangulation.
According to women's rights advocates, "the concepts of women as property, and of honor, are so deeply entrenched in the social, political and economic fabric of Pakistan that the government mostly ignores the regular occurrences of women being killed and maimed by their families. On 27 May , a pregnant woman was stoned to death by her own family in front of a Pakistani high court for marrying the man she loved. He demanded to know why police did nothing, despite the killing taking place outside one of the country's top courts, in the presence of police.
Although this defense was not explicitly stipulated in the 20th century Criminal Code, it has been successfully pleaded by lawyers throughout the 20th century, in particular in the interior of the country, though less so in the coastal big cities. In Brazil's Supreme Court explicitly rejected the "honor defense" as having no basis in Brazilian law. A study by Dr. Amin Muhammad and Dr. Sujay Patel of Memorial University , Canada , investigated how the practice of honor killings has been brought to Canada.
The report explained that "When people come and settle in Canada they can bring their traditions and forcefully follow them. In some cultures, people feel that some boundaries are never to be crossed, and if someone would violate those practices or go against them, then killing is justified to them. The report also said that the people who commit these crimes are usually mentally ill, and that the mental health aspect is often ignored by Western observers because of a lack of understanding of the insufficiently developed state of mental healthcare in developing countries in which honor killings are prevalent.
'Honour' crimes in India: An assault on women's autonomy
Honor killings have become such a pressing issue in Canada that the Canadian citizenship study guide mentions it specifically, saying, "Canada's openness and generosity do not extend to barbaric cultural practices that tolerate spousal abuse, 'honour killings', female genital mutilation , forced marriage or other gender-based violence. Phyllis Chesler argues that the U. According to her, this often prevents government officials in the United States and the media from identifying and accurately reporting these incidents as "honor killings" when they occur.
Failing to accurately describe the problem makes it more difficult to develop public policies to address it, she argues. In every case, the perpetrators view their victims as having violated rules of religious conduct and they act without remorse. Several honor killings have occurred in the U. In , in St. Louis, Missouri , year-old Palestinan "Tina" Isa was murdered by her Palestinian father with the aid of his wife. Her parents were dissatisfied with her "westernized" lifestyle.
She was killed by her husband in Phyllis Chesler argues that this crime was an honor killing. The extent of honor-based violence in the U. There is controversy about the reasons why such violence occurs, and about the extent to which culture, religion, and views on women cause these incidents. Crimes of passion within Latin America have also been compared to honor killings. In Peru , for example, 70 percent of the murders of women in one year were committed by a husband, boyfriend or lover, and most often jealousy or suspicions of infidelity are cited as the reasons for the murders.
However, "while crimes of passion may be seen as somewhat premeditated to a certain extent, honour killings are usually deliberate, well planned and premeditated acts when a person kills a female relative ostensibly to uphold his honour. The view that violence can be justified in the name of honor and shame exists traditionally in Latin American societies, and machismo is often described as a code of honor.
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While some ideas originated in the Spanish colonial culture, others predate it: Until a few decades ago, the marriage of a girl or woman to the man who had raped her was considered a "solution" to the incident in order to restore her family's 'honor'. Indeed, although laws that exonerate the perpetrator of rape if he marries his victim after the rape are often associated with the Middle East, such laws were very common around the world until the second half of the 20th century, and as late as , 14 Latin American countries had such laws, [] although most of these Latin American countries have since abolished them.
Such laws were ended in Mexico in , [] El Salvador in , [] Colombia in , Peru in , [] Chile in , [] [] Brazil in , [] [] Uruguay in , [] Guatemala in , [] Costa Rica in , [] Panama in , [] Nicaragua in , [] Argentina in , [] and Ecuador in Jim Spigelman who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales from 19 May until 31 May said that Australia's increasing diversity was creating conflicts about how to deal with the customs and traditions of immigrant populations. Iskandar stabbed the victim with a knife while his son bashed him with a hammer.
The court was told that the reason for the murder was the perpetrators' belief that extramarital affairs were against their religion; and that the murder was carried out to protect the honor of the family and was a "pre-planned, premeditated and executed killing".
