Belleville Story - tome 1 - Avant Minuit (1) (French Edition)
In , Belleville became a sizeable commune, capital of the canton Pantin in the department of Seine, in line with the divisions introduced by the new Republic. With the annexation of a number of communes surrounding the French capital in , including Belleville, eight new arrondissements were created, incorporating thirty-two new quartiers. The former commune of Belleville was divided into two, in a deliberate but ultimately unsuccessful attempt to curb the increasingly dissident Bellevillois inhabitants, as demonstrated by their active participation in the Paris Commune ten years later.
As the current administrative boundaries do not correspond to the more extended pre- annexation Belleville, historians, writers and other interested parties have been trying to realign them ever since. This accounts for the often-cited symbolic overflow of Belleville from the twentieth into the tenth, eleventh and nineteenth arrondissements, incorporating the geographical boundaries of the old commune. The situation was complicated further by the creation in of conseils de quartier in Paris.
If Belleville, according to the Census figures, had the reputation of being the most Parisian of quartiers Jacquemet Provincial migration occurred first towards the end of the nineteenth century, primarily from the central region of Auvergne. Foreign immigration took place throughout the twentieth century, beginning with the Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe escaping pogroms in their homelands.
Armenians, Greeks and Polish Jews continued to migrate throughout the interwar years. Immigration to the quartier continued in waves throughout the s, with the first sub-Saharan Africans contributing to the increasingly cosmopolitan population. Refugees from Asia were the next to arrive. The first wave came from China throughout the s and s, and those arrivals were joined in the s by South-East Asians. With the Asian influx towards the end of the twentieth century, the Bellevillois population took a geographic and cultural turn far removed from its European, and then African, heritage.
It is, however, not only the cultural face of the quartier that has been transformed over the last century. Each of the stages of urban renovation that occurred spasmodically and belatedly in Belleville brought about significant demographic change. The quartier thus assumed an enduring working-class populaire identity. Substandard housing erected throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century to cater for the growing population was poorly maintained, with construction and renovation at a standstill at the end of the century.
Simon names the group of mainly middle-class residents whose move into the quartier is linked to the gentrification process multiculturels; the motives behind their choice of Belleville as residence are both financial and ideological In a century and a half, Belleville has thus been transformed from an impoverished quartier populaire on the outskirts of Paris to a partially gentrified inner-Parisian quartier.
The geographical, historical, cultural and social features of Belleville are variously represented in non-fiction, literature and popular culture. By classifying these representations as rouge, noir or rose, we can establish several identities that pertain to the quartier and its inhabitants. Belleville rouge History and politics merge in the association of the colour red with Belleville. The blood shed in defence of the quartier from the beginning of the Second Empire is testimony to the revolutionary tendencies of the inhabitants.
With a high proportion of manual labourers and craftsmen possessing a strong sense of social justice, sometimes to the point of anarchy Braquet: The capitulation of Belleville in the final battle of the Semaine sanglante Bloody Week signalled the end of the Commune. On the eve of World War I, with a membership of 9, and an additional focus on equitable commerce, La Bellevilloise had become a model for subsequent cooperatives in Paris and throughout France, and played a major role in the economic and cultural life of Eastern Paris until the s Lafon The enduring streak of rebellion and social justice that characterised the Bellevillois inhabitants in the nineteenth century was evident one hundred years later in the creation of the Association La Bellevilleuse.
Inhabitants of Bas-Belleville Lower Belleville mobilised in the s to fight a plan to completely demolish the sector. Support was offered in the form of legal counsel, business, financial and construction advice. A protracted David and Goliath-inspired battle ended in victory for the inhabitants, with 22 percent of buildings demolished instead of the 95 percent initially targeted by the government.
Belleville Story – Intégrale
Racial tension is evident from time to time, most recently in the victimization of the Asian community,7 who are often perceived as insular by parts of the Bellevillois population. Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. Alexa Actionable Analytics for the Web.
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