Content 2.0: What It Is & How To Make It Work For You
How-to guide: page contents
For practical instructions on optimising accessibility, refer to these Creative Commons online factsheets. They must also have enough contrast, for users with low vision. Your alternative text alt tags for images needs to be intelligible to text readers, and descriptive enough. Good alternative text helps search engines make better sense of the page.
Headings need to be identified that is, as an H1 etc.
This helps screen reader compatibility. This applies to in-text and standalone links.
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- Understanding Conformance | Understanding WCAG .
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Colours for graphics or text need to be in the recommended colour palette see How to apply Brand Victoria for the full list. There must be enough contrast between colour of the text and the colour of the background. DELWPs Communicating data with colour gives excellent guidance on designing accessible content for people with colour-blindness.
Colour combinations between type and background should be chosen carefully to ensure they are accessible. The results are noted in:. Tables need extra markup. This means, for example, using the table header TH and caption tags in place of the table data TD tags, otherwise the code will confuse a text screen reader. Refer to Webaims techniques for building accessible tables. This online accessible table builder allows you to build a table quickly without knowing HTML.
You can self-assess your accessibility with these online tools listed by WCAG on its website. The national Digital Transformation Agency also has a recommended testing process for self-assessment. Where possible, outsource accessibility testing to an independent vendor — their review will be more comprehensive. Some kinds of content are hard to make compliant. These file types are not mobile friendly, as they take longer to download than HTML, and cannot be made responsive. You can make the document accessible by using structured markup of the content H1, H2 etc , and adding alt tags to images etc.
A detailed accessibility report displays on the right of the screen. Microsoft's built-in checker can't check everything. For example, it doesn't check if text has enough contrast or if table headers are labelled correctly. It can check if an image or table has alternative text alt tag — but not if the text makes sense. Making PowerPoint and Excel and email documents accessible is very difficult. Refer to video and transcripts of Microsoft accessibility training sessions for tips on how to improve the accessibility for all types of Microsoft Office files. Provide a compliant HTML alternative.
As a minimum, you will need to provide a text equivalent for all video and multimedia. Your agency should already be embedding web accessibility WCAG 2. Control over standards for displaying content and applications in the browser would, in theory, give Netscape the kind of market power enjoyed by Microsoft in the PC market. Much like the "horseless carriage" framed the automobile as an extension of the familiar, Netscape promoted a "webtop" to replace the desktop, and planned to populate that webtop with information updates and applets pushed to the webtop by information providers who would purchase Netscape servers.
In short, Netscape focused on creating software, releasing updates and bug fixes, and distributing it to the end users. O'Reilly contrasted this with Google , a company that did not at the time focus on producing end-user software, but instead on providing a service based on data such as the links Web page authors make between sites.
Google exploits this user-generated content to offer Web search based on reputation through its " PageRank " algorithm. Unlike software, which undergoes scheduled releases, such services are constantly updated, a process called "the perpetual beta ". Wikipedia editors are not required to have educational credentials, such as degrees, in the subjects in which they are editing. Wikipedia is not based on subject-matter expertise, but rather on an adaptation of the open source software adage "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow".
This maxim is stating that if enough users are able to look at a software product's code or a website , then these users will be able to fix any " bugs " or other problems. Wikipedia's volunteer editor community produces, edits and updates articles constantly.
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The popularity of Web 2. In the cover story, Lev Grossman explains:. It's a story about community and collaboration on a scale never seen before. It's about the cosmic compendium of knowledge Wikipedia and the million-channel people's network YouTube and the online metropolis MySpace.
It's about the many wresting power from the few and helping one another for nothing and how that will not only change the world but also change the way the world changes. Instead of merely reading a Web 2. By increasing emphasis on these already-extant capabilities, they encourage the user to rely more on their browser for user interface , application software "apps" and file storage facilities. This has been called "network as platform" computing. Users can provide the data that is on a Web 2. Some scholars argue that cloud computing is an example of Web 2.
The impossibility of excluding group members who do not contribute to the provision of goods i. According to Best, [29] the characteristics of Web 2. Further characteristics, such as openness, freedom [30] and collective intelligence [31] by way of user participation, can also be viewed as essential attributes of Web 2. Some websites require users to contribute user-generated content to have access to the website, to discourage "free riding". The key features of Web 2.
In , Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty held a brainstorming session to elucidate characteristics and components of the Web 1. The client-side Web browser technologies used in Web 2. Ajax programming uses JavaScript and the Document Object Model to update selected regions of the page area without undergoing a full page reload.
To allow users to continue to interact with the page, communications such as data requests going to the server are separated from data coming back to the page asynchronously. Otherwise, the user would have to routinely wait for the data to come back before they can do anything else on that page, just as a user has to wait for a page to complete the reload.
