Master Chronology of JFK Assassination Appendix XIII: Jack Ruby

A former roommate of Oswald, James Botelho who would later become a California judge stated in an interview with Mark Lane that he believed Oswald was involved in an intelligence assignment in Russia, [] [] although Botelho did not mention any of those suspicions in his testimony to the Warren Commission years earlier. Oswald's mother, Marguerite, often insisted that her son was recruited by an agency of the U. Government and sent to Russia.

Senate Select Committee on Intelligence remarked that "everywhere you look with [Oswald], there're fingerprints of intelligence".

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House Select Committee on Assassinations , stated that if he "had to do it over again", he would have investigated the Kennedy assassination by probing Oswald's ties to the Central Intelligence Agency. Robert Blakey , staff director and chief counsel for the U. House Select Committee on Assassinations, supported that assessment in his conclusions as well.

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Vincent Bugliosi provides a "partial list of assassins Since the mids, various allegations have been made about the identities of the men and their involvement in a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. Howard Hunt was a participant in the assassination of Kennedy garnered much publicity from to Hunt named Vice President Lyndon Johnson as the most likely figure behind the main impetus of the conspiracy. Dallas Police Officer J. Tippit has been named in some conspiracy theories as a renegade CIA operative sent to silence Oswald [] [] and as the " badge man " assassin on the grassy knoll.

Some critics have alleged that Tippit was associated with organized crime or right-wing politics. According to the Warren Commission, the publication of a full-page, paid advertisement critical of Kennedy in the November 22, , Dallas Morning News, which was signed by "The American Fact-Finding Committee" and noted Bernard Weissman as its chairman, was investigated to determine whether any members of the group claiming responsibility for it were connected to Oswald or to the assassination.

Related to the advertisement, Mark Lane testified during the Warren Commission's hearings that an informant whom he refused to name told him that Weismann had met with Tippit and Ruby eight days before the assassination at Ruby's Carousel Club. Lane later stated that he initially learned of the meeting through reporter Thayer Waldo of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Tippit in an apparent attempt to escape. Tippit and seven eyewitnesses who saw the flight of the gunman with revolver in hand positively identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the man they saw fire the shots or flee from the scene, 2 the cartridge cases found near the scene of the shooting were fired from the revolver in the possession of Oswald at the time of his arrest, to the exclusion of all other weapons, 3 the revolver in Oswald's possession at the time of his arrest was purchased by and belonged to Oswald, and 4 Oswald's jacket was found along the path of flight taken by the gunman as he fled from the scene of the killing.

Some researchers have alleged that the murder of Officer Tippit was part of a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy. Jim Marrs hypothesized that "the slaying of Officer J. Tippit may have played some part in [a] scheme to have Oswald killed, perhaps to eliminate co-conspirator Tippit or simply to anger Dallas police and cause itchy trigger fingers. This was proved by affixing to Oswald the opprobrious epithet of 'cop-killer. Some critics doubt that Tippit was killed by Oswald and assert he was shot by other conspirators.

According to Jim Marrs, Oswald's guilt in the assassination of Kennedy is placed in question by the presence of "a growing body of evidence to suggest that [he] did not kill Tippit". Conspiracy researcher Kenn Thomas has alleged that the Warren Commission omitted testimony and evidence that two men shot Tippit and that one left the scene in a car. William Alexander—the Dallas assistant district attorney who recommended that Oswald be charged with the Kennedy and Tippit murders—later became skeptical of the Warren Commission's version of the Tippit murder.

He stated that the Commission's conclusions on Oswald's movements "don't add up", and that "certainly [Oswald] may have had accomplices. According to Brian McKenna 's review of Henry Hurt's book, Reasonable Doubt, Hurt reported that "Tippit may have been killed because he impregnated the wife of another man" and that Dallas police officers lied and altered evidence to set up Oswald to save Tippit's reputation. Markham's testimony, there is ample evidence to identify Oswald as the killer of Tippit.

Domingo Benavides initially said that he did not think he could identify Tippit's assailant and was never asked to view a police lineup, [] even though he was the person closest to the killing.

Walt Brown's Assassination Chronology now in ebook form [Archive] - DEEP POLITICS FORUM

However, critics have questioned these lineups as they consisted of people who looked very different from Oswald. Additionally, witnesses who did not appear before the Commission identified an assailant who was not Oswald. Acquilla Clemons said she saw two men near Tippit's car just before the shooting. She said he waved to the second man, urging him to "go on". He described a man standing by Tippit's body who had on a long coat and said the man ran to a parked car and drove away.

Critics have questioned whether the cartridge cases recovered from the scene were the same as those that were subsequently entered into evidence. Two of the cases were recovered by witness Domingo Benavides and turned over to police officer J. Poe told the FBI that he marked the shells with his own initials, "J. Sergeant Gerald Hill examined one of the shells and radioed the police dispatcher, saying: The Warren Commission investigated Oswald's movements between the time of the assassination and the shooting of Tippit, to ascertain whether Oswald might have had an accomplice who helped him flee the Book Depository.

The Commission concluded " Some Warren Commission critics believe that Oswald did not have enough time to get from his house to the scene where Tippit was killed. Conspiracy researcher Robert Groden believes that Tippit's murder may have occurred earlier than the time given in the Warren Report.

Bowley who testified to Dallas police that at the time he arrived to help, "several people were at the scene", and that the time was 1: Witness Helen Markham stated in her affidavit to the Dallas Sheriff's department that Tippit was killed at "approximately 1: Warren "Butch" Burroughs, who ran the concession stand at the Texas Theater where Oswald was arrested, said that Oswald came into the theater between 1: Some conspiracy theories surrounding the Kennedy assassination have focused on witnesses to the assassination who have not been identified, or who have not identified themselves, despite the media attention that the Kennedy assassination has received.

