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And on came war and heroes. The greatest teller of the heart of the tale is Homer in The Iliad. Dr William Kirk, Plants for bees. Dr William Kirk launches a book about the fascinating world of beekeeping and plants. CaixaForum Palma , Tuesday, January 29, at 7: CaixaForum Palma , Tuesday, January 22, at 7: CaixaForum Palma , Tuesday, January 15, at 7: Porter Square Books , Thursday, November 29, at 7pm.

This man writes like Charlie Parker played the alto sax, with grit and verve and a willing free-fall into hard-won, illuminated truths. The Language of Men is a profoundly important book by a major new talent! This book is a generous gift. He is a graduate of the Stonecoast MFA program and currently teaches literacy and creative writing in correctional facilities in Massachusetts.

Meg Kearney is the author of The Secret of Me--the acclaimed novel that introduced Lizzie McLane--and two collections of poetry for adults, most recently, the award-winning Home By Now. CaixaForum , Wednesday, May 25, at 7: Homer , The Odyssey. La poesia com a poiesis: Llagostera , Thursday, February 24, at 9pm. Domaines syntaxiques, domaines pragmatiques', Lalies. A pragmatic account of word order variation in Herodotus , Amsterdam studies in classical philology; Amsterdam: Lambrecht, Knud and Michaelis, Laura A.

Ancient Greek word order', Studies in Language, 27 3 , — John Benjamins Publishing Company. Most of these supposed isoglosses are controversial, at least to a certain extent, and a case-by-case approach is needed in order to disentangle borrowings from items inherited from PIE into Greek, or to identify possible independent developments of the two branches. In this paper, I will present the results of a re-examination of the supposed Anatolian lexicon in Mycenaean Greek, including onomastic material e. The goal is to offer an overall reflection based on a systematic review of the available evidence, which could shed some light on the linguistic interactions in the Aegean and in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Late Bronze Age, and on the degree of language contact which took place between speakers of the earliest form of Greek we possess and the speakers of the second-millennium Indo-European languages of Anatolia.

A companion to linear B. Hittite, Greeks and their Neighbours. Akten del Kolloquiums der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft. September , Innsbruck: The end of early Bronze Age in the Aegean , Leiden: Hittites, Greeks and their Neighbours , Oxford: Discourse segmentation in Herodotus and Thucydides: Suggestions from medieval punctuation.

When we read an OCT edition of either historian, we process intuitively not only words but also punctuation markers. We may stop reading when we find a full stop, for example, or we might infer from a comma the boundary of a certain phrase or clause. However, we and our students tend to forget that those full stops and commas have not been transmitted directly from antiquity. They represent the result—an interpretive result—of a complex cultural and philological operation where readability, writing rules, syntactic clarity, and the comparison with previous editions sometimes including pre-print editions are considered at once.

The theoretical implication of this part is what we can infer about the different position, size, and the nature of the discourse boundaries being indicated. The second part complements the analysis by adding input from three related topics: The overall picture is a variety of criteria followed by readers, scribes, teachers, and philologists across centuries. The paper concludes by suggesting how much more reliable than punctuation are the words and their order in guiding us through the articulation of the text, and which linguistic constructions or patterns are likely to indicate a minor or major discourse boundary.

Particle Use in Herodotus and Thucydides. Beobachtungen zur Gliederung des Antiken Satzes. The Colometry of Latin Prose. University of California Publications. An Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West. Exclamative nominatives and nominatives pro vocatives in Ancient Greek: The absolute uses of the nominative case, namely its secondary extrasyntactical functions, consist in lists, quotations, anacolutha and exclamations. We wonder if, in these latter circumstances, it is possible to effectively distinguish between an exclamation or a real case of nominative pro vocative. Firstly, we will then try to define the concepts of neutralization and substitution in order to apply them to the categories of nominative and vocative cases.

