The Travelogue of Tommy Typical: Woodpecker Logic for the Tempest-tossed Soul

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Skin care Face Body. Of Typical Items found. Low to High Price: Typical Pictures of Indian Natives: Life on a Mediaeval Barony: The Christmas tree is 1. The Story of the Slits City Residential Land Development: But August 6, , was also the day Hiroshima was bombed. Part 4 begins with an analepsis to that day, with Tyrone Slothrop on a mountaintop in central Germany, where he "becomes a cross himself, a crossroads" V After scattered references to the A-bomb, and narrative inferences of how bomb and rocket are technologies soon to be joined, part 4 ends, nominally, on September 14, , on the Feast of the Exaltation or "Raising" of the Holy Cross, whose fictional counterpart is the "rocket raising" of V-2 number by Enzian and his Herero comrades.

Figurally, part 4 ends with an almost simultaneous prolepsis and analepsis. The pro- leptic jump cut takes ms to Los Angeles and the Orpheus Theater, circa The analeptic jump cut reveals, after so much anticipation, the firing of Rocket , with its sacrifice of Gottfried God's peace , from the Liineberg Heath, at noon, during Easter of But in the Easter holy day fell on April Fool's. That coincidence had occurred only forty-three times since a.

The litur- gical structure seems to focus the novel around a theme of salvation, a re- deeming earthly savior. Equally as well, the pagan coincidences suggest that the whole enterprise is a poisson d'avril, a red herring, a fool's quest. And one can find nothing in the novel to resolve this antinomy.

Everywhere in Gravity's Rainbow the parabolic arch symbolizes disease, dementia, and destruction. Its counterpart is the circular mandala, a symbol 11 of opposites held 1 in delicate equipoise.

Of Typical

In the novel drinking games and dances move in circles; the Herero villages used to be arranged mandala- like ; and in every episode are windmills, buttons, windows, eyes, Ferris wheels, roulette wheels, rocket insignia, and other cast-down indexes of the novel's grand cycling, Pynchon's lowly, preterite souls come together around such symbols. Indeed, this circular structure is introduced to readers in the opening episode, when Pirate Prentice watches the sunrise blaze through the contrail of a newly launched V-2 and imagines its parabolic trajectory transformed into a rainbow that can only be a perfect circle high over the North Sea see V6.

And the narrator reminds us of this event near the close, commenting that the rainbow is: Put another way, only gravity's rainbow is arch-shaped; the shape of Grav- ity's Rainbow is circular. The literary precursors of this design, at least those that come most di- rectly to mind, are Joyce's Ulysses and Melville's great satire, The Confi- dence Man. Both involve cyclical plots unfolding over exactly three-fourths of a solar day.

Gravity's Rain bow unfolds over 9 months,' three-fourths of a solar year. As in The Confidence Man, this one detail hopelessly equivocates any theme of salvation. Thomas Pynchon ends his great satire on that wholly ambiguous crux. The ninth month of his narrative draws to a close with swarms of characters chasing various red herrings and arriving "too late" at the Holy Center V Like the "Holy- Center- Approaching" V Yet the book refuses to dish up that totalizing signifier.

It approaches, but avoids, closure. It combines the elegance of a preordained structure and the unintelligibility of pure coincidence.. Does it see history as plotted or accidental? Is the rocket descending on the last page a symbol of divinely prefigured salvation or the triumph of an absolute violence? Gravity's Rain- bow will not say, and neither can the notes in this book.

They are offered to fuel that process of transformation which is reading. There are also a number of carefully orchestrated analepses: Braiding these separate strands of narrative together is a strong jtheme of anticipated redemption. Characters feel poised at the edge of some sought j after revelation from "Beyond the Zero" of em- pirical knowledge. The Advent season suggests one form that expectation might assume— jnj the Nativity story. Indeed, Pynchon's satire quickly erases the boundary between sacred and secular.

Numerological correspondences also shape part 1. There are twenty-one episodes in part 1; the Tarot deck has twenty-one numbered cards, if one omits another— the Fool— which is a zero or null card with no assigned place in the Tarot sequence. And this part begins a sequence of astrological correspondences. Events in these episodes unfold beneath the sign of Pisces. In part 1 Pisces becomes a sign of endings and anticipations, just as in part 2 Aries will emerge as a' sign of renewals and departures. X Episodes 1 through 5 all occur on the same day, which subsequent allii- 1 6 Bey on d the Zero sions pinpoint as Monday, December 18, With the millennial motif thus established in a nightmare vision, Pirate awakens to the fall of a comrade, whom he manages to save, and to the impending fall of a V-2 rocket, just launched from Holland, against which he is powerless.