The so-called "umbrella man" was one of the closest bystanders to the president when he was first struck by a bullet.

The "umbrella man" has become the subject of conspiracy theories after footage of the assassination showed him holding an open umbrella as the Kennedy motorcade passed, despite the fact that it was not raining at the time. One conspiracy theory, proposed by assassination researcher Robert Cutler, suggests that a dart with a paralyzing agent could have been fired from the umbrella, disabling Kennedy and making him a "sitting duck" for an assassination. In , Louie Steven Witt came forward and identified himself as the "umbrella man". Testifying before the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations , Witt stated he brought the umbrella to heckle Kennedy and protest the appeasement policies of the president's father, Joseph Kennedy.

An unidentified individual who is referred to by some conspiracy theorists as the "dark complected man" can be seen in several photographs, taken seconds after the assassination, sitting on the sidewalk next to the "umbrella man" on the north side of Elm Street. Louie Steven Witt, who identified himself as the "umbrella man", said he was unable to identify the other individual, whose dark complexion has led some conspiracy theorists to speculate Cuban government involvement, or Cuban exile involvement, in the assassination of Kennedy.

Some conspiracy theories focus on individuals that it is claimed can be seen in photographs of the assassination. Both "badge man" and "black dog man" have been suggested as possible assassins of President Kennedy. The figures were first discovered by researchers Jack White and Gary Mack and are discussed in a documentary called The Men Who Killed Kennedy , where it is alleged a third figure can also be seen on the grassy knoll, possibly the eyewitness Gordon Arnold.

The "badge man" figure—so called as he appears to be wearing a uniform similar to that worn by a policeman, with a badge prominent—helped fuel conspiracy theories linking Dallas Police officers, or someone impersonating a police officer , to the assassination.

Another "figure" that has been the subject of conspiracy is the so-called "black dog man" figure who can be seen at the corner of a retaining wall in the Willis and Betzner photo of the assassination. In an interview, Marilyn Sitzman told Josiah Thompson that she saw a young black couple who were eating lunch and drinking Cokes on a bench behind the retaining wall and, therefore, it is possible that the "black dog man" figure is actually the black woman and her child. In The Killing of A President , Robert Groden argues that the "black dog man" figure can be seen in a pyracantha bush in frame of the Zapruder film.

The United States House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that a head of an individual could be seen but that this individual was situated in front of, rather than behind the bushes. Conspiracy theorists consider four or five groups, alone or in combination, to be the primary suspects in the assassination of Kennedy: Bush , [] [] Sam Giancana , [] J.

Soon after the assassination of President Kennedy, Oswald's activities in New Orleans , Louisiana , during the spring and summer of , came under scrutiny. Three days after the assassination, on November 25, , New Orleans attorney Dean Andrews told the FBI that he received a telephone call from a man named Clay Bertrand , on the day of the assassination, asking him to defend Oswald.

Martin told police that Ferrie "was supposed to have been the getaway pilot in the assassination. According to several witnesses, in , both Ferrie and Banister were working for lawyer G. Kennedy was assassinated and the day Marcello was acquitted in his deportation case—New Orleans private investigator Guy Banister and his employee, Jack Martin , were drinking together at a local bar. On their return to Banister's office, the two men got into a heated argument.

According to Martin, Banister said something to which Martin replied, "What are you going to do—kill me like you all did Kennedy? Martin, badly injured, went by ambulance to Charity Hospital. One of Oswald's leaflets had the address " Camp Street" hand-stamped on it, apparently by Oswald himself. Banister's office was involved in anti-Castro and private investigative activities in the New Orleans area.

While the committee was unable to interview Guy Banister who died in , the committee did interview his brother Ross Banister. Ross "told the committee that his brother had mentioned seeing Oswald hand out Fair Play for Cuba literature on one occasion. Ross theorized that Oswald had used the Camp Street address on his literature to embarrass Guy. Guy Banister's secretary, Delphine Roberts, would later tell author Anthony Summers that she saw Oswald at Banister's office, and that he filled out one of Banister's "agent" application forms.

She said, "Oswald came back a number of times. He seemed to be on familiar terms with Banister and with the office. Garrison's investigation led him to conclude that a group of right-wing extremists, including David Ferrie and Guy Banister, were involved with elements of the Central Intelligence Agency CIA in a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. Garrison would later claim that the motive for the assassination was anger over Kennedy's attempts to obtain a peace settlement in both Cuba and Vietnam.

On January 29, , Clay Shaw was brought to trial on these charges, and the jury found him not guilty. Canute Michaelson to work with Dr. Alton Ochsner and Dr. Mary Sherman on a clandestine CIA project to develop a biological weapon that could be used to assassinate Fidel Castro. According to Baker, she and Oswald were hired by Reily in the spring of as a "cover" for the operation. Addressing speculation that Oswald was a CIA agent or had some relationship with the Agency, the Warren Commission stated in that their investigation "revealed no evidence that Oswald was ever employed [by the] CIA in any capacity.

In , former U. Furthermore, he found that both agencies withheld information that might have alerted authorities in Dallas that Oswald posed a potential threat to the President. Subsequently, Newman expressed a belief that CIA chief of counter-intelligence James Angleton was probably the key figure in the assassination. According to Newman, only Angleton "had the access, the authority, and the diabolically ingenious mind to manage this sophisticated plot. Watson stated the president felt that [the] CIA had had something to do with plot.

One conspiracy theory suggests that a secret or shadow government including wealthy industrialists and right-wing politicians ordered the assassination of Kennedy. In the farewell speech given by U. Eisenhower before he left office on January 17, , warned the nation about the power of the military establishment and the arms industry. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist. Former Texas Senator Ralph Yarborough in stated: I think we would have escaped that.