We are going to show how the phenomenon of nominative pro vocative does not correspond to a neutralization, neither in terms of markedness nor if we intend neutralization as the total lack of syntactic relevance of the feature case value within a given context Baerman, Brown, Corbett The use of a nominative instead of a vocative is not a systematic phenomenon and it does not imply the neutralization of the distinction between the two cases. It only implies the expression of the feature value in an unexpected way. The real neutralization of the case value, instead, is observable within the secondary uses of the nominative.

Our first aim is to demonstrate how the main contact point between nominative and vocative has to be seen not in all the absolute uses of the nominative, for the extrasyntactical feature in common with the vocative, but rather it originates in those exclamative contexts where the line between neutralization and substitution is quite fine. It is possible to prove this with couple of sentences where the same terms occur in similar contexts, both in the nominative and vocative:.

Examples like a and b can be put in a particular area -that we defined phatic-expressive one- where there is a contact with a second person as well as the expression of an emotion or a feeling towards the interlocutor. Nominative and vocative forms alternate indistinctly within this area, starting from where the phenomenon of nominative pro vocative should have occurred in all its typologies.

The Syntax Morphology Interface. Principes de Phonologie , Paris, Klincksieck, French transl.

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Per una valutazione dei fondamenti teorici della marcatezza , in Cipriano P. Vocatives, in Dobrovie-Sorin, C. The gender pattern of Russian , in Halle, M. Il nominativo esclamativo latino: Exclamative constructions , in Haspelmath, M. Syntax und syntaktische Stilistik , vol. Grammaire fondamentale du latine.

The majority of scholars e. Since the quality of the long vowel is identical to the one resulting from 1st CL, this change has been considered a special case of 1st CL. Not all scholars, however, have been convinced by this account of the facts: The cluster is most often circularly reconstructed: It can be shown that none of these solutions is really tenable. A typologically common sound change that will be motivated on phonetic gestural grounds as already briefly pointed out by mendez Although Sicily in the late Roman Empire is clearly represented by ancient authors as a multilingual environment e.

Expositio totius mundi et gentium , 4th century , the 20th-century scientific debate has proposed two divergent descriptions of the Sicilian linguistic landscape: In the last decades, new approaches to bilingualism and linguistic contact, applied to antiquity, have demonstrated that the presence of a language does not imply the collapse of another one previously attested: This is the situation the Romans found after the Carthaginian war. My aim is to demonstrate, both by epigraphic evidence and historical sources, that Roman Sicily was fully Greek-Latin bilingual until the end of the 5th century, and that the two languages influenced each other: Latin and Greek epigraphs show similar onomastic material and phonological and morphological features e.

Furthermore, I argue that the persistence of Greek - especially its Doric nuance - was not a fortuitous phenomenon, but a mechanism of "koinaization" due to Sicilian pride: The resilience of a slightly Doric Greek in Sicily was, in fact, a political reaction to the Romanization of the island and, ultimately, a result of Roman politics. A Closer Scrutiny , in Matras, Y. Convergence in Historical and Typological Perspective. In Bombi et alii eds. Studi linguistici in onore di Roberto Gusmani. Frameworks and Contexts for Intertextuality. Evaluating Language Contact in a Fragmentary Corpus.

John Benjamin Publishing Company. Sprache, Literatur und Gesellschaft im Griechischen Sizilien. This abjad is, however, characterised especially early on by an almost complete absence of the denotation of vowel phonemes. Indeed, there are no extant examples of the WS abjad without vowels being used to write Greek Powell Should the Greek alphabet be seen as a mere refinement of the alphabetic principle, where vowel writing emerges naturally from a Greek speaker hearing and applying the WS abjad to Greek Jeffery ; Faber , or as a radical new development, the creation of one man Powell The present paper aims to shed light on this question by looking for structural reasons for why there might have been very few, if any, attempts to write Greek without vowels.