This also increases overall performance of the site, as the sending of requests can complete quicker independent of blocking and queueing required to send data back to the client. Since both of these formats are natively understood by JavaScript, a programmer can easily use them to transmit structured data in their Web application. When this data is received via Ajax, the JavaScript program then uses the Document Object Model DOM to dynamically update the Web page based on the new data, allowing for a rapid and interactive user experience. In short, using these techniques, Web designers can make their pages function like desktop applications.
For example, Google Docs uses this technique to create a Web-based word processor. Of Flash's many capabilities, the most commonly used is its ability to integrate streaming multimedia into HTML pages. However, frameworks smooth over inconsistencies between Web browsers and extend the functionality available to developers. Many of them also come with customizable, prefabricated ' widgets ' that accomplish such common tasks as picking a date from a calendar, displaying a data chart, or making a tabbed panel.
On the server-side , Web 2. NET Framework , are used by developers to output data dynamically using information from files and databases. When data is available in one of these formats, another website can use it to integrate a portion of that site's functionality. As such, Web 2.
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
Standards-oriented Web browsers may use plug-ins and software extensions to handle the content and the user interactions. It includes discussions of self-service IT, the long tail of enterprise IT demand, and many other consequences of the Web 2. A third important part of Web 2. The social Web consists of a number of online tools and platforms where people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts and experiences. As such, the end user is not only a user of the application but also a participant by:. The popularity of the term Web 2.
For example, in the Talis white paper "Library 2. Blogs, wikis and RSS are often held up as exemplary manifestations of Web 2. A reader of a blog or a wiki is provided with tools to add a comment or even, in the case of the wiki, to edit the content. Talis believes that Library 2. Here, Miller links Web 2. Many of the other proponents of new 2. The meaning of Web 2. For example, some use Web 2. A growing number of marketers are using Web 2. Companies can use Web 2.
What does conformance mean?
Another marketing Web 2. In a recent article for Bank Technology News , Shane Kite describes how Citigroup's Global Transaction Services unit monitors social media outlets to address customer issues and improve products. In tourism industries, social media is an effective channel to attract travellers and promote the tourism product and services by engaging with customers. The brand of tourist destinations can be built through the marketing campaigns on social media by engaging with customers.
The campaign used social media platforms, for examples, Facebook and Twitter, to promote this competition, and requested the participates to share experiences, pictures and videos on social medias. The tourism organisation can earn a brand royalty from interactive marketing campaigns on social media with engaging passive communication tactics. Korean Airline Tour created and maintained a relationship with customers by using Facebook for individual communication purposes. For example, TripAdvisor is an online travel community which enables user to rate and share autonomously their reviews and feedbacks on hotels and tourist destinations.
Non pre-associate users can interact socially and discuss through discussion forums on Tripadvior. The user-generated contents become a vital tool for helping a number of travellers manage their international travels for the first time visiting. Although the user-generated content and rating system on social media are out of business controls, the businesses can monitor those conversations and participate in communities to enhance a customer loyalty and maintain customer relationships.
Make content accessible
For example, blogs give students a public space to interact with one another and the content of the class. A study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison notes that " This increase could then lead to better communication between researchers and the public, more substantive discussion, and more informed policy decision. Ajax has prompted the development of Web sites that mimic desktop applications, such as word processing , the spreadsheet , and slide-show presentation. They mimic the user experience of desktop operating-systems, offering features and applications similar to a PC environment, and are able to run within any modern browser.
However, these so-called "operating systems" do not directly control the hardware on the client's computer. Numerous web-based application services appeared during the dot-com bubble of — and then vanished, having failed to gain a critical mass of customers. Many regard syndication of site content as a Web 2. Syndication uses standardized protocols to permit end-users to make use of a site's data in another context such as another Web site, a browser plugin , or a separate desktop application. Observers have started to refer to these technologies as Web feeds.
Specialized protocols such as FOAF and XFN both for social networking extend the functionality of sites and permit end-users to interact without centralized Web sites. Servers often expose proprietary Application programming interfaces API , but standard APIs for example, for posting to a blog or notifying a blog update have also come into use.
Critics of the term claim that "Web 2. Second, many of the ideas of Web 2. Amazon also opened its API to outside developers in Tim Berners-Lee , who developed the initial technologies of the Web, has been an outspoken critic of the term, while supporting many of the elements associated with it. Sharing a file or publishing a web page was as simple as moving the file into a shared folder. Perhaps the most common criticism is that the term is unclear or simply a buzzword. For many people who work in software, version numbers like 2. The web does not have a version number.
But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along That was what it was designed to be Other critics labeled Web 2. For example, The Economist has dubbed the mid- to lates focus on Web companies as "Bubble 2. In terms of Web 2.