According to author James Douglass, Kennedy was assassinated because he was turning away from the Cold War and seeking a negotiated peace with the Soviet Union.

JFK Assassination Chronology

Oliver Stone 's film, JFK , explored the possibility that Kennedy was killed by a conspiracy involving the military-industrial complex. The House Select Committee on Assassinations reported that it investigated "alleged Secret Service complicity in the assassination" and concluded that the Secret Service was not involved. No actions were taken by the agent in the right front seat of the presidential limousine Roy Kellerman to cover the President with his body, although it would have been consistent with Secret Service procedure for him to have done so.

The primary function of the agent was to remain at all times in close proximity to the President in the event of such emergencies. Some argue that the lack of Secret Service protection occurred because Kennedy himself had asked that the Secret Service make itself discreet during the Dallas visit. Palamara reports that Secret Service driver Sam Kinney told him that requests—such as removing the bubble top from the limousine in Dallas, not having agents positioned beside the limousine's rear bumper, and reducing the number of Dallas police motorcycle outriders near the limousine's rear bumper—were not made by Kennedy.

Colin McLaren , a former Australian police detective sergeant, was inspired by Bonar Menninger's Mortal Error , [] to approach the assassination of Kennedy as a cold case investigation, [] and treating Howard Donahue's expert testimony as that of just one witness of many.

After more than four years of research, [] he published a book titled JFK: The Smoking Gun, [] which was accompanied by a documentary. He quotes many more witnesses than Donahue or Menninger as having believed that shots were fired at ground level, and observes a pattern of concealment of evidence. The House Select Committee on Assassinations wrote: Many of these exiles hoped to overthrow Castro and return to Cuba. Their hopes were dashed with the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion in , and many blamed President Kennedy for the failure. The House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that some militant Cuban exiles might have participated in Kennedy's murder.

In , the committee reported:. President Kennedy's popularity among the Cuban exiles had plunged deeply by Their bitterness is illustrated in a tape recording of a meeting of anti-Castro Cubans and right-wing Americans in the Dallas suburb of Farmer's Branch on October 1, Allegedly, Novo was affiliated with Lee Harvey Oswald and Frank Sturgis and carried weapons with them to a hotel in Dallas just prior to the assassination. These claims, though put forth to the House Assassinations Committee by Lorenz, have never been substantiated.

Don DeLillo dramatized the Cuban theory in his novel Libra. Government documents have revealed that some members of the Mafia worked with the Central Intelligence Agency on assassination attempts against Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When Maheu contacted Roselli, Maheu hid the fact that he was sent by the CIA, instead portraying himself as an advocate for international corporations. Roselli introduced Maheu to two men he referred to as "Sam Gold" and "Joe". So the agency sought out a partner equally worried about Castro—the Mafia, which had lucrative investments in Cuban casinos.

Some conspiracy researchers have alleged a plot involving elements of the Mafia, the CIA, and the anti-Castro Cubans, including Anthony Summers, who stated: In fact, there's no contradiction there. Those three groups were all in bed together at the time and had been for several years in the fight to topple Fidel Castro.

Kennedy was murdered by a conspiracy involving disgruntled CIA agents, anti-Castro Cubans, and members of the Mafia, all of whom were extremely angry at what they viewed as Kennedy's appeasement policies toward Communist Cuba and the Soviet Union. Carlos Marcello allegedly threatened to assassinate the President to short-circuit his younger brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who was leading the administration's anti-Mafia crusade. Scheim cited in particular a fold increase in the number of out-of-state telephone calls from Jack Ruby to associates of these crime bosses in the months before the assassination, and to an attempted confession by Jack Ruby while in prison.

Kaiser has also suggested mob involvement in his book, The Road to Dallas. Anderson said that although he was never able to independently confirm Roselli's entire story, many of Roselli's details checked out. Anderson said that Oswald may have played a role in the assassination, but that more than one gunman was involved. Johnny Roselli, as previously noted, had worked with the CIA on assassination attempts against Castro. He said that he was offered the assassination contract on President Kennedy, but that he did not accept it.

However, he said that he knew the men who did accept the contract. According to David, there were three shooters. He provided the name of one— Lucien Sarti. David said that since the other two shooters were still alive, it would break a code of conduct for him to identify them. When asked what the shooters were wearing, David noted their modus operandi was to dress in costumes such as official uniforms.

The book Ultimate Sacrifice, by Lamar Waldron and Thom Hartmann , attempted to synthesize these theories with new evidence. The authors argued that government officials felt obliged to help the assassins cover up the truth because the assassination conspiracy had direct ties to American government plots to assassinate Castro. Outraged at Robert Kennedy's attack on organized crime, mob leaders had President Kennedy killed to remove Robert from power.

A government investigation of the plot was thwarted, the authors allege, because it would have revealed embarrassing evidence of American government involvement with organized crime in plots to kill Castro. Johnson of being involved in the assassination of Kennedy. According to journalist Max Holland , the first published allegation that Johnson perpetrated the assassination of Kennedy appeared in Penn Jones, Jr. Nelson, [] and Madeleine Brown. The fact that JFK was seriously considering dropping Johnson from the ticket in favor of NC Governor Terry Sanford should Kennedy run in has been cited as a possible motive for Johnson's complicity in the assassination.

Johnson would be replaced as Vice President of the United States. That conversation took place on November 19, , just three days before the assassination of President Kennedy and was recorded that evening in her diary and reads as follows:. Kennedy sat in the rocker in my office, his head resting on its back he placed his left leg across his right knee. He rocked slightly as he talked. In a slow pensive voice he said to me, 'You know if I am re-elected in sixty-four, I am going to spend more and more time toward making government service an honorable career.