In an experimental approach, model abjads are created for Greek on the basis of WS models. These abjads are applied to represent various Archaic and Classical Greek texts, including sections of Homer, Tragedy and Classical historians. The results are compared with results from the same exercise conducted on fully vocalised and non-vocalised Biblical Hebrew texts, serving as a proxy for NWS dialects in general. Indeed for one abjad type in the Greek abjad texts there are as many as 10 solutions in the alphabetic text, and high token-frequency types are among those with many readings. It is argued that an important reason why Greek is never observed written with an abjad because the ambiguity for some types was simply too high.

Phonemic segmentation as epiphenomenon. In Pamela Downing, Susan D. The local Scripts of Archaic Greece: Why was the Greek Alphabet invented? Classical Antiquity 8 2. Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet. From pronoun to discourse marker: My point of departure is that these pronouns did not evolve into discourse markers because of a sudden and direct shift, but rather through an evolution that went through several phases that are not documented. To reconstruct these phases, we will take as a model similar evolutions observed in the usages that some adverbs show e.

From the linguistic viewpoint, such lamellae, both those published in and those edited at previous dates, offer ample evidence illustrating various aspects of the ancient Greek language. In particular, there are numerous data on the geographical origin, the name of the inquirers and the dialect s in which they consulted the oracle, either for personal matters or on behalf of an institution or state. The communication has the objective of drawing a map that reflects the area of influence of the sanctuary of Dodona in the different periods for which we have oracular lamellae.

To this end, we will base our investigation on a database that includes the date attributed to each inquiry in the editions, the dialect in which each query was written down and the geographical origin of each inquirer, distinguishing the occasional information explicitly provided by the text of the consultations and the conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis of the dialect and the personal name of each inquirer. From Central Greece to the Black Sea , ed.

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Diglossia and language choice in the bilingual Greek-Latin wall-inscriptions from Pompeii. Bilingualism was a widespread phenomenon in Antiquity. Because of that, it is not difficult to find an ancient city, society or culture that had a mixed population, as is the case of Pompeii. Located in a privileged position in the Vesuvian area and close to the mouth of the river Sarno, this city brought together different cultures and, therefore, languages.

During the Roman domination, the supremacy of the Latin language above others was undeniable. Nevertheless, the Greek language played an important role in the education of Roman elites, so it never lost its status as a language of culture. At the same time, Greek was considered the language of slaves and lower classes, used by merchants around the Mediterranean and regarded as lingua franca in the relations with the Eastern part of the Empire.

Our main interest in these documents is to study the phenomenon of diglossia or usage of the same language through two different roles or functions, being one of them more prestigious than the other. In this paper, we will discuss some examples from the Pompeian wall-inscriptions that present the Greek language in both the High H and the Low L levels. The choice of one language or another could be also conditioned by the use of a certain language within a given domain out of tradition or convention.

We will provide some examples of specific fields that were commonly written in Greek: Since the alternation in use of the Greek and Latin languages and alphabets shown in the wall-inscriptions comes as a result of their improvised nature and unexpected preservation, it is an important aspect when studying these inscriptions.

We will try to show how the Greek language plays a crucial role in the Roman world and to explain the relationship between Greek and Latin language in a Roman city like Pompeii. Due to the variety of linguistic levels available in these documents, we can understand better the situation, use and conception of the Greek language in a very specific period and location. The final goal will be to answer some key questions like to what extent was the knowledge of the Greek language spread among the population of Pompeii.

Language Contact and the Written Text , Oxford: Halla-aho eds , Latin vulgaire-latin tardif VI. A Companion to the Latin Language , Oxford: Foundation of the Finnish Institute at Athens. Rescigno, Pompei e i Greci cat. However, a careful attempt at analyzing semantics and syntax of this pronoun is still a desideratum. The fact that this pronoun is frequently described as corresponding to Lat. In these two examples, it is clear that the pronoun itself is not sufficient to establish a relation based on a shared knowledge between the speaker and the hearer.