The judge said that: Pela Atroshi was a Kurdish year-old girl who was killed by her uncle in Iraqi Kurdistan in The decision to kill her was taken by a council of her male relatives, led by Pela's grandfather, Abdulmajid Atroshi, who lived in Australia. One of his sons, Shivan Atroshi, who helped with the murder, also lived in Australia. Pela Atroshi was living in Sweden , but was taken by family members to Iraqi Kurdistan to be killed, as ordered by a family council of male relatives living in Sweden and Australia, because they claimed she had tarnished the family honor.
Pela Atroshi's murder was officially deemed an honor killing by authorities. Honor killings are condemned as a serious human rights violation and are addressed by several international instruments. The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence addresses this issue. Article 42 — Unacceptable justifications for crimes, including crimes committed in the name of so-called "honour". Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to ensure that, in criminal proceedings initiated following the commission of any of the acts of violence covered by the scope of this Convention, culture, custom, religion, tradition or so-called "honour" shall not be regarded as justification for such acts.
This covers, in particular, claims that the victim has transgressed cultural, religious, social or traditional norms or customs of appropriate behaviour. Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to ensure that incitement by any person of a child to commit any of the acts referred to in paragraph 1 shall not diminish the criminal liability of that person for the acts committed. It assumes that a woman's behaviour casts a reflection on the family and the community. In some communities, a father, brother or cousin will publicly take pride in a murder committed in order to preserve the 'honour' of a family.
In some such cases, local justice officials may side with the family and take no formal action to prevent similar deaths. Legislation on this issue varies, but today the vast majority of countries no longer allow a husband to legally kill a wife for adultery although adultery itself continues to be punishable by death in some countries or to commit other forms of honor killings. However, in many places, adultery and other "immoral" sexual behaviors by female family members can be considered mitigating circumstances in case when they are killed, leading to significantly shorter sentences. In the Western world , a country that is often associated with "crimes of passion" and adultery related violence is France , and indeed, recent surveys have shown French public to be more accepting of these practices than the public in other countries.
One Gallup survey compared the views of the French, German and British public and those of French, German and British Muslims on several social issues: Actions of Pakistani police officers and judges particularly at the lower level of the judiciary [] have, in the past, seemed to support the act of honor killings in the name of family honor. Police enforcement, in situations of admitted murder, do not always take action against the perpetrator. Also, judges in Pakistan particularly at the lower level of the judiciary [] , rather than ruling cases with gender equality in mind, also seem to reinforce inequality and in some cases sanction the murder of women considered dishonorable.
In a case study of honor killings, the proceeding judges rejected only eight of claims that the women were killed for honor. The rest were sentenced lightly. Under the encouragement of the killer, police often declare the killing as a domestic case that warrants no involvement. In other cases, the women and victims are too afraid to speak up or press charges.
Police officials, however, claim that these cases are never brought to them, or are not major enough to be pursued on a large scale. In its report, "Pakistan: Honor Killings of Girls and Women", [] published in September , Amnesty International criticized governmental indifference and called for state responsibility in protecting human rights of female victims.
To elaborate, Amnesty strongly requested the Government of Pakistan to take 1 legal, 2 preventive, and 3 protective measures. First of all, legal measures refer to a modification of the government's criminal laws to guarantee equal legal protection of females. On top of that, Amnesty insisted the government to assure legal access for the victims of crime in the name of honor. When it comes to preventive measures, Amnesty underlined the critical need to promote public awareness through the means of media, education, and public announcements.
Finally, protective measures include ensuring a safe environment for activists, lawyers, and women's group to facilitate eradication of honor killings. Also, Amnesty argued for the expansion of victim support services such as shelters. Kremlin-appointed Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov said that honor killings were perpetrated on those who deserved to die.
He said that those who are killed have "loose morals" and are rightfully shot by relatives in honor killings. He did not vilify women alone but added that "If a woman runs around and if a man runs around with her, both of them are killed. In , a famous Norwegian Supreme Court advocate stated that he wanted the punishment for the killing from 17 years in prison to 15 years in the case of honor killings practiced in Norway. He explained that the Norwegian public did not understand other cultures who practiced honor killings, or understand their thinking, and that Norwegian culture "is self-righteous".