I would like to tailor the executive and legislative branches of government so that they can keep up with the tremendous strides and progress being made in other fields. To do this I will need as a running mate in sixty-four a man who believes as I do. Lincoln went on to write "I was fascinated by this conversation and wrote it down verbatim in my diary.

Now I asked, 'Who is your choice as a running-mate? But it will not be Lyndon. The book suggests that a smudged partial fingerprint from the sniper's nest likely belonged to Johnson's associate Malcolm "Mac" Wallace , and that Mac Wallace was, therefore, on the sixth floor of the Depository at the time of the shooting. The book further claims that the killing of Kennedy was paid for by oil magnates, including Clint Murchison and H. McClellan states that the assassination of Kennedy allowed the oil depletion allowance to be kept at It remained unchanged during the Johnson presidency.

The History Channel assembled a committee of historians who concluded the accusations in the documentary were without merit, and The History Channel apologized to the Johnson family and agreed not to air the series in the future. Madeleine Brown , who alleged she was the mistress of Johnson, also implicated him in a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. In , Brown said that Johnson, along with H. Hunt, had begun planning Kennedy's demise as early as Brown claimed that by its fruition in , the conspiracy involved dozens of persons, including the leadership of the FBI and the Mafia, as well as prominent politicians and journalists.

Edgar Hoover at a social gathering at Murchison's mansion the night before the assassination. Thornton , and H. Kennedys will never embarrass me again—that's no threat—that's a promise. In the same documentary, several other Johnson associates also voiced their suspicions of Johnson. Charles Crenshaw authored the book JFK: Conspiracy of Silence, along with conspiracy theorists Jens Hansen and J. Crenshaw was a third-year surgical resident on the trauma team at Parkland Hospital that attended to President Kennedy. He also treated Oswald after he was shot by Jack Ruby.

Crenshaw said that Johnson inquired about Oswald's status, and that Johnson demanded a "death-bed confession from the accused assassin [Oswald]". Shires, but that Oswald was in no condition to give any statement. Howard Hunt accused Johnson along with several CIA agents whom he named of complicity in the assassination in his posthumously released autobiography American Spy: In , convicted swindler Billie Sol Estes made statements to a Grand Jury in Texas indicating that he had "inside knowledge" that implicated Johnson in the death of Kennedy and others.

Kurtz wrote that there is no evidence suggesting that Johnson ordered the assassination of Kennedy. In its report, the Warren Commission stated that it had investigated "dozens of allegations of a conspiratorial contact between Oswald and agents of the Cuban Government" and had found no evidence of Cuban involvement in the assassination of President Kennedy. This support included funding exiles in commando speedboat raids against Cuba. In , Clare Luce said that on the night of the assassination, she received a call from a member of a commando group she had sponsored.

According to Luce, the caller's name was "something like" Julio Fernandez and he claimed he was calling her from New Orleans. According to Luce, Fernandez told her that Oswald had approached his group with an offer to help assassinate Castro. Fernandez further claimed that he and his associates eventually found out that Oswald was a communist and supporter of Castro.

He said that with this new-found knowledge, his group kept a close watch on Oswald until Oswald suddenly came into money and went to Mexico City and then Dallas. Luce said that she told the caller to give his information to the FBI. Both committees investigated the incident, but were unable to uncover any evidence to corroborate the allegations. Helms further stated that the CIA had employed members of the Mafia in this effort, and " On separate occasions, Johnson told two prominent television newsmen that he believed that JFK's assassination had been organized by Castro as retaliation for the CIA's efforts to kill Castro.

In October , Johnson told veteran newsman Howard K. Finally, in , Johnson told his former speechwriter Leo Janos of Time magazine that he "never believed that Oswald acted alone". In , Castro was interviewed by newsman Bill Moyers. Castro denied any involvement in Kennedy's death, saying:. It would have been absolute insanity by Cuba. It would have been a provocation.

Needless to say, it would have been to run the risk that our country would have been destroyed by the United States. Nobody who's not insane could have thought about [killing Kennedy in retaliation]. The Warren Commission reported that they found no evidence that the Soviet Union was involved in the assassination of President Kennedy. According to some conspiracy theorists, the Soviet Union, with Nikita Khrushchev motivated by having to back down during the Cuban Missile Crisis , was responsible for the assassination. According to a FBI document, Colonel Boris Ivanov—chief of the KGB Residency in New York City at the time of the assassination—stated that it was his personal opinion that the assassination had been planned by an organized group, rather than a lone individual.

The same document stated, " Much later, the high-ranking Soviet Bloc intelligence defector, Lt. He claimed that "among the leaders of Moscow's satellite intelligence services there was unanimous agreement that the KGB had been involved in the assassination of President Kennedy. David Lifton presented a scenario in which conspirators on Air Force One removed Kennedy's body from its original bronze casket and placed it in a shipping casket, while en route from Dallas to Washington. Once the presidential plane arrived at Andrews Air Force Base , the shipping casket with the President's body in it was surreptitiously taken by helicopter from the side of the plane that was out of the television camera's view.

Kennedy's body was then taken to an unknown location—most likely Walter Reed Army Medical Center [] —to surgically alter the body to make it appear that he was shot only from the rear. According to the report, Lt. Lipsey mentioned that he and Wehle then flew by helicopter to Bethesda and took [the body of] JFK into the back of Bethesda. Laboratory technologist Paul O'Connor was one of the major witnesses supporting another part of David Lifton's theory that somewhere between Parkland and Bethesda the President's body was made to appear as if it had been shot only from the rear.

