14 de abril. La República (Spanish Edition)
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Second Spanish Republic - Wikipedia
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They claimed that the authorities did not properly investigate it and promoted those involved in the murder whilst censoring those who cried out about it and shutting down the headquarters of right-wing parties and arresting right-wing party members, often on "flimsy charges" [17]. Stanley Payne claims the idea of a rebellion by army officers against the government had weakened before these events, but the kidnapping and murder of Calvo Sotelo had an electrifying effect which provided a catalyst to transform what was a "limping conspiracy" to a powerful revolt that could set off a civil war.
The involvement of forces of public order in the plot and a lack of punishment or action against the attackers hurt public opinion of the government. No effective action was taken, Payne points towards possible veto by socialists within the government who shielded the killers who had been drawn from their ranks.
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Within hours of learning of the murder and the reaction Franco changed his mind on rebellion and dispatched a message to Mola to display his firm commitment. When the antifascist Castillo and the anti-socialist Calvo Sotelo were buried on the same day in the same Madrid cemetery, fighting between the Police Assault Guard and fascist militias broke out in the surrounding streets, resulting in four more deaths.
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Franco's move was intended to seize power immediately, but his army uprising met with serious resistance, and great swathes of Spain, including most of the main cities, remained loyal to the Republic of Spain. The leaders of the treason Franco was not commander-in-chief yet did not lose heart with the stalemate and apparent failure of the coup. Instead, they initiated a slow and determined war of attrition against the Republican government in Madrid. Over the years, historians kept lowering the death figures and modern research concluded that , deaths were the correct figure.
The Second Republic was proclaimed during a period of worldwide economic depression. In spite of the high hopes, the Republican authorities had to struggle with rising unemployment and poverty. In the ensuing civil unrest, violence in the form of assassination, revolutionary general strikes , and mob actions increased to dangerous levels in the eyes of the traditional centres of power, such as the landowners, the Church, and the nobility.
Thus, it was easy for them to whip up dissatisfaction with the republican government.
Rightists in Spain justified their military coup against the Republic claiming that it was ungovernable and failed to respond adequately to the threats of communism, anarchism, anti-clericalism, and acts of random violence. Military units were also mobilised elsewhere to take over government institutions. Before long the professional Army of Africa had much of the south and west under the control of the rebels.
Bloody purges followed in each piece of captured "Nationalist" territory in order to consolidate Franco's future regime.
14 de abril. La República
While the Axis powers wholeheartedly assisted General Franco's military campaign, the governments of France, Britain, and other European powers looked the other way and let the Republican forces die, as the actions of the Non-Intervention Committee would show. The Republicans managed to hold out in Madrid, despite a Nationalist assault in November , and frustrated subsequent offensives against the capital at Jarama and Guadalajara in Soon, though, the rebels began to erode their territory, starving Madrid and making inroads into the east.
The north, including the Basque country, fell in late , and the Aragon front collapsed shortly afterward. The bombing of Guernica was probably the most infamous event of the war and inspired Picasso's painting. It was used as a testing ground for the German Luftwaffe's Condor Legion. The Battle of the Ebro in July—November was the final desperate attempt by the Republicans to turn the tide. When this failed and Barcelona fell to the rebels in early , it was clear the war was over.
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The remaining Republican fronts collapsed, and Madrid fell in March From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations.
Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. October Learn how and when to remove this template message. For Spain from to , see First Spanish Republic. Plus Ultra Further Beyond. Himno de Riego Anthem of Riego. Territories and colonies of the Spanish Republic: Spain, Sahara and Guinea.
International Zone of Tangier. Catalan , Basque and Galician would gain formal officiality with the approval of the Statute of Autonomy. Spanish Constitution of Background of the Spanish Civil War. Asturian miners' strike of This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Spain portal Anarchism portal Liberalism portal Socialism portal. The Second Republic, — , pp. Univ of Wisconsin Press. Retrieved 2 October University of Wisconsin Press. Library of Iberian resources online. Retrieved 30 May Retrieved 15 May National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 24 October The Spanish Civil War. Archived from the original PDF on 11 December Retrieved 27 April Empire Golden Age Economic Military.