Salomon Certon

Some attempts will be made to possibly envisage the pragmatic and stylistic value associated to it. Baldi Philip and Cuzzolin Pierluigi eds. Quantification, Numerals, Possession, Anaphora. Berlin and New York, de Gruyter: One of the most famous features of Homeric Greek is the use of a construction including an intransitive predicate and a noun in the accusative case that restricts the force of the predicate to a part or attribute of the subject. This accusative is mainly used to express an inalienable possession as is the case with body parts:. When the double accusative construction undergoes passivization, the whole the person becomes the subject, while the part the body part remains in the accusative, producing the accusative of respect.

Once the category was established, it was extended beyond the passive construction and it was added also to adjectives. In Homer the double accusative construction of the whole and the part is limited to inalienable possession mostly body parts:. The fact that passivization is not possible for both accusative arguments shows that they have different behavioral properites: Also in Hittite the accusative of respect arises through the passivization of the double accusative construction and occurs with predicates denoting a state or a change of state middle verbs, participles and adjectives:.

A - wa d UTU- i neanza. The construction with the accusative of respect NOM. Based on the evidence of Hittite, Luvian and Homeric Greek, the aim of this paper is to suggest that that the accusative of respect was an areal feature of some languages spoken in the area of eastern Anatolia in the second and first millenia B. Studia linguistica in honorem Johannis Tischler septuagenarii dedicata , Innsbruck , Syntaxe, Amsterdam , Problems in Comparative Linguistics , Oxford , According to Ohala ; , dissimilation processes, especially involving non-adjacent segments, are highly unnatural, in the sense that the frequently invoked principles of speech production are unable to explain such a type of phonetic change.

Greek inscriptions from different dialectal areas show in some cases the preservation of the presumably original diaspirate roots see e. The same motivations could explain the likely retention of the original diaspirate roots in Mycenaean and in Homeric Greek, where both - h - and aspirated voiceless obstruents seem not to undergo dissimilation. De Mauro , Tullio , Intelligenti pauca , in P.

Dubois, Laurent , Recherches sur le dialecte arcadien. Garrett, Andrew , Sound change , in C. Kiparsky, Paul , On comparative linguistics: Malkiel, Yakov , Multiple versus simple causation in linguistic change , in Id. Mendez Dosuna, Julian , Los dialectos dorios del noroeste. Gramatica y estudio dialectal , Salamanca, Ed.

Contributions to the study of its causes , Berlin, de Gruyter: Problems and Perspectives, London: Threatte, Leslie , The grammar of Attic inscriptions. Phonology , Berlin-New York, de Gruyter. I argue that the use in the oldest Greek literature Homer, Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns and the fragments of the Epic Cycle was not random but explainable by morphometric, syntactic and semantic reasons. This prefix gradually evolved into the mandatory marker of past tense and the earlier rules governing the use were no longer understood.

As a result, the absence in epic Greek was reinterpreted as a poetic licence and was imitated by later epic poets. In this presentation, I focus on the earliest epic texts. First, I treat the transmitted forms and by using metrical rules, bridges and caesurae such as those posited by Varro, Hermann When they are not, I check if their value can be determined by an internal reconstruction i.

Then, I proceed to the actual analysis of the established. Starting from earlier scholarship on the issue that described the augment as a deictic marker that marked the completion of the action in the presence of the speaker Platt Then lovely-smiling Aphrodite saw him, longed deeply for him and a strong desire for him took mercilessly control over her mind. This passage taken from the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite clearly shows the use and absence of the augment: Pointing at the past: Edited with Introduction and Commentary.

Modality and Injunctive in Ancient Greek. Studi Micenei ed Egeo Anatolici The Augment Use in Iliad 6: Journal of Indo-European Studies Attributive Sections in the Homeric Hymns. Unpublished Handout from Induktive versus abduktive Rekonstruktion: Tense and Mood in Indo-European Syntax. Foundations of Language 4. Zur Geschichte des griechischen und des lateinischen Hexameters.

