Conciliation emploi-famille et temps sociaux: 3^e édition (French Edition)

Evergreening of medicinal product patents. Why is the legal protection of topographies of semiconductor products an IP right? Utility models considered as intellectual property rights at the European level. Plant variety rights and intellectual property rights. Auken report and property rights in Spain. Important new tax charges on small and medium-sized properties in Greece.

Accessibility of trains for wheelchair users. Human rights abuses in Equatorial Guinea. Internet domain name extensions and the wine industry. Support for Greece in paying for damage caused by forest fires. Protection of the Siberian flying squirrel in Finland. Exploitation of water resources in the occupied territories of the Western Sahara. Export of Moroccan-labelled products from the Western Sahara. Council of Europe report on environmental health. Deportation of a transsexual Panamanian national.

Local authority-owned power generation. Payments for ecosystem services in the EU. Regional Operational Programme for Romania. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists list of tax havens leaked. Gang rape of an underage girl: Food safety monitoring of tinned food from Thailand. Rejection of Romania's application to extend the deadline for applying reverse taxation to cereals.

Use of direct and indirect funds by the Municipality of Siena Tuscany. Disparities among EU Member States in accessing funds. Proposals for renegotiating Portugal's adjustment conditions. Rights of Greek National School of Public Administration graduates — training for fast-stream public service recruitment in Greece.

Distance selling of wine to private customers. Situation of the pharmacy industry and late payments by public administrations. Late payments to pharmacies by Spanish public administrations. Situation of the pharmacy industry: Situation of the pharmacy industry and potential European lines of funding. Possible infringement of the common rules for the internal market in natural gas. Possible infringement of the common rules for the internal market in natural gas 2. Stability Pact and co-financing of EU funds: EASA investigation into cases of contaminated cabin air in aircraft.

Possible infringement of the principles of non-discrimination and respect for human dignity. Flagrant discrimination against Palestinian passengers travelling to Israel. Interest on business loans in the euro area. Cessation of the Cyprus investigative commission inquiry. Dredging for oil extraction in the Arctic. Subsidies for the Stuttgart 21 railway project. Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy Commission investigations into Chinese solar products.

EUR-Lex L'accès au droit de l'Union européenne

Consequences for the Italian vehicle repair sector of the proposal for a regulation on periodic roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers COM Commissioner Kroes's interference with the Italian elections. Cataloguing, study and preservation of European heritage throughout the world II.

Commission proposal on official controls. Investigations into fraudulent food labelling. European funding — examples of successful applications. European Maritime Day — European Parliament support. Late payments by the Catalan Government to the pharmacy industry. Recovery of EU funds — cohesion policy. Difference between intellectual property rights and industrial rights. Restructuring of Nova Ljubljanska banka. Certification standards for trains using European railways. Psychosocial risks at work as a result of the crisis. Commission's initiative in finding additional means of funding for Cyprus.

IMF participation in the rescue of the Cyprus economy.

Consequences of the Eurogroup decision on Cyprus and the eurozone. Cypriot banks' exposure to the Greek debt crisis. Consequences of Eurogroup decisions on Cyprus. Possible breach of the European energy framework — compensation for damages. Loss of international passenger trains in Greece. Ticketing and travel information in the Single European Railway Area. Freeze on French mimolette cheese in the United States.

Incinerator at Montale Pistoia: Review of air passenger rights legislation. Credit contraction in the European periphery. Sale of Cyprus's gold reserves to fund the bailout. Next loan instalment from the Troika expected in May. Consequences of the ruling by the Constitutional Court on the memorandum of understanding. Injection of capital for Portuguese hospitals and an increase in the deficit. New farm bill in response to the drought II. Sardine stocks off the Iberian coast II.

Report by the American Petroleum Institute. Competition between high-speed trains and motorways. Ryanair's use of temporary-work agencies. Ongoing discrimination against foreign language teachers lettori in Italy. Amendments to the proposed tobacco directive tabled by the Commission. Freezing of quotas within the framework of the revision of the ETS Directive.

Ban of associations promoting paedophilia. Stability and Growth Pact: Levels of degrees in higher-education systems in the European Union. Opportunities for consumers to contact businesses by e-mail. Systems for grading educational attainment in the European Union. The problem of road safety in the different EU Member States. China — the world's largest oil importer. Great bustard — a species under threat. Increased xenophobia in European health services. Credit is more expensive for companies in Southern Europe. Availability of Memoranda of Understanding and technical documents in Portuguese.

Divide between north and south in Europe. Reactivation of nuclear plants in Japan. Rise in the number of child abuse cases. Fukushima — Radioactive water spillage. BCG vaccine shortage due to lack of laboratory capacity. The impact of the economic crisis on the fall in birth rates. Consumer access to justice in cross-border disputes. EU investigates MasterCard for breaching competition law. Microsoft and Nokia report Google to the Commission. European aid for the modernisation of the Polish energy system.

Developments relating to competition in the car and motorcycle insurance sector in Italy. Unequal income distribution in the fruit and vegetable sector. Future of the relationship between sport, health and social life. The future of European disability legislation: Measures to deal with the tuberculosis crisis. Dealing with the emergency of psychotropic drugs being prescribed to children: Cross-border crime in South-West Flanders.

Funding of innovation and development measures. Complaint of social dumping filed against Germany by Belgian Ministers. Passenger name records PNR — targeted call for proposals. Strategy for global approach to tackling the problem of smoking among young people. Return of deposits to the Greek banking system. Adoption of guidelines for traineeships: Glacial melting in Europe and climate targets. Monsanto's plans to patent cucumbers, broccoli and melons. Improving literacy among girls in Pakistan.

Use of EU subsidies in the Czech Republic. Italy's economic development, despite the absence of a new government. The economic crisis and the related policy of austerity measures make the situation even worse. It is as if there was no strategy or effort to combine long-term fiscal responsibility with investment in growth and jobs.

Does the Commission have the will to take concrete steps towards finding alternatives that might be beneficial and might contribute to an economically sensible and socially balanced policy aimed at reducing debt and lowering the high unemployment rate? Sound public finances are not an alternative but rather a pre-requisite for sustainable growth and employment. We still observe the legacy — including in labour markets — of an economic and financial crisis and its effects inevitably take time to be re-absorbed.

The Commission called, among others, for pursuing differentiated, growth-friendly fiscal consolidation; promoting growth and competitiveness; tackling unemployment and the social consequences of the crisis. Through the European Semester, structural reforms are promoted to tackle bottlenecks to growth and address challenges in labour markets and social policy. The Commission will assess Member States' measures to boost growth and jobs and propose policy recommendations. It will report on the progress towards the Europe targets.

The Multiannual Financial Framework will represent a substantial contribution to Member States' efforts to deliver on Europe In view of the current developments in France and the euro area, what potential impact does the Commission believe this decision by France could have on the euro area?

Economic and budgetary developments in France are subject to continued and close monitoring by the Commission. Since the beginning of the crisis France has implemented measures to address its structural and budgetary challenges. In particular, France has been implementing a sizeable structural effort since , averaging around 1 pp. In such circumstances, the Stability and Growth Pact allows a postponement of the deadline for correcting the excessive deficit. Granting extra time to France appears also warranted in light of the weak growth prospects both in France and in the euro area.

On the basis of the spring economic forecast, the Commission intends to present a recommendation for a Council Recommendation concerning the French excessive deficit procedure by the end of May. The Commission remains confident that the country will keep on implementing the necessary reforms and therefore excludes categorically that France may need a bailout programme. These people were fleeing political persecution in their country, poverty and — of course — also drought.

During their journey, young girls and women in particular experience an unimaginable nightmare, being repeatedly raped and seriously ill-treated. Does the High Representative know whether, in the refugee camps, these ill-treated women are provided not only with safety, but also at least with appropriate psychological support to enable them to come to terms with these horrific events? The EU is aware of the dire situation that large numbers of the migrants crossing the sea to Yemen from the Horn of Africa find themselves in.

This programme includes medical care, legal assistance and psychosocial counselling for victims of gender violence. This approach is closely coordinated with other donors and organisations active in Yemen. The Ethiopians, who constitute the bulk of the economic migrants, do not have the same rights in Yemen. This group is particularly exposed to hardship and crime.

This was two years ago. Could the Commission advise whether the Bulgarian authorities, who have now had more than four years to correct the situation, have removed the wind turbines from Kaliakra and made good the damage done to the protected habitats on this site? If not, could the Commission advise whether it intends to take any action to ensure that the Kaliakra IBA is fully designated, and that the SPA is restored and protected?

If so, by when? The Commission has repeatedly stated that it is committed to securing full implementation of EU environmental law. The British authorities expressed their concern about this article, which has been regularly syndicated in the press since, and their intention to refer the question to the European Commission.

Has the Commission addressed this question in greater depth since ? If so, what conclusions has it drawn? Does the Commission intend to explicitly prohibit the marketing of human collagen used for the preparation of cosmetic products? Why, having reiterated the ban in principle on such marketing, did the Commission reiterate the marketing conditions for human tissue and cells accreditation, security and donor consent and affirm that it was up to the Member States to assume their responsibilities in the matter?