O'Connor said that President Kennedy's body arrived at Bethesda inside a body bag in "a cheap, shipping-type of casket", which differed from the description of the ornamental bronze casket and sheet that the body had been wrapped in at Parkland Hospital. Researcher David Wrone dismissed the theory that Kennedy's body was surreptitiously removed from the presidential plane, stating that as is done with all cargo on airplanes for safety precautions, the coffin and lid were held by steel wrapping cables to prevent shifting during takeoff and landing and in case of air disturbances in flight.

Jim Marrs, in his book Crossfire, presented the theory that Kennedy was trying to rein in the power of the Federal Reserve , and that forces opposed to such action might have played at least some part in the assassination. A article in Research magazine discussing various controversies surrounding the Federal Reserve stated that "the wildest accusation against the Fed is that it was involved in Kennedy's assassination. Immediately following Kennedy's death, speculation that he was assassinated by a " Zionist conspiracy " was prevalent in much of the Muslim world.

Johnson received orders from Zionists to have Kennedy killed, and that the assassin was a Zionist agent. Ben-Gurion, to shed light on Dimona's nuclear reactor in Israel ". Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory. The conspiracy theories relating to the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, relate to non-standard accounts of the assassination that took place shortly after midnight on June 5, , in Los Angeles, California. Kennedy was assassinated during celebrations following his successful campaign in the Californian primary elections while seeking the Democratic nomination for U.

The perpetrator was a year-old Palestinian immigrant named Sirhan Sirhan, who remains incarcerated for the crime. However, as with his brother's death, Robert Kennedy's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned various conspiracy theories, particularly regarding the existence of a second gunman. Many of these theories were examined during an investig Marine Lee Harvey Oswald firing in ambush from a nearby building. Governor Connally was seriously wounded in the attack. The motorcade rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital where President Kennedy was pronounced dead about thirty minutes after the shooting; Connally recovered from his injuries.

Oswald was arrested by the Dallas Police Department 70 minutes after the initial shooting. Oswald was charged under Texas state law with the murder of Kennedy as well as that of Dallas policeman J. Tippit, who had been fatally shot a short time after the assassination. Sunday, November 24, , as live television cameras covered his Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, Kennedy, mandating the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. It is about the assassination of U.

Kennedy and takes issue with the investigatory methods and conclusions of the Warren Commission. On June 5, , presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was mortally wounded shortly after midnight at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Earlier that evening, the year-old junior senator from New York was declared the winner in the South Dakota and California presidential primaries in the election.

He was pronounced dead at 1: Shortly after leaving the podium and exiting through a kitchen hallway, he was mortally wounded by multiple shots fired from a handgun. The shooter was year-old, Sirhan Sirhan. In , Sirhan was convicted of murdering the senator and sentenced to death. Permindex, also referred to as Permanent Industrial Exposition or Permanent Industrial Expositions, was a trade organization headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories. Cutler, self-described as an "assassinologist", opened the museum in The museum was not limited in scope to the conspiracy theories surrounding the assassination of John F.

Kennedy, but it also covered Robert F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr. Cutler's argument was that all these conspiracies can be tied together. Tom Bowden, the museum's president, said that the museum would re-locate to another part of the Katy Building or anot Kennedy, Jackie Kennedy, Nellie Connally, and Governor John Connally, minutes before the assassination This article considers the detailed timeline of events before, during, and after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States.

Timeline November 22, The motorcade leaves Love Field for its mile trip through downtown Dallas. Shots are fired as the motorcade passes the Texas School Book Depository. The first United Press International bulletin clears the wire s Kennedy The John F. Kennedy assassination Dictabelt recording was a recording from a motorcycle police officer's radio microphone stuck in the open position that became a key piece of evidence cited by the House Select Committee on Assassinations HSCA in their conclusion that there was a conspiracy behind the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, Made on a common Dictaphone dictation machine that recorded sounds in grooves pressed into a thin vinyl-plastic belt, the recording gained prominence among Kennedy assassination conspiracy theorists from , in which the HSCA used it to conclude that there was a "high probability" that Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone and that the Kennedy assassination was the result of a conspiracy.

Later scientific examination discredited this interpretation of the evidence. The recording was made from Dallas Police Radio Channel 1, which carried routine police radio traffic; Channel 2 was reserved for special events, such as the presidential motor A variety of alternative theories have been proposed regarding the Oklahoma City bombing. These theories reject all, or part of, the official government report.

Some of these theories focus on the possibility of additional co-conspirators that were never indicted or additional explosives planted inside the Murrah Federal building. Other theories allege that government employees and officials, including US President Bill Clinton, knew of the impending bombing and intentionally failed to act on that knowledge. Government investigations have been opened at various times to look into the theories.

Oklahoma City bombing At 9: Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories have alleged he was tied to the shooting through the Office of Strategic Services, the Central Intelligence Agency, and Permindex. Thomas University in JFK and the Unspeakable: Kennedy as well as the events surrounding the assassination of John F. The book is drawn from many sources, including the Warren Report.

The book's central thesis is that Kennedy was a cold warrior who turned to peace-making, and that as a result he was killed by his own security apparatus. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. House of Representatives and Senate prior to becoming president.

Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, the second child of Joseph P. He graduated from Harvard University in and joined the U. Naval Reserve the following year. After the war, Kennedy represented the 11th congressional district of Massachusetts in the U. House of Representatives from to Kennedy assassination and the subsequent conspiracy theories surrounding it have been discussed, referenced, or recreated in popular culture numerous times.