Zur Funktion des homerischen Augments. Analecta homini universali dicata. The past-iterative and the augment in Homer. Wortstruktur und Pronomen im Altpersischen. Elision and Augment in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. Of aspects, augments, aorists — or how to say to have killed a dragon. Greek and Latin from an Indo-European Perspective. On the basis of these cases, it was suggested that, perhaps originally, the suffix did not form only action nouns, but that it could have other meanings e.

Nevertheless, many of those derived forms are not old formations, but were created all along the history of the Greek language. Therefore, the existence of forms as those of 1 and 2 cannot be explained as an archaism. On the contrary, there must be a historical linguistic procedure that connected the main meaning of action with that of instrument or result. I will argue that in all those cases there is a single procedure by which the action is reinterpreted as the object of the action. The pretended difference between instrument-like formations and result-like formations can be reduced to a single semantic metonymic phenomenon.

In the same context Chantraine, also quoting a statement by Herodotus, suggested that the suffix has its ultimate origin in Asia Minor, particularly in Lydia. Statuto e riflessi metalinguistici , Roma, Il Calamo , pp. Verba rogandi in the Greek documentary papyri of the Roman and Byzantine periods. I present a study of the verba rogandi i. AD with two goals:. The documentary papyri belong to the most relevant and copious sources for the study of the ancient everyday language.

They contain several constructions different from those of the literary language and allow us to detect some tendencies of the Greek language that would become standard many centuries later. One of these concerns the construction of the verba rogandi with completive clauses introduced by a conjunction in place of an infinitival or participial construction, foreshadowing the disappearance of non-finite complementation in later Greek Horrocks, Taking into consideration the evidence from the documentary texts of the Roman and Byzantine periods, I will firstly illustrate the complementation patterns of each relevant verb: IV , private letter, 1 st c.

On the other hand, the pairing of these two verbs could be explained as an instance of the more general phenomenon in the papyri to build formulaic expressions by combining two verba rogandi e.

This phenomenon can be also observed in relation to the verba iubendi i. Furthermore, the use of these formulas in the papyri is related to specific sociolinguistic contexts: Finally, I will explore the hypothesis that these formulas in the context of private letters behave like directive expressions, in other words they occur as fixed expressions in paratactic structures to introduce a request cf. Leiwo, and for Latin Risselada, The traditional description of the Greek praedicativum has focused largely on the frequent —albeit extremely specific— type of adjective which modifies the subject of an intransitive verb.

Recent typological studies, however, have sought to downplay significantly the importance of agreement as a main feature here, and to highlight instead the syntactic phenomenon of secondary predication as the core of the praedicativum also labelled depictive , cf. Henceforth, the parts of speech liable to function as depictive broadly include, in addition to the well-known qualifying adjectives of physical or mental state, a semantically varied range of adjectives, participles, pronouns in their adjectival use quantifiers, ordinals, emphatic pronouns , preposition phrases, nouns, and even free-from-agreement forms like noun phrases such as genitives of description Pinskter As a result, the traditional semantic characterization of the praedicativum as expressing a transient property which temporally overlaps with the event is to some extent challenged.

Attention will be paid primarily to the use of co-predicative participles, as far as such use reflects major differences in tense and aspect parameters between the two languages. Findings from this contrastive analysis will be expressed not only in terms of frequency rates but also as contrastive semantic maps. The notorious diachronic and stylistic differences between these two texts will serve to enrich the analysis.

It is generally assumed that the epichoric Attic script lacks graphemes for the long vowels, thus using epsilon and omicron to write their short, long-open and long-closed allophones respectively. This model of explanation, however, overlooks a few instances where we might recognise the letter eta in archaic inscriptions from Attica. Nevertheless, no satisfactory explanation has been given to these inscriptions since there has been no comprehensive research on the subject. A study of these characteristics is inevitably affected by the difficulties that the fragmentary epigraphic samples available present.