The Commission shares the Honourable Member's concern on the suspected use of human collagen in the preparation of certain products sold within the European Union. This directive regulates the import of human tissues and cells. Suspected of having harmful effects on fertility and the natural environment and even of being one of the factors that causes neurobehavioural problems, they are now seen as a global threat to public health.

Does it intend to strengthen the regulatory framework, in applying the precautionary principle, by taking account of the cocktail effect of molecules when evaluating the toxicity of products? Does the Commission intend to organise independent research into the impact of these molecules on human health and on the environment? Does the Commission intend to strengthen the regulatory framework governing the duty of information of professionals, by requiring them to provide full labelling of the real composition of their products and to remove molecules which are proven or suspected endocrine disrupters from their formulae?

In line with the communication, the Commission established an ad hoc working group of relevant services and Agencies to strengthen coordination across the legislation and to promote the integrated assessment of priority mixtures. The group is currently working on the identification of priority mixtures to be subject to integrated assessment within the frame of existing legislation. However, at this stage of the legislative process, it is not possible to predict the possible allocation of funds to this area. The ongoing review and revision of the Endocrine Strategy and the development of criteria for identification of endocrine disruptors intend to make these requirements operational.

De Commissie bevordert bijgevolg de dialoog met Turkije om de concrete samenwerking te versterken, met name door de bestrijding van criminele netwerken die zich bezighouden met de smokkel van illegale migranten. Heeft de Commissie op enigerlei wijze nu wel of niet een dialoog met Turkije gehad? De Turkse autoriteiten hebben hun inspanningen om illegale migratie te bestrijden, verhoogd. Deze inspanningen hebben bijgedragen tot een sterke daling van het aantal illegale grensoversteken van de Griekse landgrens. The Commission is therefore promoting such a dialogue that is also aimed at identifying ways to strengthen concrete cooperation, including by combating criminal networks that are behind the smuggling of irregular migrants.

Has the Commission conducted any kind of dialogue with Turkey? If so, what results has this dialogue produced, and why has it not led to agreements with Turkey? If not, why did the Commission then envisage such a dialogue? Does the Commission intend to do anything more about the fact that, as it has stated itself, Turkey is a major transit country for illegal immigrants, or will the Commission continue to trust a country with which it has failed to reach a single agreement despite paying it millions of euros?

The Turkish authorities have also increased their efforts to combat irregular migration, efforts that have contributed to the serious decrease of unauthorised border crossings of the Greek land border. The Commission has proposed to Turkish authorities to hold a dialogue on migration, mobility and security matters in a more structured manner and looks forward to assist through the IPA funds the implementation of actions which would contribute to further strengthen the EU-Turkey cooperation in these matters as well as to build up the capacities of Turkey. Het zou volgens hem beter zijn wanneer de vrouw samen met haar man voor de shariarechtbank zou verschijnen.

Deelt de Commissie de mening dat uit het beeldmateriaal overduidelijk blijkt dat de shariarechtspraak de nationale wetgeving resp. Deelt de Commissie de mening dat het verwerpelijk is als een shariarechter een vrouw, die door haar echtgenoot geregeld wordt geslagen, ervan weerhoudt naar de politie te stappen? Deelt de Commissie de mening dat dit het probleem van geweld jegens islamitische vrouwen niet oplost maar juist in de hand werkt? Het recht op steun is een van de belangrijkste rechten in deze richtlijn.

Ze is erop gericht slachtoffers en hun familieleden kosteloos toegang te verschaffen tot ondersteuningsdiensten die op vertrouwelijke basis informatie en advies, emotionele en psychologische steun en praktische bijstand verlenen. Slachtoffers van strafbare feiten zouden zo snel mogelijk na de feiten steun moeten kunnen krijgen, ongeacht of de feiten zijn aangegeven of niet.

It would be better, according to him, if the woman and her husband appeared before the Sharia court. What is the Commission's stand on Sharia law in the EU? Does the Commission agree that Sharia law is illegal in the EU? If not, why not?

1. Justice Prevails.
2. Le lundi 12 décembre 2016.
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6. BRIBES (French Edition);
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Does the Commission agree that the footage clearly shows that Sharia law undermines national and European legislation and that that is wrong? Does the Commission agree that it is reprehensible that a Sharia judge should advise a woman regularly hit by her husband against going to the police? Does the Commission agree that this does not solve the problem of violence against Muslim women but just makes it worse? Making full use of EU competences, the Commission is also taking effective civil and criminal justice measures to support the Member states in eradicating violence against women.

The right to support is one of the core rights in the directive. Its purpose is to ensure that victims, and their family members, have access to confidential and free of charge support services which provide information and advice, emotional and psychological support and practical assistance. Support should be available from the earliest possible moment after the commission of a crime irrespective of whether it has been reported. Das hat Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt. This impacts on man and the environment. Such an assessment has to cover inter alia issues like noise emission from the operation of the project as well as impact on population and material assets and the interrelationship between these factors.

The Technical Specification for Interoperability TSI on Noise sets maximum levels of noise for new railway vehicles and is currently under revision; lowering existing noise limits for new wagons and locomotives is under consideration;. As noted in the aforementioned review, fiscal adjustment in the Member States has affected employment both directly and indirectly: For example, unemployment in Greece has risen from 9. Furthermore, reduced social spending due to the demands of fiscal consolidation, which is much higher than in previous periods of economic recession, is negating the effects of economic stabilisation of social protection systems in numerous Member States and exacerbating the recession.

Low-income households have been worst hit by the reduction in social security benefits and wage cuts and taxation and have seen their living standards plummet. On what legal basis is its proposal to give economic indicators priority over employment and social cohesion based? What measures does it intend to propose in order to address the adverse social impact of the fiscal adjustment programmes which it introduced and imposed as a member of the Troika?

The Commission has not made any proposal to give economic indicators priority over employment and social ones. It monitors and analyses the employment and social situation in Europe with great care and concern. The Annual Growth Survey already makes clear that more decisive policy action is needed to return to growth and reduce the dramatic levels of unemployment. Fiscal consolidation has been necessary in many Member States to put their economies on a sustainable footing, but the Commission has emphasised that this must be done in a manner that is socially fair, as growth-friendly as possible, and that the appropriate fiscal policy would depend on the specific situation of the Member State.

The pace of fiscal adjustment recommended by the Commission in is lower than in , reflecting the reality of a longer-than-expected recession and the need to support economic growth. The Commission is also looking into ways how investment expenditure could be treated more favourably in the context of the Stability and Growth Pact than has been the case so far.

The Remedies Directives i. The Remedies Directives do not regulate the question of fees. However, the fees should be proportionate with the contract value and not be excessive so as to render the enforcement of effective means of redress by aggrieved tenderers impossible or substantially more difficult. On the other hand, the level at which the fee is set could act as an appropriate deterrent in cases where interim relief is abusively sought in unjustified and unfounded cases, thereby having a negative impact on the conduct and prompt completion of tendering procedures.

The Commission would like to reassure the Honourable Member that it closely monitors the application of the remedies system in the Member States. The Troika then abruptly announced that the two banks must be recapitalised separately, effectively freezing the merger. In view of the statement issued by the National Bank governing board that full official approval for the prospective merger between the two banks had been secured from all quarters both in Greece and abroad:.

Were any of the Commission services in favour of the proposed merger? Is the Commission able to convince the Greek public that its sudden change of course was in no way prompted by those with vested interests in the liquidation of the National Bank? Both banks will remain fully operational without any change in their legal status.

If both banks will be recapitalised fully by the HFSF, the new majority owner may decide on any potential consolidation among the core banks, after having developed a comprehensive banking sector strategy. The Directorate-General for Competition of the Commission has been involved only from a state aid perspective. NBG has indeed received state aid but it had to be ensured that no state aid was used to fund that acquisition and that the acquisition was not damaging the long-term viability of both NBG and Eurobank. Based on these criteria, the analysis of the Commission did not reveal elements which would allow for blocking the acquisition under state aid rules.

On that basis, the Commission communicated to the Greek authorities that, under state aid rules, it had no objections to the proposed acquisition. Israeli authorities use administrative detention to hold prisoners indefinitely on secret information without charging them or allowing them to stand trial. Neither the detainees nor their lawyers are informed of the accusations or evidence against them.

Some prisoners are held without charge or trial for years on end. This was his third arrest. The European Union EU has on various occasions drawn the attention of the Israeli authorities to its concerns particularly with regard to hunger strikers and to the extensive use by Israel of administrative detention without formal charge. Under international law, detainees have the right to be informed about the reasons underlying any detention and to have the legality of their detention determined without undue delay.

She has also publicly welcomed the agreement reached last year between Israeli prison authorities and representatives of Palestinian prisoners aimed at improving conditions of detention and guaranteeing family visiting rights and also called for the agreement to be fully implemented. The EU has also called for solutions to be found to enable hunger strikers to end their hunger strike and in this regard welcomes the deal that was reached in the case of Samer Issawi who will eventually be released and will be able to return to Jerusalem.

The EU shall continue engaging with the Israeli authorities at all levels with a view to ensuring the respect of all international human rights obligations for all prisoners. There are currently over 4 Palestinian political prisoners being held in Israeli prisons, of whom about are minors. During their imprisonment, they are subjected to shocking forms of interrogation, including intimidation, threats and physical violence.

