We are Made One with what We See and Touch

Materialists do not find this a useful way of thinking about the ontology and ontogeny of ideas, but we might say that from a materialist perspective pushed to a logical extreme communicable to an idealist an "Away Team" perspective , ideas are ultimately reducible to a physically communicated, organically, socially and environmentally embedded 'brain state'. While reflexive existence is not considered by materialists to be experienced on the atomic level, the individual's physical and mental experiences are ultimately reducible to the unique tripartite combination of environmentally determined, genetically determined, and randomly determined interactions of firing neurons and atomic collisions.

As a correlative, the only thing that dreams and hallucinations prove are that some neurons can reorganize and 'clean house' 'on break' often reforming according to emergent, prominent, or uncanny cultural themes , misfire, and malfunction. But for materialists, ideas have no primary reality as essences separate from our physical existence.

From a materialist "Home Team" perspective, ideas are also social rather than purely biological , and formed and transmitted and modified through the interactions between social organisms and their social and physical environments. This materialist perspective informs scientific methodology, insofar as that methodology assumes that humans have no access to omniscience and that therefore human knowledge is an ongoing, collective enterprise that is best produced via scientific and logical conventions adjusted specifically for material human capacities and limitations. Modern Idealists , on the other hand, believe that the mind and its thoughts are the only true things that exist.

Religious thinking tends to be some form of idealism, as God usually becomes the highest ideal such as Neoplatonism. Thoughts and concepts are all that exist, and furthermore, only the solipsist's own thoughts and consciousness exist. The so-called "reality" is nothing more than an idea that the solipsist has perhaps unconsciously created. There is another option: Dualists commonly argue that the distinction between the mind or ' ideas ' and matter can be proven by employing Leibniz' principle of the identity of indiscernibles which states that if two things share exactly the same qualities, then they must be identical, as in indistinguishable from each other and therefore one and the same thing.

Dualists then attempt to identify attributes of mind that are lacked by matter such as privacy or intentionality or vice versa such as having a certain temperature or electrical charge. Descartes concluded that he could not doubt the existence of himself the famous cogito ergo sum argument , but that he could doubt the separate existence of his body. From this, he inferred that the person Descartes must not be identical to the Descartes body since one possessed a characteristic that the other did not: Solipsism agrees with Descartes in this aspect, and goes further: The Descartes body could only exist as an idea in the mind of the person Descartes.

Schopenhauer saw the human will as our one window to the world behind the representation, the Kantian thing-in-itself. He believed, therefore, that we could gain knowledge about the thing-in-itself, something Kant said was impossible, since the rest of the relationship between representation and thing-in-itself could be understood by analogy as the relationship between human will and human body.

The idealist philosopher George Berkeley argued that physical objects do not exist independently of the mind that perceives them. An item truly exists only as long as it is observed; otherwise, it is not only meaningless but simply nonexistent. The observer and the observed are one. The solipsist would say it is better to disregard the unreliable observations of alleged other people and rely upon the immediate certainty of one's own perceptions. Rationalism is the philosophical position that truth is best discovered by the use of reasoning and logic rather than by the use of the senses see Plato's theory of Forms.

Solipsism is also skeptical of sense-data. The theory of solipsism crosses over with the theory of the philosophical zombie in that all other seemingly conscious beings actually lack true consciousness , instead they only display traits of consciousness to the observer, who is the only conscious being there is.

Solipsism is not a falsifiable hypothesis as described by Karl Popper or Imre Lakatos: One critical test is nevertheless to consider the induction from experience that the externally observable world does not seem, at first approach, to be directly manipulable purely by mental energies alone. One can indirectly manipulate the world through the medium of the physical body, but it seems impossible to do so through pure thought e.

It might be argued that if the external world were merely a construct of a single consciousness, i. An argument against this states the notion that such manipulation may be possible but barred from the conscious self via the subconscious self, a 'locked' portion of the mind that is still nevertheless the same mind. Lucid dreaming might be considered an example of when these locked portions of the subconscious become accessible.

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An argument against this might be brought up in asking why the subconscious mind would be locked. Also, the access to the autonomous 'locked' portions of the mind during the lucid dreaming is obviously much different for instance: The method of the typical scientist is materialist: But the scientific method, in the sense of a predict-observe-modify loop, does not require the assumption of an external world.

A solipsist may perform a psychological test on themselves, to discern the nature of the reality in their mind - however David Deutsch uses this fact to counter-argue: Solipsism is a form of logical minimalism. Many people are intuitively unconvinced of the nonexistence of the external world from the basic arguments of solipsism, but a solid proof of its existence is not available at present.

The central assertion of solipsism rests on the nonexistence of such a proof, and strong solipsism as opposed to weak solipsism asserts that no such proof can be made. In this sense, solipsism is logically related to agnosticism in religion: However, minimality or parsimony is not the only logical virtue.

A common misapprehension of Occam's Razor has it that the simpler theory is always the best. In fact, the principle is that the simpler of two theories of equal explanatory power is to be preferred.

Aligning marketing with the consumer decision journey

So the realist can claim that, while his world view is more complex, it is more satisfying as an explanation. Some developmental psychologists believe that infants are solipsistic, and that eventually children infer that others have experiences much like theirs and reject solipsism. Advaita is one of the six most known Hindu philosophical systems and literally means " non-duality ". Its first great consolidator was Adi Shankaracharya , who continued the work of some of the Upanishadic teachers, and that of his teacher's teacher Gaudapada. By using various arguments, such as the analysis of the three states of experience—wakefulness, dream, and deep sleep, he established the singular reality of Brahman , in which Brahman, the universe and the Atman or the Self, were one and the same.