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Not to mention the additional complications given the context where the inscriptions mentioned above have been found. It is not unheard of that sanctuaries are places where foreign people may deposit votive offerings using their own script cf. Kenzelmann Pfyffer, Theurillat, and Verdan , no. Having these difficulties in mind, the aim of this paper is to examine the inscriptions that include these and other examples of possible etas —rendered by the aforementioned grapheme or a different allograph for eta— that appear in Attica before the Euclidean script reform.

Thus we can assess whether the previous explanations given to the inscriptions of Mt. Hymettos are plausible and clarify the reasons behind this grapholinguistic phenomenon. The Greek Sanctuary, part 1 , ed. Shaw and Maria C. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 43, — American Journal of Archaeology 44, A corpus-based approach to language contact: Greek and Latin in late antiquity.

The aim of this talk is to examine different contact phenomena between Greek and Latin as evidenced from an annotated corpus, named Textual bilingualism in Latin , which includes Late Latin literary texts from the 3 rd to the 7 th century AD containing different cases of switches into Greek. This corpus, which has been specifically created by our research group for the study of Greek-Latin contact, is already available online as a new tool for historical sociolinguistics focusing on bilingualism in the ancient Mediterranean world and on historical code-switching.

In the first part, we will discuss our methodology for the linguistic analysis of language contact between Greek and Latin, which implies a systematic assessment of the quality of data at our disposal and of the specific characteristics of language contact as attested in ancient texts. To get at the heart of the specific nature of language contact in our corpus, we will discuss the individual features of written code-switching as distinct from conversational code-switching. As is known, written code-switching has to be considered as a special instance of language mixing: In particular, it needs to be described and analyzed within the larger scenario of the literacy practices of which it is a part, also including graphical and philological issues.

Moreover, we will deal with the characteristics of what we have recognized as two distinct products of language contact, namely code-switching and single-word switches. In our approach, code-switching refers to cases of switching from Latin to Greek in the form of a sentence, whereas single-word switches correspond to the use of single Greek words into Latin texts. Obviously, this approach to ancient data requires some methodological caution about the distinction between the notion of switch itself and the notion of loanword , an issue which has received much attention with a focus on Latin borrowings in Greek cf.

Although a significant body of research has been carried out on the use of Greek in Latin texts e. In the second part, we will illustrate the development of the multi-layered tagset specific to contact phenomena between Greek and Latin worked out for our corpus. Drawing on a case study on forms, functions and textual distribution of Greek in our literary texts, we will show how this tool can be used for various types of qualitative and quantitative research on contact phenomena in the past.

The originality of this research lies on the development of a new resource for historical sociolinguistics which permits a corpus-based methodology on a wide selection of ancient texts, also promoting networking between scholars interested in language contact between Greek and Latin. Bilingualism in ancient society: Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute at Athens, vol. What is a loanword? The case of Latin borrowings and codeswitches in Ancient Greek.

Greek and Latin bilingualism. The question of the influence of Anatolian languages on Ancient Greek has been widely debated in the field of Indo-European linguistics, with scholars such as Beekes, Janse, and Melchert. In particular, the Ionian cities on the coast of Asia Minor constitute the ideal melting pot of Greek and Anatolian languages, as shown e. An optimal case-study of this linguistic interaction is found in ancient Greek literature, namely in the language of the iambographer Hipponax, which has been deeply analysed from this perspective by scholars such as Degani, Kearns, Masson, Rapallo, Tedeschi, and more recently Dale and Hawkins.

However, these works have never adequately addressed the morphological issue of heteroclisis. Scholarship on Greek heteroclisis focuses on analogical changes limited to Greek paradigms, as shown by the studies of Coker and Stump. However, the heteroclitic forms exhibited in the fragments of the Ephesian iambographer are not explicable within the Greek morphological system. The majority are nouns which switch from feminine forms in the singular to neuter forms in the plural.

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In order to explain the exceptionality of this phenomenon, I will employ a twofold approach: Respectively, I argue that 1 the resulting uncharacterized ending of feminine nouns blends with the ending of neuter plural nouns, and that 2 most of the examples of heteroclitic plural are Lydian borrowings which entered the Greek lexicon.