The majority of Palestinian children have been arrested for nothing more than throwing stones. Furthermore, the detention of a child should be in conformity with the law and only used as a last resort for the shortest appropriate period of time. The Israeli authorities are in clear violation of the Convention in their treatment of Palestinian minors. The EU has repeatedly voiced its concerns about the treatment of Palestinian children in the Israeli judicial and detention system. Palestinian minors do not enjoy the same level of protection as is provided for under Israel's Youth Law or required by international law.

The EU has repeatedly conveyed its concerns about these practices in the framework of its regular political and human rights dialogue with Israel. Nieuwe stemming wegens misleiding door de Commissie follow-up. Hoe reageert zij op de twee bovenvermelde verklaringen? Hoe kan de reeds aangerichte schade worden hersteld? De dekking van extra kosten die het gevolg zijn van een dergelijke bijstand, wordt in deze richtlijn uitvoerig behandeld.

Uit deze analyse is gebleken dat een dergelijke samenwerking in overeenstemming is met de toepasselijke artikelen van de Verdragen. Zoals hierboven reeds is vermeld, is het voorstel van de Commissie voor een richtlijn van de Raad betreffende de totstandbrenging van de nauwere samenwerking in kwestie nog in behandeling bij de Raad. Zoals reeds is vermeld, is de richtlijn betreffende de totstandbrenging van een nauwere samenwerking nog niet goedgekeurd.

De richtlijn kan pas na goedkeuring worden aangevochten. Similar consequences of the financial transaction tax are also expected in other Member States not participating in enhanced cooperation. Is the Commission aware of the real consequences of the financial transaction tax? What does it think of the two aforementioned statements? What is the legal basis of the obligation of Member States who do not participate in enhanced cooperation to cover amounts incurred from the financial transaction tax?

Does the Commission still maintain its opinion that the proposed financial transaction tax meets all of the criteria defined in the Treaties? What would be the consequences of a judgment by the European Court of Justice that the financial transaction tax is not in line with European law? How would it be possible to repair the damage already done? The Commission proposal for a Council Directive implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of financial transaction tax.

The outcome of the analysis was that such cooperation is in line with the relevant articles in the Treaties. This view was shared by the Council, who adopted the authorisation proposed by the Commission by qualified majority cf. As mentioned, the directive implementing enhanced cooperation has not yet been adopted and could be challenged only after such adoption. What steps does it intend to take to protect Cypriots — who are EU citizens — from the certainty of soaring unemployment, mass poverty and social misery? What is its position regarding the unprecedented decision by the Eurogroup to force the Republic of Cyprus to impose a haircut on deposits, in violation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which provides for the protection of the right to property?

Cyprus is a unique case because of the size of its banking sector combined with its structure, level of risk-taking and suboptimal supervision. The Commission is aware of the challenges posed by the current economic and financial crisis in terms of social consequences.

The Commission stands fully at the side of the Member States during these very challenging times. The increase in unemployment underlines the need for an overall assessment of activation policies and available instruments for income support after the expiration of unemployment insurance benefits.

A reform of public assistance has been agreed with the Cypriot authorities and should ensure that social assistance serves as a safety net to ensure a minimum income for those unable to support a basic standard of living, while safeguarding incentives to take up work, ensuring consistency with the reform of the welfare system. Considering the gravity of the economic situation, the Commission is setting up a Support Group for the recovery of the Cypriot economy. It will assist the Cypriot authorities in their efforts to reform the growth model of the Cypriot economy as soon as possible.

Its objective is to do everything possible to alleviate the social consequences of the economic shock by allowing a quick emergence of new types of economic activity, by mobilising funds from EU instruments and by supporting the Cypriot authorities' efforts to restore financial, economic and social stability. Belangrijk is ook de vaststelling dat de Palestijnse gevangenen en opgeslotenen steeds vaker worden onderworpen aan geregelde en willekeurige foltering en mishandeling, als in het geval van Arafat Jaradat, die in februari is overleden na in de gevangenis te zijn gefolterd.

De kwestie wordt geregeld besproken in de werkgroep mensenrechten in het kader van de bestaande associatieovereenkomst. De resultaten van daarvan zouden zo spoedig mogelijk bekend moeten worden gemaakt. Since , more than Palestinian people have been arrested, detained and imprisoned under Israeli military law. This represents the highest rate of incarceration worldwide. Detentions of this nature have also occurred at peaceful demonstrations, according to the Public Committee against Torture in Israel.

The resolution calls on the Israeli authorities to respect the rights of Palestinian prisoners and to protect their health, dignity and lives. The EU has repeatedly drawn the attention of the Israeli authorities to its concerns regarding Palestinian detainees, notably with regard to hunger-strikers and to administrative detainees. Under international law, detainees have the right to be informed about the reasons underlying any detention, and the decision on detention itself must be subject to a meaningful review process.

The EU calls on Israel to bring formal charges against any individuals detained, with a view to bringing them to a fair trial without undue delay. The EU regularly raises the issue of Palestinian prisoners with Israel at all levels, including at the level of the Association Council. The question is regularly discussed in the human rights working group under the existing Association Agreement and EU concerns are reflected in its annual progress reports.

Israel disputes the claim that Arafat Jaradat died after being tortured. Small and medium-sized wine producers, the majority of which are family businesses, generate most of their income through direct sales. What is more, European rural development policy encourages wine tourism and the use of direct marketing methods which bypass wholesalers and retailers.

If the buyer does not travel to the Member State in which the goods are purchased, excise duty must be paid in the Member State of destination. Wine growers who wish to export limited quantities of wine to private individuals are forced to appoint a tax representative, who then pays the excise duty in the country of destination. This inevitably increases the price of the wine substantially, to the extent that potential customers are put off.

The administrative procedures involved also vary considerably from one Member State to another. Whilst large concerns with EU-wide distribution networks can shrug them off, these unnecessary administrative complications serve to exclude small and medium-sized wine producers from the internal market. Does the Commission intend to simplify the administrative arrangements in question so that small and medium-sized firms can participate fully in the internal market?

Does it not agree that funding for rural development, and in particular for the promotion of wine tourism, would be more effective if wine growers were able to continue selling their products directly to tourists even after the latter have returned home? The Commission is aware of the internal market inefficiencies due to the arrangements for distance selling of excise goods released for consumption and in particular in the trade of wine, which mostly affects small and medium-sized wine producers.

It is expected to report by the middle of The Commission wishes to reduce the administrative burdens and complications, which hit all the actors involved in these transactions in order to make the single market more efficient, which would inevitably lead to reducing the costs for this sector of the economy. The Commission, in its proposal for the rural development policy for the next programming period The issue raised by the Honourable Member basically relates to taxation and falls within the remit of the Member of the Commission responsible for Taxation, Customs, Statistics, Audit and Anti-Fraud.

In this respect, please bear in mind that all decisions adopted by the Commission must respect the collegiality principle. People who have trained privately as an airline pilot need a good type rating that entitles them to fly a particular type of aircraft if they are to find permanent employment with an airline as a pilot. Is it right for the airlines to demand such high charges for the necessary type ratings? Is the Commission considering standardising the arrangements for acquiring a type rating throughout Europe, in particular in relation to the obviously very variable cost level?

These technical requirements have been developed by the European Aviation Safety Agency EASA and serve the purpose of establishing a high uniform level of civil aviation safety throughout the European Union. These legal instruments do not cover the pricing for training as this issue falls under the responsibility of the Member States and airlines. Kinder und Jugendliche mit Bluthochdruck. Wie viele Kinder und Jugendlicher sind in den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten betroffen? Ferner werden die Ziele der Strategie mithilfe von Projekten verwirklicht, die aus dem 7.

Forschungsrahmenprogramm der EU finanziert werden und u. Neuformulierung von Lebensmittelrezepturen, Bereitstellung gesunder Lebensmittel und Verstehen des Verbraucherverhaltens. Can the Commission offer an estimate of the number of children and adolescents affected throughout Europe? Does the Commission propose to launch long-term studies on this issue aimed at significantly improving the current situation? What measures will the Commission recommend to the Member States in order to counter this serious health problem among young people, thereby also reducing health and social costs in the long term?

The Commission does not collect data on the number of children suffering from hypertension. The other priority areas are better informed consumers; making the healthy option available; encouraging physical activity; and developing monitoring systems and the evidence base to support policy making. It is essential that actions continue to be developed and carried out by Member States at regional and local levels.

As salt intake plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure, the High Level Group jointly agreed in to a common EU Framework for National Salt Initiatives with common vision for a European approach towards salt reduction. Dies ist Aufgabe der Mitgliedstaaten. What steps has the Commission taken and what steps is it planning in the near future to reduce the transport of animals over long journeys? A recital to legislation does not include normative provisions; it rather specifies the statement of reasons for the adoption of the legislation and motivates the chief provisions of the enacting terms.