Marric, was published in by Hodder and Stoughton in London, the year before the Kennedy assassination. Inspector George Gideon learns of a plot to assassinate President Kennedy during a state visit to London. The assassination is to take place during a parade, by means of a bomb; the assassin, called O'Hara, is a Southern bigot who hates the President for his Roman Catholic faith and his civil-rights initiatives.

Ballard wrote a short-short story titled "The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy considered as a downhill motor race. Trilogy first published in by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson depicts the assassination scene, with several would-be assassins trying to kill Kennedy simultaneously. Sherlock Holmes in Dallas Dodd, Mead Conspiracy theories usually deny consensus or cannot be proven using the historical or scientific method and are not to be confused with research concerning verified conspiracies such as Germany's pretense for invading Poland in World War II.

Aviation Numerous conspiracy theories pertain to air travel and aircraft. Incidents such as the bombing of the Kashmir Princess, the Arrow Air Flight crash, the Mozambican Tupolev Tu crash, the Helderberg Disaster, the bombing of Pan Am Flight and the Mull of Kintyre helicopter crash as well as various aircraft technologies and alleged sightings, have all spawned En bloc clip used in Oswald's Carcano rifle. Hidell", purchased by mail order a 6.

The Hidell alias was determined from multiple sources to be Oswald. Kennedy as his motorcade drove by on November 22, Yitzhak Rabin was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories arose almost immediately following the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli Prime Minister, on November 4, The gunman Yigal Amir, a Jewish Israeli student, was apprehended within seconds by people in the crowd.

Rabin died later on the operating table of Ichilov Hospital. Amir confessed to the assassination of Rabin. The matter has been reported as clear cut in the media, and the Shamgar national inquiry commission and the court all drew the same conclusion that Amir was guilty of murder. Nevertheless, some inconsistencies in the evidence have been alleged, both in the medical records and in the inquiry testimony. These allegations and other suspicions have been included in occasional left-wing, and more prevalent right-wing conspiracy theories.

Conspiracy claims Conspiracy theories have made some or all of the following claims. Masonic conspiracy theories are conspiracy theories involving Freemasonry; hundreds of such conspiracy theories have been described since the late 18th century. Many conspiracy theory writers have connected Freemasons and the Knights Templar with worship of the devil;[2][3][4][5][6] these ideas are based on different interpretations of the doctrines of those organizations.

These mainly involve aspects and agencies of the United States government, but actual events outside the US such as the Propaganda Due scandal in Italy ar It tries to answer what happened to the first bullet fired at John F Kennedy. It re-evaluates the famous Zapruder film that shows the murder of JFK and states that Zapruder stopped filming and missed the first shot fired which changes the timeline of the bullets fired making it possible that the first bullet hit a traffic signal.

The documentary also features other home movies taken on the day. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories References http: Lucien Sarti circa [1] — April 28, [2] was a French drug trafficker. Kennedy The Murderers of John F. Rivele's French-published book Th Family of Secrets is a book by Russ Baker. Published by Bloomsbury Press in , the book describes alleged connections between the Bush family with the Central Intelligence Agency. The book asserts that President George H. Bush was linked to the Watergate scandal and the assassination of John F.

Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories after discovering a report that George H. Bush could not remember where he was on November 22, Kennedy and the Watergate scandal. The "umbrella man", identified by the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations in as Louie Steven Witt, is a name given to a figure who appears in the Zapruder film, and several other films and photographs, near the Stemmons Freeway sign within Dealey Plaza during the assassination of John F.

He was also one of the closest bystanders to President John F. Kennedy when Kennedy was first struck by a bullet. As Kennedy's limousine approached, the man opened up and lifted the umbrella high above his head, then spun or panned the umbrella from east to west clockwise as the president passed by him. In the aftermath of the assassination, the "umbrella man" sat down on the sidewalk next to anothe Senator from New York from January until his assassination in June Kennedy, like his brothers John and Edward, was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and has come to be viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism.

After serving in the U. Naval Reserve as a seaman apprentice from to , Kennedy returned to Harvard University and graduated in He received his law degree from the University of Virginia and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in He began his career as a lawyer at the Justice Department but later resigned to manage his brother John's successful campaign for the U. The following year, he worked as an assistant c James Henry Fetzer born December 6, is an emeritus professor of the philosophy of science at the University of Minnesota Duluth.

In the late s, Fetzer worked on assessing and clarifying the forms and foundations of scientific explanation, probability in science, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of cognitive science, especially artificial intelligence and computer science. Fetzer's allegations and speculations have drawn strong criticism. He served in the 82nd Airborne, and was recruited into US Army intelligence during that time. It is alleged that he was involved in Executive Action, a series of projects designed to kill foreign leaders deemed unfriendly to the United States.

Lifton born is an American author who wrote the bestseller Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, a work that puts forth evidence that there was a conspiracy to assassinate John F. Fred Lee Crisman July 22, - December 10, was an author from Tacoma, Washington known for claims of paranormal events and 20th century conspiracies. CE side view CE base view The single-bullet theory or magic-bullet theory, as it is commonly called by its critics was introduced by the Warren Commission in its investigation of the assassination of President John F.

Kennedy to explain what happened to the bullet that struck Kennedy in the back and exited through his throat. Generally credited to Warren Commission staffer Arlen Specter[2] later a United States Senator from Pennsylvania , this theory posits that a single bullet, known as "Warren Commission Exhibit " or "CE " caused all the wounds to the governor and the non-fatal wounds to the president, which totals up to seven entry It was originally released as a B-side to "True Faith" in and appeared on the Substance compilation of the same year.

It was then released as a single in January , in a radio mix by Arthur Baker. Lyrics In New Order Music —89, the band's lyricist Bernard Sumner writes a tongue-in-cheek account of the song's lyrics that relate it to the assassination of John F. Sumner facetiously theorises that Kennedy arranged for Lee Harvey Oswald to shoot his wife so that "J.