In , Israr Ullah Zehri , a Pakistani politician in Balochistan , defended the honor killings of five women belonging to the Umrani tribe by a relative of a local Umrani politician. He said, "These are centuries-old traditions, and I will continue to defend them. Only those who indulge in immoral acts should be afraid. Nilofar Bakhtiar, Minister for Tourism and Advisor to Pakistan Prime Minister on Women's Affairs, who had struggled against the honor killing in Pakistan, resigned in April after the clerics accused her of bringing shame to Pakistan by para-jumping with a male and hugging him after landing.
This is an incomplete list of notable victims of Honor killing. Victims of honor killing. Honor killings are, along with dowry killings mostly in South Asia , gang-related killings of women as revenge killings of female members of rival gang members' families — primarily, but not only, in Latin America and witchcraft accusation killings Africa , Oceania some of the most recognized forms of gender based killings.
Human rights advocates have compared "honor killings" to " crimes of passion " in Latin America which are sometimes treated extremely leniently and also to the killing of women for lack of dowry in India. Some commentators have stressed that the focus on honor killings should not lead to ignoring other forms of gender-based killings of women, in particular those from Latin America 'crimes of passion' and gang related killings ; the murder rate of women in this region being extremely high, with El Salvador being reported as the country with the highest murder rate of women in the world.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the film, see Honour Killing film. Women's suffrage Muslim countries US. First Second Third Fourth. Lists Articles Feminists by nationality Literature American feminist literature Feminist comic books. Violence against LGBT people. Honor killing of Sadia Sheikh. Honor killing of Ghazala Khan.
Honor killing of Anooshe Sediq Ghulam. Honor killing in Pakistan. Honor killing in the United States. Katya Koren Ukraine Banaz Mahmod. Her story was chronicled in the documentary film " Banaz a Love Story ". Retrieved 23 December Retrieved 16 August Retrieved 6 April Al Jazeera English 16 August Retrieved 1 October Comparative Perspectives on the Cultural Defense. Archived from the original on 2 December Archived from the original on 14 November Academic Council on the United Nations System. Retrieved 20 May Torture and ill-treatment of women".
Archived from the original on 15 February Retrieved 6 March Archived from the original PDF on 19 June Retrieved 2 December Honor Killings in Palestine". Middle East Research and Information Project. Retrieved 8 February Retrieved 8 December Retrieved 15 April Archived from the original on 19 July Retrieved 15 July Retrieved 2 January Archived from the original PDF on 21 September The Globe and Mail.
Archived from the original on 30 September The New York Times. Taz — via taz. Retrieved 26 November Retrieved 27 September Archived from the original on 16 October After learning that Palestina had taken a part-time job without her parents' permission, and dated a non-Muslim African American man, her father felt she had become too modernized.
On the day of her murder, Zein repeatedly stabbed his daughter Tina, while her mother Maria held her down. Zein Isa was a member of the Abu Nidal Organization , which at the time he murdered his daughter, was plotting to bomb the Israeli Embassy in Washington, D. A crucial factor in his trial was the fact that the FBI had bugged Zein's house on FISA order in connection with his suspected terrorist activities, and as such, had recorded Tina's murder on an audio cassette.
This was especially important in confirming the fact that Maria was an active participant in the murder, and that Zein's claim of self-defense against Tina was false. On December 20, [2] both Zein and Maria Isa were convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. On April 1, , Zein was indicted by the FBI in connection with his terrorist activities within the Abu Nidal Organization, but the charges were dropped because he was already on death row for his daughter's murder. He later died of diabetes complications on February 17, Maria's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment without parole; she died on April 30, , in a Vandalia, Missouri , prison at the age of A book titled "Guarding the Secrets", written by Ellen Harris, describes and details the murder.
Chaudhry Rashid was then sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole. Both girls had left their home in Lewisville, Texas , earlier that evening, with their father Yaser Said. The call was from Sarah Said. She had been shot nine times and told the operator, "My dad shot me and my sister. Death threats had been made by Yaser against the girls. They ran away and were safe, but their mother brought them back.
Muslim nations make similar arguments about cliterectomy and other anti-modern practices. Chesler has contributed, and not for the first time, to the amelioration of the suffering of countless women. Send a question or comment using the form below. This message may be routed through support staff. More detailed message would go here to provide context for the user and how to proceed. City Journal is a publication of Manhattan Institute. Experts Hea ther Mac Donald. Topics Hea lth Care.
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