Enforcement is the responsibility of Member States. Insbesondere die Seegrenze zum Libanon gilt als umstritten. Der EU ist die fragile Sicherheitslage in der Region voll und ganz bewusst und sie engagiert sich aktiv an mehreren Fronten. In view of the fact that the sea borders are not legally secured except with Cyprus , a dispute over sea borders is almost inevitable in relation to extractions from the Tamar and Leviathan Fields. The sea border with Lebanon is particularly contentious.

What preparations are being made at EU level for a foreseeable deterioration of the security situation in the Middle East? The EU is acutely aware of the fragile security situation in the region and remains actively engaged on several fronts. It has consistently called for comprehensive peace in the Middle East, including the Syrian and the Lebanese track. The EU has welcomed the Arab Peace Initiative, which also holds out the prospect of normalisation of relations between Israel and the Arab world.

The discovery of extensive gas deposits in the Eastern Mediterranean underlines the benefits which could be secured from cooperation. Auf EU-Ebene widmet man sich ja nun dem massiven Bienensterben. The EU is now focusing on the massive collapse of the bee population. Important measures to encourage bees include the environmental design of public spaces and the raising of awareness among the public. For example, it is helpful if meadows are not mown too frequently to allow them to flower.

Organic farming practices avoiding the use of insecticides also play an important role in protecting bees. Are there any EU-wide projects aimed at raising awareness among the public of the importance of protecting bees? Several of these support measures have a positive effect on the protection of bee population.

Additionnally, several general measures to promote a more sustainable agriculture are proposed in the frame of the reform of the common agricultural policy. Specific measures such as encouraging the maintenance of certain areas with melliferous plants are also discussed. The EU has conducted and is continuing to carry out several projects in relation to the protection of bees.

Euro-Krise verschlechtert Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung. Erstmals brechen in Europa also Epidemien wie Malaria aus. Bisher ist die Lage unter Kontrolle. A study carried out by the European Observatory on Health Policies and Health Systems has come to the conclusion that rigid austerity policies in the crisis countries of the euro area are partly responsible for a drastic deterioration in the health of citizens, particularly in Greece, Spain and Portugal.

In Greece, hospitals are apparently experiencing problems maintaining even minimum medical standards. Reports suggest that there have already been worrying outbreaks of illnesses such as malaria, West Nile fever or Dengue fever virus. This is the first time that Europe has experienced outbreaks of epidemics like malaria. Thus they are actively monitored at European level and coordination of measures, including information to the public, active surveillance and vector control measures have been promptly undertaken in the countries in which cases have been identified.

The Commission continues to monitor the situation with these diseases which so far has been under control. The study in question further notes that a general assessment of the effects of recent policy reforms on access to care and health outcomes is not yet possible. Consequently, the Commission does not have, at this stage, a comprehensive overview of overall health impacts resulting from recent fiscal reform measures. Ist der Kommission das Problem des sog. Die Kommission verfolgt ihre sektorspezifische Untersuchung weiter und achtet genau auf die Einhaltung des Wettbewerbsrechts.

After this period, other companies can produce generic forms of the preparations at a fraction of the original price. Incremental research is important as it can lead to significant improvements of existing products. Result of such research can be protected by patents provided the normal patentability requirements of novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability are met. Yet the launch of a second generation product can indeed be a scenario in which an originator company might want to make use of instruments that delay the market entry of generic products corresponding to the first generation product.

Depending on the individual circumstances of each case certain practices in this context may fall within the scope of competition law. The Commission is following up its sector inquiry and carefully ensuring compliance with competition law. Under normal circumstances, a switch to follow-up inventions or second generation products will not prevent generic companies from entering the market with generic copies of the first generation product, once the regulatory data protection period for that product has expired.

This is even the case, where the originator company will withdraw its first generation product from the market. Consequently, the originator company may have to share the particular market with generic competitors. Lo Stato italiano con la legge n. L'Ilva, secondo l'Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente, non starebbe rispettando le prescrizioni dell'AIA continuando di fatto ad inquinare e le manifestazioni dei cittadini di Taranto dei giorni scorsi confermerebbero tale circostanza.

Nel contesto dell'attuale regolamento FEG sono ammissibili solo i licenziamenti provocati dalla globalizzazione del commercio; sembra che nella fattispecie la globalizzazione non sia la causa dei licenziamenti. In the undesirable event of closure or of the need to convert the industrial site, and given that the ILVA works in Taranto is the largest steel plant in Europe, does the Commission believe it would be possible:. Under the current EGF Regulation only redundancies caused by trade related globalisation are eligible and it would seem here that globalisation is not the cause of the redundancies.

For the period of , the Commission has proposed to introduce a crisis criterion as one of the criteria for potential EGF support. Over recent decades, tax havens have mushroomed in quantity and have led to major disruptions in international financial markets, including at EU level, as recently demonstrated with the Cyprus economy. Tax evasion and avoidance are affecting the financial interests of the Union. Member States, together with the Commission, are responsible for their own protection as enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

Please provide an expected timeframe for the enforcement of these measures. Fighting against fraud is a key priority for the Council. The Council also highlighted the pilot multilateral exchange facility on which some Member States are working. The facility is designed to ensure transparency through the automatic exchange of information between administrations, with the aim of contributing to a new global standard. This new development should allow the revised Savings Directive, which would close important loopholes in the existing Savings Directive, to be adopted soon, as requested by the European Council.

However, utility model rights are not defined in the legislation of all Member States and, therefore, cannot reasonably be considered IP rights in these Member States. Could the Commission explain in detail its decision to define utility models as an IP right at EU level? Could the Commission specify exactly which rights in the specified list fall into this category? This insinuates that when the regulation on Community Plant Variety Rights was written, plant variety rights were not considered intellectual property rights by the legislator.

Could the Commission explain what specific circumstances led to this variation in its interpretation of the regulation on Community Plant Variety Rights? The other examples relate to geographical indications and trade names, which are considered to be IPR in certain Member States and can therefore be covered by the directive in these States. Plant variety rights are also included in the list.

In addition, plant variety rights protected by national systems are also included in the scope of the directive. The agreement could allow Morocco to make substantial economic gains from its occupation of Western Sahara, acting as a further disincentive to cooperate with the UN decolonisation process. The letter stated that none of the signatory organisations which represent the vast majority of Saharawi civil society organisations in Western Sahara, along with the Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria had ever been consulted on any of the previous EU-Morocco trade agreements which were, nevertheless, implemented in Western Sahara.

If the Commission does not intend to exclude the territories of Western Sahara from the DCFTA, what will be the strategy for ensuring that the Saharawi people are genuinely and transparently consulted on the Agreement? When implementing international agreements, Morocco has to comply with international law. Since the Auken report, which was adopted by an overwhelming majority of MEPs in , what measures has the Commission taken or proposed in order to address the issue of property rights in countries such as Spain?

The Commission is conscious of the difficulties faced by some European citizens as a result of the application of the Spanish Coastal Law and has taken contact with the Spanish authorities in this regard. As regards the lack of issuance of title deeds, the Commission has recently sent a letter to the Spanish authorities enquiring as to the actions engaged at national level to address the issue. With government revenues lagging behind, this over-taxation is being pursued and is escalating in the property sector. True to the tradition of portefeuille capitalism Baily , these merchants distribute their capital between safe but moderately remunerative ventures, and projects that are profitable but risky.

The entrepreneur, here, is rarely an individual, rather we see a strategy orchestrated by the family, which in its turn corresponds to the family firm. This organisation demands constant attention from the head of the family, who must listen to the ideas of. Una visita en Sud America. Oisfrute de una estadfa en el Hotel La Silla, el mejor hotel de Sud America con su tan unica atmosfera extraterrestre!

Los espera su calificado personal de experimentados hoteleros, jefes de cocina, etc. Naturalmente nuestro espacioso restaurant de tres estrellas ofrece un completo surtido de exquisitas comidas y deliciosos tragos conocedores usualmente eligen "Oelicia Orion" 0 "Centauro Especial". EI servicio cempleto durante 24 horas incluye nuestra ya mundialmente famosa "Cena de medianoche para los miradores de estrellas", por eso - no olvide: Des groupes d'agriculteurs testent techniques, pratiques ou organisations.

Communication Sud-Sud au service de la recherche sur les politiques. Internet presence of telecom researchers: Etudes de cas au Burkina Faso et en Colombie. Quelles sont les principales menaces pesant sur les agricultures du Sud? Quelles sont les propositions de la recherche agronomique. At a time of controversies about global warming, agro-fuels production is often presented as a future solution for automotive fuels and as a new way of development for southern countries. However, in Asia, South America and Africa, it very often takes the form of huge mono-culture areas of sugar cane, palm oil and soy bean in the hands of multinational companies of the agriculture and food industry.

The consequences of these land, social and environmental impacts in Southern countries is an increase of disequilibria and a threat for the diet of local populations by changing the appropriation of lands. Deforestation, private monopolization of lands, concentration of profits, soils and water pollution, biodiversity impoverishment, exploitation of vulnerable manpower, populations migration, violation of human rights are today the consequences of mass production of agro-fuels in Southern countries. To what conditions a fair re-appropriation and a sustainable development of agro-fuels production and consumption is foreseeable?