One who sees everything as nothing but the Self, and the Self in everything one sees, such a seer withdraws from nothing. More than 60 percent of consumers of facial skin care products, for example, go online to conduct further research after the purchase—a touch point unimaginable when the funnel was conceived. Of consumers who profess loyalty to a brand, some are active loyalists, who not only stick with it but also recommend it. Others are passive loyalists who, whether from laziness or confusion caused by the dizzying array of choices, stay with a brand without being committed to it.

Despite their claims of allegiance, passive consumers are open to messages from competitors who give them a reason to switch. Take the automotive-insurance industry, in which most companies have a large base of seemingly loyal customers who renew every year. Our research found as much as a sixfold difference in the ratio of active to passive loyalists among major brands, so companies have opportunities to interrupt the loyalty loop.

The US insurers GEICO and Progressive are doing just that, snaring the passively loyal customers of other companies by making comparison shopping and switching easy. They are giving consumers reasons to leave, not excuses to stay. All marketers should make expanding the base of active loyalists a priority, and to do so they must focus their spending on the new touch points. That will require entirely new marketing efforts, not just investments in Internet sites and efforts to drive word-of-mouth or a renewed commitment to customer satisfaction.

Developing a deep knowledge of how consumers make decisions is the first step. For most marketers, the difficult part is focusing strategies and spending on the most influential touch points. Other marketers may need to retool their loyalty programs by focusing on active rather than passive loyalists or to spend money on in-store activities or word-of-mouth programs. The increasing complexity of the consumer decision journey will force virtually all companies to adopt new ways of measuring consumer attitudes, brand performance, and the effectiveness of marketing expenditures across the whole process.

Without such a realignment of spending, marketers face two risks. First, they could waste money: Second, marketers could seem out of touch—for instance, by trying to push products on customers rather than providing them with the information, support, and experience they want to reach decisions themselves.

Four kinds of activities can help marketers address the new realities of the consumer decision journey. In the past, most marketers consciously chose to focus on either end of the marketing funnel—building awareness or generating loyalty among current customers.

Matter is the Stuff Around You

Our research reveals a need to be much more specific about the touch points used to influence consumers as they move through initial consideration to active evaluation to closure. In the skin care industry, for example, we found that some brands are much stronger in the initial-consideration phase than in active evaluation or closure.

For them, our research suggests a need to shift focus from overall brand positioning—already powerful enough to ensure that they get considered—to efforts that make consumers act or to investments in packaging and in-store activities targeted at the moment of purchase. For some companies, new messaging is required to win in whatever part of the consumer journey offers the greatest revenue opportunity. A general message cutting across all stages may have to be replaced by one addressing weaknesses at a specific point, such as initial consideration or active evaluation. Take the automotive industry.

A number of brands in it could grow if consumers took them into consideration. Hyundai, the South Korean car manufacturer, tackled precisely this problem by adopting a marketing campaign built around protecting consumers financially by allowing them to return their vehicles if they lose their jobs. This provocative message, tied to something very real for Americans, became a major factor in helping Hyundai break into the initial-consideration set of many new consumers.

To look beyond funnel-inspired push marketing, companies must invest in vehicles that let marketers interact with consumers as they learn about brands.

We Are Made One with What We Touch and See by Oscar Wilde - Your Daily Poem

The epicenter of consumer-driven marketing is the Internet, crucial during the active-evaluation phase as consumers seek information, reviews, and recommendations. Strong performance at this point in the decision journey requires a mind-set shift from buying media to developing properties that attract consumers: Broadband connectivity, for example, lets marketers provide rich applications to consumers learning about products.

Simple, dynamic tools that help consumers decide which products make sense for them are now essential elements of an online arsenal.

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Finally, content-management systems and online targeting engines let marketers create hundreds of variations on an advertisement, taking into account the context where it appears, the past behavior of viewers, and a real-time inventory of what an organization needs to promote. For instance, many airlines manage and relentlessly optimize thousands of combinations of offers, prices, creative content, and formats to ensure that potential travelers see the most relevant opportunities.

Digital marketing has long promised this kind of targeting. Now we finally have the tools to make it more accurate and to manage it cost effectively. Consumers want to look at a product in action and are highly influenced by the visual dimension: He is the Word of life.

English Standard Version That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we looked upon and have touched with our hands, concerning the word of life— Berean Study Bible That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our own eyes, which we have gazed upon and touched with our own hands—this is the Word of life. Berean Literal Bible That which was from the beginning, that which we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which we have gazed upon, and our hands have handled, concerning the Word of life-- New American Standard Bible What was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we have looked at and touched with our hands, concerning the Word of Life-- King James Bible That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, of the Word of life; Christian Standard Bible What was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we have observed and have touched with our hands, concerning the word of life-- Contemporary English Version The Word that gives life was from the beginning, and this is the one our message is about.

Our ears have heard, our eyes have seen, and our hands have touched this Word. Good News Translation We write to you about the Word of life, which has existed from the very beginning. We have heard it, and we have seen it with our eyes; yes, we have seen it, and our hands have touched it. Holman Christian Standard Bible What was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we have observed and have touched with our hands, concerning the Word of life-- International Standard Version What existed from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we observed and touched with our own hands—this is the Word of life!

NET Bible This is what we proclaim to you: We have heard it.