Monroe commits suicide when Oswald hits the wrong target in reality, Marilyn Monroe died in , over a year before the assassination took place and Oswald is later shot by his boss implied to be Jack Ruby, who in reality killed Oswald in retaliation for Kennedy's death for "doing such a bad job and causing his hit-man business to go bust. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. The HSCA completed its investigation in and issued its final report the following year, concluding that Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. In addition to acoustic analysis of a police channel dictabelt recording,[1] the HSCA also commissioned numerous other scientific studies of assassination-related evidence that corroborate the Warren Commission's controversial findings.

Frame from the Zapruder film. Kennedy's limousine has just turned onto Elm Street, moments before the first shot, and the President is apparently waving. Unexpectedly, it ended up capturing the President's assassination. Even though it is not the only film of the shooting, the Zapruder film has been described as being the most complete one, giving a relatively clear view from a somewhat elevated position on the side from which the president's fatal head wound is visible.

It was an important part of the Warren Commission hearings and all subsequent investigations of the assassination, and it is one of the most studied pieces of film in history. Of greatest notoriety is the film's capture of the fatal shot to President Kennedy's head when his pres Assassination attempts and plots on the President of the United States have been numerous, ranging from the early 19th century to the s.

More than 30 attempts to kill an incumbent or former president, or a president-elect have been made since the early 19th century. Four sitting presidents have been killed, all of them by gunshot: Abraham Lincoln , James A. Additionally, two presidents have been injured in attempted assassinations, also by gunshot: Theodore Roosevelt ; former president at the time and Ronald Reagan Although the historian James W.

Clarke has suggested that most American assassinations were politically motivated actions, carried out by rational men,[1] not all such attacks have been undertaken for political reasons. His father, Vincenzo Sacco, moved on his own to the United States. His father died in He became a member of the Chicago Outfit and was known by his mob nickname of "Handsome Johnny". The exact date and reason fo The Moorman photograph detail showing the fatal shot; "Badge Man" is reputedly located behind the stockade fence at photo center Badge Man is a name given to an unknown figure that is reputedly visible within the famous Mary Moorman photograph of the assassination of U.

Some researchers have theorized that this figure is a sniper firing a weapon at the President from the grassy knoll in Dealey Plaza. Even though an alleged muzzle flash obscures much of the detail, the "Badge Man" has been described as a person wearing some kind of police uniform — the moniker itself derives from a bright spot on the chest, which is said to resemble a gleaming badge.

Speculation about the "Badge Man" figure helped create conspiracy theories regarding a plot made by members of the Dallas Police Department to kill President Kennedy. In response, abundant skeptics proposed numerous alternative interpretations of the image. Groden born November 22, is an American author who has written extensively about conspiracy theories regarding the assassination of U. His books include The Killing of a President: The Case for Conspiracy shorter version than his co-authored book. He served in the Army starting in , and first became interested in the assassination of John F.

The three tramps are three men photographed by several Dallas-area newspapers under police escort near the Texas School Book Depository shortly after the assassination of United States President John F. The Three Tramps Early allegations: Sprague who compiled the photographs in and , and subsequen The "Key" is purportedly a synopsis of Roberts' documents that presents a chronicle of interlocking conspiracies, including claims that world events since the s were shaped by suppressed information, the names of supposed shooters of President John F.

Kennedy, and suggested connections between a number of political assassinations which occurred within a relatively short time frame. Roberts, known only to Stephanie Caruana and conspiracy theorist Mae Brussell, purportedly began gathering information in the file when Howard Hughes stole his invention for p Paul O'Connor may refer to: Winter Kills is a black comic novel written in by Richard Condon exploring the assassination of a U. The novel parallels the death of John F.

Kennedy and the conspiracy theories about it. Plot summary The novel begins with U. The ensuing presidential commission condemns a lone gunman as the killer. The narrative starts years later, when Kegan's half-brother, Nick, witnesses the death-bed confession of a man claiming to have been part of the killing's 'hit squad'.

As the protagonist attempts to uncover those behind it, he encounters numerous groups and persons that could have led or been part of the conspiracy. One is Lola Camonte, a hostess, lobbyist and fixer. She recounts the story of President Kegan asking her about appointing a member of organized crime to the Court of St.

The character "Joe Diamond" is the fictional representation of the killer of Kennedy's alleged assassin, Lee Harvey Osw William Penn Jones Jr. October 14, — January 25, was an American journalist, the editor of the Midlothian Mirror and author. He was also one of the earliest John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theorists. The family later bought a farm in Annona, Texas. It was there that Jones met an economic professor who he later credited with for influencing him to become a liberal.

The Assassination of President John F. Bugliosi argues that the Warren Commission's conclusion that Lee Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy is correct. Several photographs—including one that won a Pulitzer Prize—were taken of Oswald just before and as Ruby pulled the trigger. The photos show Leavelle wearing a tan suit, in sharp contrast to the other detective L. Graves , who is wearing a black suit. One day while the ship was in a storm at sea, Leavelle was descending a ladder when a large wave hurled him to the deck. The impact seriously damaged his kn Clinton Williams "Clint" Murchison Sr.

April 11, — June 20, [1] was a noted Texas-based oil magnate and political operative. Among his companies was the Southern Union Company. Richardson as lease traders in the Burkburnett oilfield in It examines the events leading to the assassination of John F. Stone described this account as a "counter-myth" to the Warren Commission's "fictional myth. Upon its theatrical release, many major American newspapers ran editorials accusing Stone of taking liberties with historical facts, including the film's implication that President Lyndon B.