The solutions require a re-shaping of economical and agricultural politics. The book gathers testimonies and analyses from specialists who have evaluated locally the consequences of these energy choices. L'intensification de la riziculture et de Comparative spatial dynamics of Japanese encephalitis and acute encephalitis syndrome in Nepal. Models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup are discussed, as well as a fundamental test of quantum mechanics that is possible with the system. Femmes, musulmanes, libanaises du Sud: Downstream water quality and flooding issues necessitated a holistic approach to drainage planning and the site has become a European showcase for the application of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems SUDS.

However, there is minimal data available regarding the real costs of operating and maintaining SUDS to ensure they continue to perform as per their design function. This remains one of the primary barriers to the uptake and adoption of SUDS. This paper reports on what is understood to be the only study in the UK where actual costs of constructing and maintaining SUDS have been compared to an equivalent traditional drainage solution.

To compare SUDS costs with traditional drainage, capital and maintenance costs of underground storage chambers of analogous storage volumes were estimated. A whole life costing methodology was then applied to data gathered. The main objective was to produce a reliable and robust cost comparison between SUDS and traditional drainage. The cost analysis is supportive of SUDS and indicates that well designed and maintained SUDS are more cost effective to construct, and cost less to maintain than traditional drainage solutions which are unable to meet the environmental requirements of current legislation.

Asie du Sud -Est: Work and its management represent an adaptation opportunity for farms characterized by scarce land and capital resources. The study showed that small-scale farms less than 1 ha are generally specializing in cattle rearing, with an important share of endogenous work being dedicated to this activity. By contrast, farms with more land and capital tend to diversify their crops, resulting in an increased use of off farm staff, while at the same time maintaining livestock activity. The technical and economic performance of both groups almost 1 ton of milk per cow per year supplied to collection centers by each group, but with a daily gross income per family member varying from 4.

This suggests that additional studies need to be dedicated to farm work and its annual organization in order to gain a better understanding of the ongoing dynamics within farming systems. Haute- Garonne and a bibliographical study about chassean sepultures in southern France permit to present social aspects of the chassean communities in this area. Some sepultures present an architecture or else furnitures which illustre the presence of powerful people in the populations of first farmers in the end of the 5 the millenium and in the beginning of the 4 the millenium B.

Full Text Available Understanding how the public perceive and value ponds is fundamental to appreciate the synergy between Sustainable urban Drainage SUDS ponds and the multiple benefits they provide. This paper investigates this, through the application of a structured postal and online survey, for a case study area of Edinburgh, in the UK.

It compares man-made ponds including SUDS , and ponds with natural origins. This paper highlights the importance of monetising the multiple benefits from ponds.

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L'urbanisation sur le plateau d'allada au sud -Benin, agent des Due South special research ; Plein sud special recherche This document gives a general overview of the research works carried out in the different laboratories belonging to Paris Sud University which cover a wide range of disciplines like pharmacy Chatenay-Malabry univ. One article deals with the BaBar collaboration and the first results obtained on CP violation at the linear accelerator laboratory of Orsay.

Read more about Institutional Support: Economic Policy Research Centre. Read more about Relations entre les think tanks Read more about Equinet: Reclaiming the Resources for Health - Phase V. Read more about Remittances to Conflict Zones: Transmission of Neglect in Substance Abuse Families: Paternal and maternal models of transmission of child neglect were tested separately in offspring of men with a substance use disorder SUD.

Child dysregulation was independently related to neglect severity. SUD in the mother directly correlated with severity of neglectful parenting. Contains 51 references and 2 tables. Central Au on Au collisions. France ; Basrak, Z. In nucleus-nucleus collisions the initial relative kinetic energy of target and projectile is available for internal excitation of the interacting system; it is however still not well established to what extent local equilibrium and thermalisation occur. Local equilibrium is of interest to derive, within the formalism of transport equations and of the equation of state, EOS , general properties of compressed and excited nuclear matter.

Such approach describes in relatively simple terms the complex many body interactions occuring within extended baryonic and hadronic or quark matter. For a basic microscopic understanding it is highly desirable to investigate the elementary in-medium interactions in relation to the free elementary processes. Excitation function measurements of central collisions between the heaviest available nuclei like Au on Au , supply the best ground for such studies: The consideration presented here of energy thermalisation and of an expanding system clusterizing at freeze-out in a situation close to the liquid gas phase transition can be of interest to astrophysics as well as to the quark gluon plasma deconfinement studied in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the higher energy regime of CERN and Brookhaven.

Le cas de l'Afrique du Sud. Otjompaue Sud , Onduno y Hochfelds. Research aspects in the Paris- Sud University, in Some of the research works developed in the Paris- Sud University, in , are reported. In this second volume, the following research papers are presented: SuDS for managing surface water in Diepsloot informal settlement SuDS , action research, water quality, informal settlements, Diepsloot Soutenir des politiques d'alimentation plus saine en Asie du Sud -Est Soutenir des politiques d'alimentation plus saine en Asie du Sud -Est.

SuDS and human behaviour: Co-developing solutions to encourage sustainable behaviour. However, this paper argues that the sustainability of SuDS should not be so simply presumed. Devices will depend upon correct behaviour from those local to them in order to function properly over time, and for Green Infrastructure SuDS to flourish and deliver their promised multiple benefits. This paper looks to the potential value in using Social Practice Theory as a lens for understanding current behaviours around SuDS devices, and for assessing possible strategies for encouraging positive behaviour amongst affected communities.

L’interférence parentalité-travail chez les cherc… – Sociologie et sociétés – Érudit

It concludes in arguing that involving local people as much as possible in the co-design of systems and then working to maintain involvement and awareness will be the most cost-effective means by which SuDS might be made to live up to the sustainability they are celebrated for. Therefore, it has been speculated that it may be involved in the extreme pathogenicity of SARS-CoV, compared to other coronaviruses, most of which cause only mild infections in humans. In order to help elucidate the function of the SUD , we have determined crystal structures of fragment " SUD core" of Nsp3, which comprises of the residues of the domain.

Both the monoclinic and triclinic crystal forms 2. However, in contrast to the latter, SUD fails to bind ADP-ribose, as determined by zone-interference gel electrophoresis. Instead, the entire SUD core as well as its individual subdomains interact with oligonucleotides known to form G-quadruplexes. This includes oligodeoxy- as well as oligoribonucleotides. Mutations of selected lysine residues on the surface of the SUD -N subdomain lead to reduction of G-quadruplex binding, whereas mutations in the SUD -M subdomain abolish it.

A focal point of the study is how au pairs Since , thousands of young Filipino migrants have come to Denmark as au pairs. Read more about La transformation Sustainable drainage systems SuDS imitate natural water management processes in catchments that have been degraded due to urbanisation. The aim is to reduce the quantity of stormwater runoff and improve water quality. Management of rainwater in the informal settlement of Diepsloot in Johannesburg is Individuals living with posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD and addiction experience a complex and dynamic interaction of symptoms from both diagnoses.

However, heretofore, each diagnosis has been approached as if it were a separate treatment consideration. Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjana- haribe- Sud and Site-based conservation is widely recognized as a fundamental re- quirement for the maintenance of biodiversity. We carried out a rapid biological assessment from 17 March to 14 May in the southwestern part of the provisionally protected rainforest corri- dor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe- Sud and La permanencia del sentido de los aportes sedimentarios implica la existencia de una paleopendiente regional inclinada hacia el norte.

Les plus importants sont, du sud -est au nord-ouest: To cite this article: Full Text Available Although Sustainable Drainage Systems SuDS are used in cities across the world as effective flood adaptation responses, their economic viability has frequently been questioned. Inclusion of the monetary value of ecosystem services ES provided by SuDS can increase the rate of return on investments made.

Hence, this paper aims at reviewing the enhancement of the economic value of large-scale investments in SuDS through inclusion of ecosystem services. This study focuses on the flood reduction capacity and the ES benefits of green roofs and rain barrels in the combined sewerage network of Montevideo Municipality in Uruguay. The methodology comprises a cost—benefit analysis—with and without monetised ES provided by SuDS—of two drainage network configurations comprising: The optimal drainage design for both these drainage configurations have been determined using SWMM-EA, a tool which uses multi-objective optimisation based evolutionary algorithm EA and the storm water management model SWMM.

In both design configurations, total benefits comprising both flood reduction and ES benefits are always higher than their costs. The use of storage along with SuDS provides greater benefits with a larger reduction in flooding, and thus is more cost-effective than using SuDS alone. The results show that, for both of the drainage configurations, the larger investments are not beneficial unless ES benefits are taken into account. Hence, it can be concluded that the inclusion of ES benefits is necessary to justify large-scale investments in SuDS. Dock Sud 's environmental pollution: Spatial representations, space representation and spatial practices in peripheral neighborhoods.

Full Text Available In this article, we present some of the results and argumentative lines used in the analysis of the field work carried out in the neighborhoods of Porst, Danubio and Villa Inflamable, in the Dock Sud area, located in the district of Avellaneda, province de Buenos Aires, during and Within this framework, we observed and recorded the inhabitants' usual routes around the neighborhood, which is environmentally polluted but which has also been symbolically appropriated.

Along these lines then, our general aim was to learn about social representations, representation spaces and the spatial practices of the inhabitants of the most affected neighborhoods of Dock Sud due to the area's environmental issues. To this end, there was a reconstruction of the subjects' practices in the neighborhood, of the hegemonic discourse about the pollution in this place and, finally, the population's conflict and struggle practices. La lutte antitabac en Afrique du Sud: Use of geological mapping tools to improve the hydraulic performance of SuDS. Most cities in Denmark are situated on low permeable clay rich deposits.

These sediments are of glacial origin and range among the most heterogeneous, with hydraulic conductivities spanning several orders of magnitude. This heterogeneity has obvious consequences for the sizing of sustainable urban drainage systems SuDS. We have tested methods to reveal geological heterogeneity at field scale to identify the most suitable sites for the placement of infiltration elements and to minimize their required size.

We assessed the geological heterogeneity of a clay till plain in Eastern Jutland, Denmark measuring the shallow subsurface resistivity with a geoelectrical multi-electrode system. To confirm the resistivity data we conducted a spear auger mapping. The exposed sediments ranged from clay tills over sandy clay tills to sandy tills and correspond well to the geoelectrical data. To verify the value of geological information for placement of infiltration elements we carried out a number of infiltration tests on geologically different areas across the field, and we observed infiltration rates two times higher in the sandy till area than in the clay till area, thus demonstrating that the hydraulic performance of SuDS can be increased considerably and oversizing avoided if field geological heterogeneity is revealed before placing SuDS.

Prehistoric people choose shelters and rockproper to decorate following various natural criteria: Nevertheless, there is no rock or shelter exactly similar to the others and water circulation can take various forms which we present in this paper. Catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles. Au is usually viewed as an inert metal, but surprisingly it has been found that Au nanoparticles less than 3—5 nm in diameter are catalytically active for several chemical reactions.

We discuss the origin of this effect, focusing on the way in which the chemical activity of Au may change with par We discuss the origin of this effect, focusing on the way in which the chemical activity of Au may change We find that the fraction of low-coordinated Au atoms scales approximately with the catalytic activity, suggesting that atoms on the corners and edges of Au nanoparticles are the active sites. This effect is explained using density functional calculations The magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Fe- Au alloys also exhibited Curie-Weiss behavior with a reasonable value for the effective number of Bohr magneton.

Relegation to the villageArguments demonstrating the individualisation of western societies, or the exclusion of those who stay on the margins of a vast middle class homogeneous life style, have no doubt allowed the move away from the rigid interpretations inherited from Marxism. However, these arguments resist today in spite of the facts and they are even keenly contradicted by the renewal of stratification studies on social inequalities. Analyzing the working population of an industrial village in Bourgogne during the.

Fil d'Ariane

By examining large family firms estahlished in Lyons at the end of the nineteenth-century, we study the role played by each of the first three generations in the development of these companies, which were essential to the local and national economies. Contrary to the pattern that assumes that the first generation creates a firm, the second develops it, and the third brings if to ruine, we argue that the success and longevity of these firms depended on the fact that those first three links vere complementary.

The founding generation combined inventiveness with economic intuition but lacked a technical basis. Its conquest is strategic for different groups English-speaking, Afrikaners, Zulus, Xhosas etc. Opposed types of coastal valorisation and various stakeholders open the way to hard conflicts. Different phases of this seafront conquest, with particular reference to the current post-apartheid connection to globalisation dynamics, are enlightened by examples linking history, stakeholders and various coastal development options.

Energy recovery in SUDS towards smart water grids: The development of a methodology for urban flood adaptation and energy recovery solutions is resting on the concept of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems SUDS as a measure to reduce risks of urban flooding while fully utilizing the available resources.

The consideration of urban flooding as a problem caused by excess water that can be harvested and re-used is expected to provide a comprehensive representation of a water-energy nexus for future urban areas. The study comprises an optimization of energy recovery in SUDS of a small district area of Lisbon down-town through the use of a low-head hydropower converter. The status-quo solution based on a basin catchment for the average expected runoff is analysed, with influence of the tidal backwater effect of the Atlantic Ocean which causes difficulties to the drainage of excess flow.

The methodology used to reach the flow damping and the optimized solution for energy production is presented. El enfoque entonces p Trouver la bonne distance: Full Text Available Trouver la bonne distance: Finding the right distance: The topic of this article is my relation to the South Korean society, not only as a social anthropologist but also as a Korean adoptee.

I relate the way I had to manage contrasted relations while conducting fieldwork. On one hand, I endeavoured to get closer to my informants in order to conduct classic fieldwork in an unknown society, to understand a different culture. Antibacterial Au nanostructured surfaces. We present here a technological platform for engineering Au nanotopographies by templated electrodeposition on antibacterial surfaces. Three different types of nanostructures were fabricated: The nanopillars are the basic structures and are 50 nm in diameter and nm in height.

Particular arrangement of the nanopillars in various geometries formed nanorings and nanonuggets. Flat surfaces, rough substrate surfaces, and various nanostructured surfaces were compared for their abilities to attach and kill bacterial cells. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterial strain responsible for many infections in health care system, was used as the model bacterial strain. It was found that all the Au nanostructures, regardless their shapes, exhibited similar excellent antibacterial properties.

A comparison of live cells attached to nanotopographic surfaces showed that the number of live S. It was found that all. Au pairs on Facebook. Ethnographers are increasingly making use of Facebook to acquire access and general acquaintance with their field of study. However, little has been written on how Facebook is used methodologically in research that does not have social media sites as the main focus of interest. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between and in Denmark, the Philippines Many commercial nuclear facilities of the first generation will be taken out of operation in the near future.

As of January , total 19 prototype and commercial nuclear reactors have been decommissioned or are under dismantling in Germany. Most of decommissioning projects were successfully performed and a great deal of experience has been accumulated. Selecting a decommissioning strategy is a very important step at the beginning of the decision making process.

According to IAEA requirements immediate dismantling is chosen as a preferred option in many countries today. It is associated with less uncertainty, positive political and social effect, and it can make use of existing operational experience and know-how. The availability of funds and final repository is of high importance for a decommissioning strategy selection. The time frame for the dismantling of nuclear facilities depends on the type, size and complexity of the individual project.

TUV SUD , which is supervising most of nuclear power plants in Germany, has accumulated lots of experience by taking parts in decommissioning projects. It direct dismantling is chosen, actual light water reactor in Germany decommissioned to green field in approx. This provides an overview of decommissioning projects of nuclear facilities in Europe, including a detail illustration of the German situation.

Finally, some recommendations are suggested for the first decommissioning project based on the lessons and experiences derived from many decommissioning works in Europe. By the dawn of the Christian era, Southern Arabia is undergoing major changes; among these, the expansion of maritime trade at the expense of the old caravan route. This change is often described as something sudden, leading to a more perennial situation the ensuing centuries. We have chosen to take a new look at this case by first gathering all the epigraphic and historic data having to do with pre-Islamic ports in the Red Sea and the Aden Gulf, from when they were first founded 'till the 7th century.

This global outline then has then allowed us to describe the. Read more about Envois de fonds vers les zones de conflit - le cas de la diaspora soudanaise au Caire - phase II. The Strengths and Weaknesses of a Compromise. Cluster-to-cluster transformation among Au 6, Au 8 and Au 11 nanoclusters. The conversion process follows a rule that states that the transformation of a small cluster to a large cluster is achieved through an oxidation process with an oxidizing agent H2O2 or with heating, while the conversion of a large cluster to a small one occurs through a reduction process with a reducing agent NaBH4.

This work may provide an alternative approach to the synthesis of novel gold nanoclusters and a further understanding of the structural transformation relationship of gold nanoclusters. The results are presented as a function of the collision centrality and the center of mass energy. They are compared to the predictions of different parton scattering models and the important role of Le sex-ratio est de 1,9.

Monotheism in pre-Islamic South Arabia. South Arabia abandoned polytheistic cults and adopted monotheism at the end of the 4th century AD, after which time monotheistic inscriptions become more common. Unresolved emergency of the Southern hemisphere; Acqua. Istanza irrisolta del Sud del mondo. Among the serious dramas in the Southern hemisphere, the most serious relates to health, and the most serious health problem is dysentery among the rural population, caused by the lack of unpolluted water. Bad management frustrates much of the aid sent to this part of the world, including projects to help the water crisis.

In view of the success, it would appear that a concrete solution could be found within a decade, at a cost that can easily be sustained by the rich world, so long as funds are managed honestly. Much more ambitious and, at least for the moment, beyond all concrete possibility, is the project to provide a barrel of water per head to each person in the southern hemisphere. Providing unpolluted water and facilitating farming development through minor irrigation and family cattle-raising schemes is an idea that appears entirely Utopian.

The conclusion provides a critical analysis of the major hydraulic works essential for true development, but effective only if the human environment is ready to receive them, whereas minor works are useful in any case - at village level - to resolve the thirst of the southern hemisphere. I molti aiuti destinati a questa parte del mondo sono stati vanificati dalla loro cattiva gestione: Da alcuni interventi ad esito positivo si puo' pervenire ad una soluzione concreta nel giro di un decennio.

Molto piu' ambizioso ed -almeno per ora- fuori da ogni ipotesi concreta e' quello di rifornire di un barile di acqua pro capite ogni individuo del Sud del Mondo: This paper aims at recognizing and understanding the various agro-systems of the ancient South Arabia. Archaeobotanical data are confronted with studies concerning pre-Islamic landscapes and agricultural techniques. It appears that, during the Bronze Age and the South Arabian period, new cultivars, coming from the Near-East, Africa and India, have regularly reached the region. Because of their own specificities and of the new associations they permitted, these plants have allowed Man to enrich agro-systems and to be more flexible in order to cope with climatic and environmental changes.

Vers le Sud by Laurent Cantet. His drama deals with female sex tourism, political and social violence, power and money in such a way that people are tempted to judge the protagonists: In fact the images in the film organize characters in a certain kind of dualism which leads easily to these argumentations. But having a look at the cultural values that produce the disgust, we see that they are all open to question. All of which have contributed to a situation of social despair that is now fertile grounds for separatist or federalist claims. Factors affecting the hydraulic performance of infiltration based SUDS in clay.

The influence of small scale soil heterogeneity on the hydraulic performance of infiltration based SUDS was studied using field data from a clayey glacial till and groundwater simulations with the integrated surface water and groundwater model HydroGeoSphere. Simulations of homogeneous soil blocks The inclusion of heterogeneities dramatically increased infiltration volume by a factor of 22 for a soil with structural changes above and below the CaC Comparison of HydroGeoSphere infiltration hydrographs with a simple soakaway model Roldin et al.

AMD-V consider anti-symmetry of incident nucleus, target nucleus and fragments, furthermore, it treat the quantum effect to exist many channels in the intermediate and final state. In particular, they present results on the mean transverse momentum of charged pions, charged kaons, protons and anti-protons and compare with experimental measurements. They discuss an approach to study early partonic collectivity in high energy nuclear collisions.

La PME et l'entreprise familiale. This seminar proposes a detailed overview of the basic management principles that are emerging when managing a SME and, more specifically, a family business. The importance of SMEs in the Belgian economy, the role of the entrepreneur as an indiividual, the role of the family within the firm and key problems emerging in the day-to-day management of the firm are successively discussed.

Cadre de la recherche: Minima requis pour faire acte de candidature: Their scaling properties as a function of incident energy and atomic number Z are used to distinguish and characterize the emissions in i peripheral collisions at the projectile and target rapidities, and in ii central and iii peripheral collisions near mid-rapidity. The importance of dynamical effects is evident in all three cases and their origin is discussed. The study of flow can provide information on the initial state dynamics and the degree of equilibration attained in heavy-ion collisions. The systematic dependence of flow on pseudorapidity, transverse momentum, centrality and energy is discussed.

Constipation is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain and emergency department ED presentation. Despite the high prevalence, there is a dearth of clinical information and wide practice variation in childhood constipation management in the ED. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of soap suds enema SSE in the therapy for fecal impaction in children with abdominal pain within the pediatric ED setting. The primary outcome was stool output following SSE. The present study is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED at a quaternary care children's hospital of patients seen during a month period who received an SSE for fecal impaction.

No SSE-related serious adverse events were identified. SSE is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for the acute treatment of childhood fecal impaction in the ED setting. The increasing use of infiltration-based systems for stormwater management questions the soil's ability to act as a long-term filter for runoff contaminants, and brings about operational matters regarding the most effective maintenance practices to enhance contaminant retention in SUDS.

This paper reports the vertical extent of metal and PAH contamination in the soil of seven source-control devices in operation for more than 10 years, assessed via a two-step sampling strategy to optimize the representativeness of the contamination profiles. Metal distribution was typically characterized by a significant surface buildup, followed by a decrease in concentrations with increasing depth, usually coming close to the background values.

This indicates an interesting potential for pollution interception by the upper horizons of soil, but does not necessarily prevent from downward fluxes, even while measuring low surface contents, as deeper strata may have lesser retention capacities. Specific amendments of the surface soil may help prevent this problem. Surface soil renewal - which would be necessary over 2. In this occasion, we have carried out experiments with alpha sources and with a 11 MeV 7Li beam. Moreover, a threshold of keV can be easily achieved with no cooling.

Le Terme a sud del Pretorio di Gortina. Produzione e circolazione dei contenitori da trasporto. Full Text Available Income transfer programmes are common in various countries and play an important role in combating poverty. Over the last seven years many evaluations of the programme have been conducted, allowing an overview of its results and its strong and weak points to be mapped. Five central aspects relating to the programme are discussed in article five: The results of scientific research were presented for each of these aspects, and any of these believed to be convergent or divergent were discussed.

As a general result it was concluded that the programme has generated significant results for the country, but there are still some issues that need to be reviewed, such as conditioning factors and the integrated management of the programme. Increased soil erosion, reduced water-storage capacity, changes in microclimates, and loss of nutrients have led to a decline in the productivity of marginal lands and the impoverishment of local communities.

Read more about Deforestation in Viet Nam. Cette subvention permettra au Lien Centre for Social Innovation de la Singapore Management University d'explorer le contexte caritatif dans quatre pays de IDRC is investing in local solutions to address climate change-related challenges in India, including heat stress, water management, and climate-related migration. Read more about Changement climatique: Ouganda - phase IV. Read more about Adaptation aux changements climatiques en ce qui concerne l'agriculture et les ressources en eau dans la Corne de l'Afrique.

Read more about Envois de fonds vers les zones de conflit - le cas de la diaspora soudanaise au Caire. In Benin, extreme climate variability has threatened the food security of rural populations, with agricultural yields Rapport sur la main-d'oeuvre et l'emploi en Asie du Sud - favoriser The country's booming garment industry has created urban employment for Metastable domains of fluctuating topological charges can change the chirality of quarks and induce local parity violation in quantum chromodynamics. This can lead to observable charge separation along the direction of the strong magnetic field produced by spectator protons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a phenomenon called the chiral magnetic effect CME.

In heavy-ion collisions, the magnetic field direction and event plane angle are correlated, thus the CME and the v2-induced background are entangled. In this report, we present two studies from STAR to shed further lights on the background issue. Signal is consistent with zero within uncertainties at high minv. Signal at low minv, extracted from a two-component model assuming smooth mass dependence, is consistent with zero within uncertainties. Filipino au pairs on the move. Most Filipina au pairs in Denmark send remittances back home, and for many, au pairing forms part of longer-term migration trajectories.

This article explores how Filipina au pairs try to carve out a future for themselves abroad. It shows that they navigate within tight webs of financial interdep It shows that they navigate within tight webs of financial The wavelengths obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data available. The relationship between the level lifetimes and the level widths satisfies the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Full Text Available The present article illustrates several aspects of the archaeological research on mediaeval construction in south-eastern France 11thth cent.

Pire encore, les membres de la classe dirigeante utilisent les symboles et les rituels religieux pour renforcer leur domination. Efforts to improve the crop are hampered by a shortage of knowledge. The object of this study is to fill up a part of this gap. Gravel extraction activities in Southern Benin are carried out without formal license from the state authorities.

The majority of sites are rented from landowners and located near other forms of land use including human settlements. This study aims at assessing the perception by the residents of these gravel extraction operations. The results show the social services and damages of this industry. An ordinal logit regression revealed significant influences of the respondents' ethnic group, occupation, education level, marital status and age on the perception of road infrastructure, dust pollution, loss of agricultural land and school drop-out.

Therefore, it is important that the local authorities undertake mitigation actions in particular in order to prevent road dust occurrence and to restore abandoned sites so that these sites are again available for agriculture. Eighteen historical surveys and 44 farm surveys were carried out. We distinguished four main stages in the evolution of the farming system in the region.

Pioneer farming based on burning, with fallow land lasting more than 20 years. When access to land starts to decrease, and oil palm Elaeis guineensis starts being the main source of revenue, the system becomes fallow-land with oil palm based. Such a system necessitates an available surface at least three times larger than the cultivated area. Due to lack of available land, the third system is based on pruning and burning of oil palm fallow lands with alternative cultivation and fallow land every three years.

Finally, after cultivated land becomes really short, rural depopulation, sale of labour force, and work intensification per unit of surface and of capital areobserved. In the actual farming system, we distinguished 5 different categories of farms. The ""survival threshold"" the minimal amount of resources needed, estimated for a family with two adults and three children, is F CFA 79, per working adult and per year, of which F CFA 47, in cash to buy everything that cannot be produced on farm. The first category is a food-producing system on short time fallow-land with palm trees.

The second category is a food-producing system on short time fallow-land with palm trees and cash crops. The annual agricultural revenue per working adult varies from F CFA , to 1,, In the third category, cash crops are dominant mainly cotton but the farms are in difficult financial conditions. The surfaces in this system vary between 1. The fourth category gathers farms with larger surfaces 1.

The system is based on the cultivation of cotton, with a better organisation than in the previous one, and food crops. The cultivation of teak is also widely spread in this system, which generates an agricultural revenue per working adult of F CFA , to , per year. The last category of farms surfaces up to 6 ha is based on food crops on long-time fallow lands with palm trees, high value cash crops and teak.

The cash revenue is often more than half of the total agricultural revenue, which can reach up to F CFA 2,, in this category. The farms in the first and third categories are not viable on the long term. With inputs in training of the farmers and micro financing, these systems could evolve towards the second type of farms. In addition, the management in farms of the second, fourth and fifth categories could be improved through access to training and a better use of land.

Full Text Available This article aims at analyzing the paths of the North and the South, in the context of the critical situation. We will conduct a case study through the means of an emblematic figure of the political scene in Central Africa: His Excellency Paul Biya. We will put forward his powerful speech delivered on December the 17th in Copenhagen at the World Summit on Climate Change.

The President of the Republic of Cameroon distinctively made heard the voice of the black continent in the international forum at a global level. The commitment of the speaker is revealed especially in speech acts; the utterance system chosen by the speaker is rich and varied: Full Text Available Over the past few years researchers in maritime history have shown a marked interest in port microsites and the modes of local coastal navigation. The present article is a contribution to this field: This computer-assisted case study bears on relatively neglected sources the archives of the service of military supplies.

It sheds some light on the living conditions of a garrison in the early modern age, assesses island-supplying problems and tackles the procedures used to remedy them. It has obtained this status in thanks to its ecosystem, its unique forest in the world and its numerous cultural Amazigh Berber activities.

The ABR has a strong natural, human and cultural potential as far as tourism is concerned. Nowadays, it is essential to establish a tourism eco-territory in this region. This requires, first of all, a perfect knowledge of the territory and its issues and the implementation of an integrated and coordinated approach with all the local stakeholders. The implementation of a comprehensive and participatory strategy will integrate the protection and development of the natural and socio-cultural heritage, the improvement of the quality of tourism structures, the global promotion of the territory and its tourism products as well as a self-assessment of every action in the ABR.

The actual study assessed the willingness to pay for biopesticides by vegetables producers in coastal Togo as more sustainable alternatives than chemical pesticides. The Tobit model revealed that among factors affecting vegetables producers' decision making process, information and the farm size play a crucial role. Given the low level of the premium that vegetables producers are willing to pay and the current characteristics of the farm, the introduction of biopesticides within their cropping system, could lead to mitigated success in the absence of an appropriate incentive framework.

A study on sylvicultural and cultural practices in the parklands was conducted in three village territories of Maradi region following a rainfall gradient. Surveys conducted with farmers coupled with sylvicultural data collection are used as the methodological tools. It is practiced by imitating relatives and neighbors or initiated by development projects or extension services.

The reasons that guided farmers to care and protect trees are wood provision to households, soil fertilization, fodder, and pharmacopeia and erosion control. Plant diversity is more important in Moulmouchi than Batchaka and Koda. Also, species with high agronomic, economic and food values are preferred by farmers. The different sylvicultural operations carried out in the village territories indicate that farmers pay attention to the protection and management of trees in their farms.

Some species like Acacia senegal, Azadirachta indica and Adansonia digitata inventoried in the farms have been planted and conserved with others from natural regeneration. Sylvicultural and cultural operations used by farmers for tree management in the fields are many and diverse. The more used operations are improved clearing, pruning and by staking plant.

Nevertheless, farmers use some practices which do not favour the preservation of trees in the farms. Some of them are abusive cutting, groundnut growing, bark removal, use of animals for plowing and illegal cutting of trees by transhumant herders. Pharmacopeia, construction and energy, fodder, human food are the principal uses of tree species in this region.

The most harvested tree organs are wood, leaves, fruits and barks. Benefits derived from trees are what make farmers to manage and protect trees in their farms without external intervention. La course au logement social. Full Text Available Vengono descritte e illustrate due nuove specie sintopiche di Typhloreicheia della Sardegna sud -orientale: Lamella copulatrice costituita da una lamina allungata con apice arrotondato, con la porzione dorsale nettamente sclerificata in forma di artiglio.

La spettacolare radiazione adattativa del genere Typhloreicheia in Sardegna, recentemente proposta e discussa da uno degli autori del presente contributo A. Read more about Crise du virus Ebola: New research into HIV Read more about Planification de The basic information about the reaction dynamics comes from the hadronic distribution.

The proton rapidity distribution shows significantly increased stopping compared to lighter systems, implying the formation of a state of high baryon density. Unlike reactions at this energy induced by lighter heavy ions, at low m t - m 0 the proton invariant spectra deviate from a single exponential shape and become fear,. The inverse slope parameter increases faster for particles of larger mass as the number of participants in the reaction increases, an indication of increased effect of radial expansion in central collision.

Anti-proton Needs have been measured recently, and unfortunately a comparison among current results from different experiments indicates discrepancy. Nuclear spin of Au and hyperfine structure of Au. The spin of Au indicates a deformed nuclear shape in the ground state. Le 1er apprenti arriva au CERN en The atomic structures and the corresponding physicochemical properties of peptide coated Au nanoclusters determine their distinctive biological targeting applications.

To learn the modulation of amino acid ligand on the atomic structure and electronic characteristics of coated Au core is the fundamental knowledge for peptide coated Au nanocluster design and construction. Based on our recent coated Au nanocluster configuration study Nanoscale, , 8, , we built the typically simplified Au 13 Cys- Au -Cys system to more clearly learn the basic modulation information of amino acid ligand on Au core by the density functional theory DFT calculations.

There are two isomers as ligand adjacent bonding Iso1 and diagonal bonding Iso2 to Au 13 cores. The geometry optimizations indicate the adjacent bonding Iso1 is more stable than Iso2. More important, the Au 13 core of Iso1 distorts much more significantly than that of Iso2 by Cys- Au -Cys bonding through the root-mean-square deviation RMSD analysis, which modulate their electronic characteristics in different ways.

In addition, the frontier molecular orbital results of Au 13 Cys- Au -Cys isomers confirm that the Au cores mainly determine the blue shifts of Au 13 Cys- Au -Cys systems versus the original Au 13 core in their UV-visible absorption spectrum studies. The configuration of Au 13 core performs deformation under Cys- Au -Cys ligand modulation to reach new stability with distinct atomic structure and electronic properties, which could be the theory basis for peptide coated Au NCs design and construction.

Colloidal metal nanocrystals with strong, stable, and tunable localized surface plasmon resonances SPRs can be useful in a corrosive environment for many applications including field-enhanced spectroscopies, plasmon-mediated catalysis, etc. Here, a new synthetic strategy is reported that enables the epitaxial growth of a homogeneously alloyed Au Ag shell on Au nanorod seeds, circumventing the phase segregation of Au and Ag encountered in conventional synthesis.

The resulting core—shell structured bimetallic nanorods AuNR Au Ag have well-mixed Au and Ag atoms in their shell without discernible domains. This degree of mixing allows AuNR Au Ag to combine the high stability of Au with the superior plasmonic activity of Ag, thus outperforming seemingly similar nanostructures with monometallic shells e. When incubated with a H2O2 solution 0. The synthetic strategy is versatile to fabricate Au Ag alloyed shells on different shaped Au , with prospects for new possibilities in the synthesis and application of plasmonic nanocrystals.

Full Text Available Pluvial flooding already challenges the capacity of drainage and sewerage system in urban areas in Scandinavia. For system owners this requires a stricter prioritization when improving the systems. Experts seem to agree that a regime shift from improving old combined sewers by piped solutions to more sustainable drainage systems SuDS , must take place. In this paper results from an investigation amongst the largest cities in Norway, Denmark and Sweden concerning drivers and preferred methods for improving the old system are presented.

The results indicate that Norway ranks flood prevention lower than the other Scandinavian countries. During the last decades, Norwegian authorities have had a strong focus on pollution from wastewater treatment plants WWTP. The attention to drainage and sewerage system regarding flooding, water leaks, infiltration or pollution has been neglected.

Renewal or rate of investment in relation to existing drainage and sewerage system is easy to register, and provides a measure of the activity. In order to optimize flood prevention, and may be promoting the use of SuDS , the cities should be required to measure the efficiency, either by monitoring or modeling the impact of stormwater to the system.

Lack of such requirements from Norwegian authorities seem to be a plausible explanation to why Norwegian cities are less focused on flood prevention compared to Swedish and Danish cities. Making Space for Water: Expansion of the city of Newcastle included a new development of over houses and an associated commercial area on agricultural land. The development firmly signed up to the notion that the new estate should adhere to full SUDs design and implementation.

In essence there should be no loss of floodplain capacity, the total runoff from the new housing should not increase flood risk downstream and benefits to ecology, recreation and amenity should be fully maximised. Credit must be given to Newcastle City Council, the Environment Agency, the local water company and the developers themselves as a full set of large scale SUDs now exist and they are clearly an asset to the city.

However, such a large scale landscape engineering endeavour has not been without direct and indirect problems. This paper reviews some of the experiences, problems and lessons learnt from SUDs implementation, the function of SUDs during flood events and the perception of SUDs by the public. During the life of the project several older estates close to the new development suffered from two major flood events; including foul water inundation, the drowning out of sewer overflows and intense flash flooding.

These floods at first gave rise to the public perception that the new development had caused the flooding. During a research project entitled 'making space for water', the instrumentation of the river in the area and the SUDs took place. The hydrological data this produced has given rise to a mixture of positive and negative aspects of SUDs implementation.