Furthermore, I will introduce evidence of collective plural in Lycian and pluralia tantum in Lydian in order to corroborate my thesis. Hittite, Greeks and their Neighbours , Oxford. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Innsbruck: Bilingual Encounters and Grammatical Outcomes , Oxford. Phrasal verbs are a cross-linguistic phenomenon. Alternatively, a simple verb can be modified by prefixing a particle. Classical and post-classical Greek, unlike English, prefer this option. However, in post-classical Greek letters from Egypt, several phrasal-verb constructions appear.

Given the linguistic situation in Egypt, these phrasal-verb constructions may have resulted from language contact with Egyptian Coptic. Coptic, unlike Greek, operated exclusively with phrasal verbs rather than compound verbs. However, the issue is actually more complicated. In the post-classical period, the prefix of many compound verbs seems to have lost its semantic significance.

Hence, in order to explain the phrasal-verb structures in post-classical Greek texts, we must consider at least four factors: Hiltunen , 3 internal synchronic variation, i. Biber and Conrad , and 4 the possibility that the phrasal verb and the corresponding compound verb developed a nuanced meaning and were thus not interchangeable cf.

I will seek to shed light on the reasons for the appearance of phrasal-verb patterns in Greek starting from instances in a corpus of post-classical Greek texts from Egypt. The corpus consists of all private letters that belong to bilingual papyrus archives dating from the fourth to mid-seventh centuries. The phrasal-verb patterns that appear in this corpus will then be checked against classical and post-classical literary sources as well as post-classical documentary sources to test whether the use of phrasal verbs was limited to Egypt or represents a more widespread development in later Greek.

The decline of the prefixes and the beginnings of the English phrasal verb: Porta linguarum orientalium N. Corpus-based linguistic and lexicographic studies. Research in corpus and discourse. The English verb-particle construction and its history. Topics in English Linguistics Analyse linguistique du "Bronze d'Idalion". A study of the origin of the Greek alphabet and its development from the eight h to the fifth centuries B. Intonation Units and discourse coherence in the Gyges-episode Hdt. It will give an overview over 1 what recurrent IU-types in my corpus are, 2 how they enter into coherence relations with other IUs on a local and more global level of discourse structure, 3 how an IU-based framework for discourse coherence may enhance our understanding of individual passages of Ancient Greek texts as well as more specific linguistic phenomena.

With an English Translation by A. With an Introduction and Notes by Donald Lateiner. Macaulay and Revised throughout by Donald Lateiner. Praesertim in usum scholarum recognovit et brevi annotatione instruxit Henricus van Herwerden. Discourse, consciousness, and time: The flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing.

University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

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On the typology of Focus Phenomena. Perspectives on Functional Grammar. The Theory of Functional Grammar: The Structure of the Clause. Mouton—de Gruyter, Berlin—New York. Complex and Derived Constructions. Focus as Prosodic Alignment. A typologically-based theory of language structure. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, — Information structure and sentence form: Topic, focus and the mental representation of discourse referents. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Topics, Presuppositions, and Theticity: Literature on word order and discourse structure in Ancient Greek central to the present approach.

Herodotus tussen oraliteit en geletterdheid. Mnemosyne 67 2 , — Orality and Homeric discourse. Cornell University Press, Ithaca—London. Word Order in Ancient Greek: Beobachtungen zur Gliederung des antiken Satzes II. Philosophisch-historische Klasse 3 , — University of Berkeley, California.

Topic, focus, and discourse structure: Ancient Greek word order. Studies in Language 27, — Word order, discourse segmentation and discourse coherence in Ancient Greek. Written and spoken language: Classical Philology 87, 95— Oral Strategies in the Language of Herodotus. Prog Imperfective Drift in Ancient Greek?

Transactions of the Philological Society 1 , 67— Particles in Ancient Greek Discourse: