What Music is all About (Illustrated) (Lanval Music Collection)

In this broader sense, the applicability of the t Sir Launfal is a line Middle English romance or Breton lay written by Thomas Chestre dating from the late 14th century. Sir Launfal retains the basic story told by Marie de France and retold in Sir Landevale, augmented with material from an Old French lai Graelent and a lost romance that possibly featured a giant named Sir Valentyne.

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This is in line with Thomas Chestre's eclectic way of creating his poetry. He is not even invited to a feast in his home town of Caerleon in South Wales when the king visits, although Arthur knows nothing of this. Out in the forest alone, he meets with two damsels who take him to their mistress, the The lais of Marie de France are a series of twelve short narrative Breton lais by the poet Marie de France. They are written in the Anglo-Norman and were probably composed in the late 12th century. The short, narrative poems generally focus on glorifying the concept of courtly love by the adventures of their main characters.

Literary character Marie de France's lais, told in octosyllables or eight-syllable verse, are notable for their celebration of love, individuality of character, and vividness of description, hallmarks of the emerging literature of the times. Five different manuscripts contain one or more of the lais, but only one, Harley , a 13th-century manuscript housed in the British Library, p It is one of the so-called anonymous lais and draws on Marie de France's Lanval.

Synopsis The plot is similar to that of Marie de France's lai of Lanval. Graelent's wages are suspended, reducing him to poverty. Graelent dejectedly rides into the forest, and while tracking a white hind bisse blance v. Graelent sneaks up and clutches the articles of clothing she has disrobed upon a bush. The lady cries out his name, demanding their return. Graelent does not comply, and bargains for her to emerge from the fountain, and asks for her love. She is at first scornful at the suggest Versions of the original story vary widely, but he is always wounded in the legs or groin and incapable of standing.

All he is able to do is fish in a small boat on the river near his castle, Corbenic, and wait for some noble who might be able to heal him by asking a certain question. In later versions knights travel from many lands to try to heal the Fisher King, but only the chosen can accomplish the feat. This is Percival alone in the earlier stories; in later versions, he is joined by Galahad and Bors. Many later works have two wounded "Grail Kings" who live in the same castle, a father and son or grandfather and grandson.

The more seriously wounded father stays in the castle, sustained by the Grail alone, whi Tapestry showing Arthur as one of the Nine Worthies, wearing a coat of arms often attributed to him[1] c.

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The details of his life are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin. The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae History of the Kings of Britain. The concept of treason can be dated back to the early Roman republic, but was defined by nebulous criteria.

The origins of the word treason, as speakers of English would recognize it, date to the 13th century. Indeed, prior to the Treason Act of , there were few laws which outlined comprehensively the legal qualifications for treason, or the appropriate punishments for said crimes. The process of conviction, trial, and Sir Lancelot du Lac meaning Lancelot of the Lake , alternatively also written as Launcelot and other spellings, is one of the Knights of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend.

He typically features as King Arthur's greatest companion, the lord of Joyous Gard and the greatest swordsman and jouster of the age — until his adulterous affair with Queen Guinevere is discovered, causing a civil war exploited by Mordred which brings about the end of Arthur's kingdom. Later, his exploits were expanded upon in the Prose Lancelot, which was further expanded upon for the vast Lancelot-Grail cycle. There, his and Lady Elaine's son, Galahad, becomes an even more perfect knight.

From a manuscript of Lancelot and the Holy Grail c. In the legend, the Knights are an order in the service of Arthur, tasked with ensuring the peace of the kingdom and sometimes also charged with leading the quest for the Holy Grail. The Round Table at which they met was created to have no head or foot, representing the equality of all the members. Different stories had different numbers of Knights, ranging from only 12 to or more.

List Their total number always symbolic and the names vary depending of the text. The first sources state 24, 36 or The Arthurian legend features many characters, including the Knights of the Round Table and members of King Arthur's family. Their names often differ from version to version and from language to language. The following is a list of characters with descriptions. The symbol indicates a Knight of the Round Table.

Gwenivar , often written as Guenevere or Gwenevere,[1] is the wife of King Arthur in Arthurian legend. Guinevere has been portrayed as everything from a weak and opportunistic traitor to a fatally flawed but noble and virtuous lady. She first appears as Guanhumara with many spelling variants in the manuscript tradition in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, a pseudo-historical chronicle of British history written circa In the later medieval romances, one of the most prominent story arcs is Queen Guinevere's tragic love affair with her husband's chief knight, Lancelot, indirectly causing the death of Arthur and many others.

