Mother of God

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AED , Dec 17, at 3: Questions and Answers Answering some questions Discussions: Just a Thought padraig , Dec 17, at 1: Scriptural Thoughts Pieces of Scripture that catch the eye Discussions: If you fall a thousand times garabandal , Dec 10, Books, movies, links, websites. On Catholic sources of information and nourishment. Inspirational Stories Stories to deepen faith. Music for the Soul heyshepard , Dec 16, at In letters to Nestorius which were afterwards included among the council documents, Cyril explained his doctrine.

He noted that "the holy fathers Explaining his rejection of Nestorius' preferred title for Mary Christotokos , Cyril wrote:. Confessing the Word to be united with the flesh according to the hypostasis, we worship one Son and Lord, Jesus Christ. We do not divide him into parts and separate man and God as though they were united with each other [only] through a unity of dignity and authority But we do not say that the Word from God dwelt as in an ordinary human born of the holy virgin There is, then, one Christ and Son and Lord, not with the sort of conjunction that a human being might have with God as in a unity of dignity or authority; for equality of honor does not unite natures.

For Peter and John were equal to each other in honor, both of them being apostles and holy disciples, but the two were not one. Nor do we understand the manner of conjunction to be one of juxtaposition, for this is insufficient in regard to natural union Rather we reject the term 'conjunction' as being inadequate to express the union If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is, in truth, God, and therefore that the holy virgin is Theotokos for she bore in a fleshly manner the Word from God become flesh , let him be anathema.

Cyril's third letter to Nestorius. The Nestorian Church , known as the Church of the East within the Syrian tradition, rejected the decision of the Council of Ephesus and its confirmation at the Council of Chalcedon in This was the church of the Sassanid Empire during the late 5th and early 6th centuries. The schism ended in , when patriarch Aba I ratified the decision of Chalcedon. After this, there was no longer technically any "Nestorian Church", i. Modern research suggests that also the Church of the East in China did not teach a doctrine of two distinct natures of Christ.

Lutheran tradition retained the title of "Mother of God" German Mutter Gottes , Gottesmutter , a term already embraced by Martin Luther ; [21] and officially confessed in the Formula of Concord , [22] accepted by Lutheran World Federation. The most common is Axion Estin It is truly meet , which is used in nearly every service. Bogurodzica is a medieval Polish hymn, possibly composed by Adalbert of Prague d. The Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God is a Roman Catholic feast day introduced in , based on older traditions associating 1 January with the motherhood of Mary. One of the two earliest known depictions of the Virgin Mary is found in the Catacomb of Priscilla 3rd century showing the adoration of the Magi.

Recent conservation work at the Catacombs of Priscilla revealed that what had been identified for decades as the earliest image of the Virgin and Child was actually a traditional funerary image of a Roman matron; the pointing figure with her, formerly identified as a prophet, was shown to have had its arm position adjusted and the star he was supposedly pointing to was painted in at a later date.

Appearances of Mary

Recently another third-century image of the Virgin Mary was identified at the eastern Syrian site of Dura Europos in the baptistry room of the earliest known Christian Church. The scene shows the Annunciation to the Virgin. The tradition of Marian veneration was greatly expanded only with the affirmation of her status as Theotokos in The mosaics in Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, dating from , just after the council, does not yet show her with a halo. The iconographic tradition of the Theotokos or Madonna Our Lady , showing the Virgin enthroned carrying the infant Christ, is established by the following century, as attested by a very small number of surviving icons, including one at Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai , and Salus Populi Romani , a 5th or 6th-century Byzantine icon preserved in Rome.

This type of depiction, with subtly changing differences of emphasis, has remained the mainstay of depictions of Mary to the present day. The roughly half-dozen varied icons of the Virgin and Child in Rome from the 6th to 8th centuries form the majority of the representations surviving from this period, as most early Byzantine icons were destroyed in the Byzantine Iconoclasm of the 8th and 9th century, [28] notable exceptions being the 7th-century Blachernitissa and Agiosoritissa. The iconographic tradition is well developed by the early medieval period.

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The tradition of Luke the Evangelist being the first to have painted Mary is established by the 8th century. The earliest surviving image in a Western illuminated manuscript of the Madonna and Child comes from the Book of Kells of about there is a similar carved image on the lid of St Cuthbert's coffin of The oldest Russian icons were imports from Byzantium, beginning in the 11th century. Salus Populi Romani , Rome 5th or 6th century. Theotokos icon of Saint Catherine's Monastery , Sinai 6th century.

Blachernae Icon of the Theotokos 7th century. Mother of God , mosaic icon, Hagia Sophia 12th century. Theotokos Panachranta from Svensky Monastery , by St. Alypios of Kiev 11th century. Panachranta Theotokos , midth-century Kievan illumination from the Gertrude Psalter. Theotokos of Vladimir c.

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For the Croatian film, see Madonna film. Church of the East. Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator , Hagia Sophia.

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This point has been settled by the unvarying use of the whole Church of God throughout all the ages from that day to this, but there is, or at least some persons have thought that there was, some question as to how Theotocos should be translated into English. Throughout this volume I have translated it 'Mother of God,' and I propose giving my reasons for considering this the only accurate translation of the word, both from a lexico-graphical and from a theological point of view.

Now I have translated the verbal part 'to be the mother of a child' because 'to bear' in English does not necessarily carry the full meaning of the Greek word, which as Bp. Pearson has well remarked in the passage cited above includes 'conception, nutrition, and parturition. Another suggestion is that it be rendered 'the bringer forth of God. Now the word Mother does necessarily express all three of these when used in relation to her child.

The reader will remember that the question I am discussing is not whether Mary can properly be called the Mother of God; this Nestorius denied and many in ancient and modern times have been found to agree with him. Of course the answer to the objection in each case is the same, it is not of the Godhead that Mary is the Mother, but of the Incarnate Son, who is God. Cyril, the Council of Ephesus, and all succeeding, not to say also preceding, ages of Catholics, rightly or wrongly, ascribe to Mary.

It is meant also to exalt the singular dignity which this mystery brings to the 'holy Mother Bethune-Baker, Nestorius and His Teachings: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence , p. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Archived from the original on