Johnson was part of a coup The death of Benito Mussolini, the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April , in the final days of World War II in Europe, when he was summarily executed by Italian partisans in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy. The official version of events is that Mussolini was shot by Walter Audisio, a communist partisan who used the nom de guerre of "Colonel Valerio". By the autumn of , he was reduced to being the leader of a German puppet state in northern Italy and was faced with the Allied advance from the south and an increasingly violent internal conflict with the partisans.

In April , with the Allies breaking through the last German defences in northern Italy According to the political scientist Michael Barkun, conspiracy theories rely on the view that the universe is governed by design, and embody three principles: An Currier and Ives colored lithograph that inaccurately depicts the assassination of Abraham Lincoln During the history of the United States, eight presidents have died in office.

Harrison was the first president to die in office when he caught pneumonia and died on April 4, He was shot by John Wilkes Booth on the night of April 14, and died the following morning. Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, surviving for over two months before d Handbill circulated on November 21, , one day before the assassination. Oswald, carrying a rifle in his backyard. Dealey Plaza in The wooden fence on the grassy knoll, where many conspiracy theorists believe another gunman stood.

Bill and Gayle Newman drop to the grass and cover their children. The Newmans said that they thought the fatal shot came from behind them. Family just yards from president's shooting never called to testify". Following the assassination of President Kennedy the "umbrella man" can be seen sitting on the sidewalk next to the "dark complected man" on the right side of the photograph. Some conspiracy theorists believe that "badge man" could have fired the fatal shot that killed President Kennedy.

Kennedy is to the right and Mrs. Johnson to the left. In Bill Newman's voluntary statement to the Sheriff's Department, signed and notarized on November 22, , he wrote that the gunshot "had come from the garden directly behind me, that was on an elevation from where I was as I was right on the curb. I do not recall looking toward the Texas School Book Depository.

I looked back in the vacinity [ sic ] of the garden. Not in Your Lifetime. Archived from the original on November 1, Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U. United States Government Printing Office. Bugliosi , p. Disasters, Accidents, and Crises in American History: Retrieved September 1, Holland, Max June Making Sense of the Assassination".

Reviews in American History. Martin, John September University Press of Mississippi. Retrieved September 4, Olmsted March 11, Saad, Lydia November 21, Kennedy Assassination a Conspiracy". Mafia, federal government top list of potential conspirators". Archived from the original on August 1, Warren Commission Report, Chapter 5: Detention and Death of Oswald, Chronology. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Krauss, Clifford January 5, The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, Donovan, Barna William Investigation of Possible Conspiracy".

Kennedy, Chapter 6 , p. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved March 25, Conspiracy Theories in American History: Karlyn Bowman September 4, Gary Langer November 16, Retrieved May 16, Dana Blanton June 18, Retrieved March 15, An Investigation into the Assassination of John F. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Lone Gunman versus Conspiracy.

University of Kansas Press. The Report on the Warren Report. Skyhorse Press; originally self-published. Benson, Michael []. Summers , p. Archived from the original on December 13, Drummond, Roscoe November 3, Salt Lake City, Utah. Retrieved December 23, Disappointment November 25, —August, Monday, November 25, is a national day of mourning, but only for one of the three funerals held that day; four days later, the new president blocks all investigations into the assassination by naming a Commission made up of seven politicians.

Their investigation and results are dismal, pathetic failures, although the media supports them. The Nation reserves its doubts. As the fiftieth anniversary of the assassination dawns, there is a stand-off between the government, still in control of untold thousands of documents, and the researchers, in possession of untold dozens of theories as to what really happened.

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The evolution of her story as seen through her testimony and depositions with the passage of years. The reader should carefully note the metamorphosis. Sadly, far too many of the characterizations are negative, but equally sadly, necessary. But it is reported as I lived it. The medical, in their own words; Transcripts of depositions, testimonies, interviews, documents. As in the case of Appendix II,the reader is strongly encouraged to note the metamorphoses in the testimonies of several individuals who are called to testify on multiple occasions.

In some cases, there is a metamorphosis in only one testimony session. Testimony from Cuban officials as it related to the Oswald in Mexico City scenario, and beyond that, to the assassination. A brief and gentle reminder to the reader that not everything between the covers of a book is the truth. The record is not complete, as many motorcade participants were avoided. Following the release of memoirs by retired agents Gerald Blaine and Clint Hill, new revelations are considered. Testimony and depositions from family, friends of long ago, those who were charged with preventing the murder Ruby committed.

Citizens who viewed the motorcade; their testimony, depositions, and perceptions. While all the installments are appearing on Amazon as ebooks, anyone who orders the set from Walt gets 21 separate Word documents included on their chronology CD, each following the preview on a different subject or topic. So, in total there is more than pages of writing just for those first four books. Brown continually uses specific moments of interest to stop and digress on the topic at length, analysing the data, giving his opinion, linking to other facts, pointing out things you might have missed - so the whole thing is really an extended, digressive, massive book on the overall conspiracy and event organised progressively by time period.

Brown, for example, doesn't get stuck into the Warren Commission until he reaches that section chronologically. This isn't a hard and fast rule though so there is plenty of forward-looking discussions regarding the assassination even in the earlier pre entries. The section of the chronology that covers Elsewhere within the volumes, Brown's own autobio as a researcher is more than pages long - it's an alternately funny, eye-opening, cantankerous and depressing read he faced senior academic staff at his workplace who were wholly unsympathetic to his efforts , and it offers both potshots and hosannahs to other researchers, some of whom will not be unfamiliar to members of this forum.

A collection of Jack Ruby testimony and interviews included is more than pages, and there are accompanying books fully annotated with notes from Brown on Cuban testimony, the mafia, motorcade witnesses, medical evidence and so on.