She continues to be a popu Lais are short typically — lines , rhymed tales of love and chivalry, often involving supernatural and fairy-world Celtic motifs. The Matter of Britain is the body of Medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain, and sometimes Brittany, and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur. It was one of the three great story cycles recalled repeatedly in medieval literature, together with the Matter of France, which concerned the legends of Charlemagne, and the Matter of Rome, which included material derived from or inspired by classical mythology.

Of France, and of Britain, and of Rome the grand.

Alice Stockham coined the term karezza, derived from the Italian word "carezza" meaning "caress", to describe coitus reservatus, but the idea was already in practice at the Oneida Community. Alan Watts believed, in error, that karezza was a Persian word. Karezza signifies 'to express affection in both words and action,' and while it fittingly denotes t Guingamor is an anonymous medieval lai about a knight who leaves the court of his uncle, a king, because the queen has sent him off to hunt for a white boar.

By offering a reward for the boar's head, she hopes to get rid of Guingamor, who has refused her sexual advances. Guingamor crosses a river and passes into a mystical kingdom. Returning with the boar's head after what seems to him like three days, he encounters a common charcoal-maker, who tells him that many years have passed since the king's faithful nephew never returned from a hunt for the white boar.

Guingamor's return is triumphant and he is immortalized in a lai. The story was once presumed to have been written by Marie de France, but is now considered anonymous. However, it draws on Marie's Lanval, and the anonymous Graelent: The definitive view of these three lays, chronologically and thematically, is that of R. Illingworth, who concluded that they were composed in the order Lanval, Graelend, and Guingamor, with Graelent and Guingamor bot John Whiteside "Jack" Parsons born Marvel Whiteside Parsons;[nb 1] October 2, — June 17, was an American rocket engineer and rocket propulsion researcher, chemist, and Thelemite occultist.

He invented the first rocket engine to use a castable, composite rocket propellant,[1] and pioneered the advancement of both liquid-fuel and solid-fuel rockets. Inspired by science fiction literature, he developed an interest in rocketry in his childhood and in began amateur rocket experiments with school friend Ed Forman. He dropped out of Pasadena Junior College and Stanford University due to financial difficulties during the Great Depression, and in he united with Forman and graduate student Frank Malina to form th This is a bibliography of works about King Arthur, his related world, family, friends or enemies.

This bibliography includes works that are notable or are by notable authors. Cei Sir Kay's battle with the Cath Palug is mentioned. Englynion y Beddau or Stanzas of the graves 9th or 10th century. Arthur's grave site is a mystery 11th century Latin The Legend of St. Caradoc Vreichvras Welsh pronunciation: He may have lived during the 5th or 6th century. Identification and historicity Though the name "Caradoc" and its various forms were by no means uncommon during the Middle Ages, it is probable some of the Caradocs referred to in Welsh genealogies and hagiographies such the Life of St.

Tatheus are the same person. Due to the name's prevalence considerable confusion exists about Caradoc's identity, both historical and literary. He may have become confused with the British hero Caratacus the Latin form of Caradoc , Cerdic of Wessex and any number of British history's Woman wearing a one-piece bliaut and cloak or mantle, c. The bliaut or bliaud is an overgarment worn by both genders from the eleventh to the thirteenth century in Western Europe, featuring voluminous skirts and horizontal puckering or pleating across a snugly fitted under bust abdomen.

The sleeves are the most immediately notable difference when comparing the bliaut to other female outer clothing of the Middle Ages. They fit closely from the shoulder to approximately the elbow, and then widen from the elbow to drape to floor- or nearly floor-length. This garment's usage appears to be geographically limited to areas of French influence, with some works depicting the garment or the garment in transition as far away as Rome and modern Germany.

Evolution of the bliaut Women's bliaut Examples of this garment and its evolution appear as early as the Bayeaux Tapestry, wherein a female figure wears a garment which is loose in the body, but has the extended sleeve that would be Jessie Laidlay Weston — was an English independent scholar, medievalist and folklorist, working mainly on mediaeval Arthurian texts. Early life Weston was the daughter of William Weston a tea merchant and member of the Salters' Company and his second wife, Sarah Burton, and named after his first wife Jessica Laidlay.

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Sarah, after giving birth to two more daughters died when Jessie was about seven. William remarried Clara King who gave birth to five more children. She also studied at the Crystal Palace School of Art. A narrative about "s She lived and wrote at an unknown court, but she and her work were almost certainly known at the royal court of King Henry II of England. Virtually nothing is known of her life; both her given name and its geographical specification come from her manuscripts. However, one written description of her work and popularity from her own era still exists.

She is considered by scholars to be the first female French poet. She was proficient in Latin, as were most authors and scholars of that era, as well as English, and possibly Breton. She is the author of the Lais of Marie de France. Anglo-Norman, also known as Anglo-Norman French, was a dialect of French[2] that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in the British Isles during the Anglo-Norman period. Other followers spoke varieties of the Picard language or western French.

This amalgam developed into the unique insular dialect now known as Anglo-Norman French, which was commonly used for literary and eventually administrative purposes from the 12th until the 15th century. It is difficult to know much about what was actually spoken, as what is known about the dialect is restricted to what was written, but it is clear that Anglo-Norman was, to a large extent, the spoken language of the higher social strata in m Ari Berk is an American writer, folklorist, artist, and scholar of literature, iconography, and comparative myth.

Berk holds degrees in Ancient History B. His dissertation was directed by Pulitzer Prize winner N. Scott Momaday and Berk was appointed to the committee that developed the first American Indian Studies doctoral program in the United States. The Secret History of Giants won bot Thomas Chestre was the author of a 14th-century Middle English romance Sir Launfal, a verse romance of lines based ultimately on Marie de France's Breton lay Lanval.

He was possibly also the author of the line Libeaus Desconus, a story of Sir Gawain's son Gingalain based upon similar traditions to those that inspired Renaut de Beaujeu's lateth-century or earlyth-century Old French romance Le Bel Inconnu, and also possibly of a Middle English retelling of the midth-century Old French romance Octavian. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka February 28, — June 7, was a Polish, later American philosopher, phenomenologist, founder and president of The World Phenomenology Institute, and editor since its inception in the late s of the book series Analecta Husserliana.

Her acquaintance with philosophy started at an early age with reading of the fundamental work of Kazimierz Twardowski, the founder of the Lvov—Warsaw Philosophical School, Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen On the content and object of presentations , as well as works by Plato and Bergson.

To the philosophy of the latter she was introduced by her mother, Maria-Ludwika de Lanval Tymieniecka. The Centre de l'Imaginaire Arthurien English: The Arthurian Centre is a cultural centre dedicated to the Matter of Britain. It was founded in in Rennes through the influence of different specialists in Arthurian legend, local politicians, artists and writers. The Centre's investment in publicising the art, culture and history of the Arthurian legends and its support for open access to education has brought it public recognition.

The members of the Centre also founded the publishing house Artus which publishes books on those He sleeps with her for three nights, and as a parting gift she gives him a chest full of gold and another full of silver, but warns him that he must tell no one where they came from. The following Christmas, a great gale comes up and the brothers are afraid for their ship; checking on it, Helgi is carried off by two men who suddenly appear with a great crash.

On the eighth day of Christmas the following year, Kaamelott is a French comedy medieval fantasy television series created, directed, written, scored, and edited by Alexandre Astier, who also stars as the main character. It is widely regarded as one of the best, most iconic, and most popular French TV series of all time. His attempts to reform this aging institution that was the Paris Opera faced continued opposition from the artistic staff.

In , financial difficulties finally brought him down and the opera was put under direct and permanent guardianship of royal power through the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi.

Fairies and sprites in popular culture

He had two brothers: Irish mermaid bas-relief, Clonfert Cathedral. The term is of Irish-English origin. Merrows are famous for the red cap that controls their mermaid stature, and separates them from other Merfolk sub-species. Overview The word appears in two tales set in Ireland published in the 19th century: Lady of Gollerus, where a green-haired merrow weds a local Kerry man who deprives her of the "magical red cap" cohuleen druith ; and The Soul Cages where a green-bodied grotesque male merrow entertains a fisherman at his home under the sea. These tales with commentary were first published in T.

Croker's Fairy Legends William Butler Yeats and others writing on the subject borrowed heavily from this work. The Soul Cages turned out not to be a genuine folktale, but piece invented by Thomas Keightley. A number of other terms in Irish are used to denote a mermaid or sea-nymph, some tracing back to mytholog Early life Thomas Ellis was born in London on 9 May Influence In medieval Arthurian literature, Geoffrey of Monmouth's island paradise Insula Avallonis Avalon , where the sword Caliburnus Excalibur was forged, and where King Arthur was taken to be healed by the sorceress Morgen and Hoel I Mawr, lit.

He may have ruled Cornouaille jointly after the restoration of his father, Budic II of Brittany, but he seems to have predeceased his father and left his young son, Tewdwr, as Budic's heir. A relative of Arthur, he was one of his most loyal allies or, sometimes, knights and was said to have helped him conquer "Gaul" northern France. For all or most of his childhood, a usurping cousin ruled in Budic's place and the family resided in exile with Aergol Lawhir, king of Dyfed in sub-Roman Britain.

He was credited with the foundation of Llanhowell now in Llanrhian during this time and, as "Saint Hywel", was revered b Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature for instance, Irish or France. Events Works published Great Britain Anonymous, Boccus and Sydrake, publication year uncertain but sometime from this year to , edited by John Twyne, an encyclopedia in dialogue form, derived from the Old French Sidrac, in which Boccus asks questions and Sidrac answers them see Sidrak and Bokkus.

The Queen's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They are arranged by the country in order of precedence whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades, i. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate. United Kingdom Below are the individuals appointed by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of the United Kingdom with honours within her own gift, and with the advice of the Government for other honours.

Companion of the Order A key patron of chivalric sagas. Starting in the thirteenth century with Norse translations of French chansons de geste and Latin romances and histories, the genre expanded in Iceland to indigenous creations in a similar style.

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Receiving little attention from scholars of Old Norse literature, many remain untranslated. The most comprehensive guide to the manuscripts, editions, translations, and secondary literature of this body of sagas is Kalinke and Mitchell's Bibliography of Old Norse-Icelandic Romances. Biography Luce Lancival made brilliant studies at the Louis-le-Grand college and was appointed professor of rhetoric at the college of Navarre aged just 22 years The following year, under the influence of a disappointment in love, he left teaching and took orders.

He was noted for his preaching talents. At the French Revolution, he broke his vows and turned to theater. He remained professor of rhetoric at the Imperial High School at the time of the reorganization of the University. He was then called to the Latin poetry chair at the Sorbonne. Imitated from the Achilleid by Statius, it is a book written with care, which includes interesting and ingenious features descriptions, even if the whole l Wilfred Talbot Smith born Frank Wenham; 8 June — 27 April was an English occultist and ceremonial magician known as a prominent advocate of the religion of Thelema.

Living most of his life in North America, he played a key role in propagating Thelema across the continent. Born the illegitimate son of a domestic servant and her employer in Tonbridge, Kent, Smith migrated to Canada in , where he went through a variety of jobs and began reading about Western esotericism. In , he joined the O. They founded an incorporated Church o Finally in , he shared the same price with a certain Gruet, a student of abbot Delille. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he served in the army as a captain. Returning to Paris, he gave himself again to the letters, and died almost destitute.

The almanachs des Muses and other collections In , Parsons lost a great deal of money in a business venture with L. Ron Hubbard and Sarah Northrup, resulting in him selling the mansion. In , the Agape Lodge ceased to hold regular meetings. Background The original O. Harvard Exchange Professor at Western Colleges, Antoine-Jean Bourlin, better known as Dumaniant, 11 April — 26 September was a French comedian, playwright and goguettier. First a lawyer, he was a comedian in Paris until , then patented entrepreneur of shows in the province. Lais and their sources The Strengleikar comprise: Composed in the early 13th century, the poem is 5, lines long and is especially notable for the large number of chansons it contains, and for its active female protagonist.

The romance incorporates forty-six chansons or parts thereof ; it is the first extant example in French literature of a text that combines narrative and lyric. Its form was quickly imitated, by authors such as Gerbert de Montreuil, and by the end of the 13th century had become canonical. Guillaume becomes one of the emperor's favorites and marriage negotiations proceed in a positive manner.

Black , pp. Cross , pp. The anonymous 'Lai du conseil ' ". Howard May 15, The Anonymous Marie de France. University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 19 September Essays in Medieval Studies. Leventhal, Cassidy April , "Finding Avalon: The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Member feedback about Lanval: Fairies and sprites in popular culture Revolvy Brain revolvybrain. Kindle Cloud Reader Read instantly in your browser.

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