Watching the morning sun illuminate its vapor trail over the North Sea, Pirate imagines the light refracting into a rainbow that could only be, not a parabola, but a perfect circle. Historically, this is a fair analogy. When Germany began its V-l, or buzz bomb, offensive in June , one and a half million civilians were evacuated from London. The minister of Home Security, Herbert Morrison, was also prepared to order an almost total evacuation if the expected barrage of rockets proved as devastating as he feared.

British intelligence experts had predicted that the rocket would carry a warhead of seven tons, and Hitler was boasting that Nazi rockets would deliver five hundred tons of explosives each hour. However, when the first V-2 dropped on Chiswick in September,. British intelli- gence quickly realized that the weapon would be much weaker it carried, not seven tons of amatol explosive, but one and nowhere near as prolific hit London during the entire seven months of V-2 assault.

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Still, the V-2's real strength was as a weapon of terror; and to calm the populace Home Security proceeded with some of its evacua- tion plans. Irving 80, , sees them as good public rela- tions with Londoners who needed assurances. From until it was razed by fire in , the structure stood — a symbol of Victorian progress — in London's Hyde Park. Two of its towers survived the fire but were dismantled in to prevent German bomber crews from using them as landmarks.

The first of many coal derivatives mentioned in the narrative. In Pavlov's neuropsychiatric writings, however, the term assumes a parallel meaning Pynchon will soon reference: Here, it signifies an absolute lack of response to external stimuli, thus a psychologically inert condition, the imagined death in Pirate's dream. Moreover, Pirate's bohemianism extends a tradition: Oscar Wilde lived at No, 16 Chelsea Embankment from until his trial in ; and the boulevard also skirts Cheyne Walk, once the home of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Algernon Charles Swinburne, whose drunken carryings-on became legendary stuff.

Soon, though, images of stars will burgeon until a variety of references is working in GR: V-2 rockets were launched on London from The Hague, miles distant. Nevertheless, from their rooftops and up- per windows Londoners might observe the white star-burst of a launch and the vapor trail of a rocket climbing over the North Sea. Many of the missiles were launched at dawn, when the low winter sun brilliantly illuminated their exhaust. A letter in the Times of December 12, 5, col. Here are the 18 Beyond the Zero details.

Later in part 1 VI In mid-December, when Pirate observes this dawn firing, the sun would be nearing its lowest southern latitudes, approximately over South- West Africa, the topos for many of Pynchon's Herero references. The sun would be rising at a bearing of about degrees ESE, or perpendicular to the rocket's line of trajectory and forming, incidentally, a cross in the sky.

Now since a rainbow of illuminated light moves in a direction opposite to that of its source— that is, since the rainbow falls as the sun rises — then this imagined rainbow would be high overhead relative to any observer who might be standing the requisite one-half to one mile ESE of the rocket's airborne vapor trail. Such an imaginary observer would see a circular rainbow and not the arch we normally witness, one-half of which plunges into the earth. Pynchon reminds us of this fact as GR draws to a close: Note that Pirate's rainbow is imagined: Pirate prepares a lavish "Banana Breakfast" V8.

His departure for Greenwich triggers a lengthy analepsis con- cerned with the "Eastern Question" of This spins into one of the novel's more eccentric nightmares: Pirate's duty as "fantasist-surrogate" V In poker-playing jargon, "table stakes" is a variable wagering limit fixed by the amount of money on the table at the time of any one bet.

Pirate uses a German cognomen for the V-2 rocket in its operational configuration or Aggiegat. Pynchon's eighth birthday, President Harry Truman's sixty-first, and a day of increasing significance as GR continues see V The Allies began using the term in August Sir Samuel Browne d The occasion was the brief but bloody Charge of the Light Brigade under Lord Cardigan, whose light-horse company charged across the valley at Balaclava, outside Sevastopol then under siege by English; French, and Turkish troops , against greatly superior Russian troops.

General Bosquet observed the charge from a hillside on the left flank; Tennyson's well-known ballad see V The Lagonda- was a luxury sedan with separate driver's com- partment; its color, green, will be Pirate's once again in part 4. A batman is the traditional soldier-aide assigned to a British officer. The narodniki flourished in the late s. In the late s, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee activists were referred to as narodniks. Iron Guardsmen wore green shirts and carried little bags of Romanian soil, symbolizing their love of the fatherland, tied to thongs around their necks.

Behind Codreanu, Romania maintained an alliance with Hitler through August , when Britain and France assisted the deposed young king, Michael, in a successful coup. Still, the political situation remained unstable and was a frequent topic of discussion in the Times of London throughout the fall and winter of The Russians had been fomenting an underground struggle, and in March a Communist faction di- rected by the Russian commissar Andrei Vyshinski seized control.

Here, the significant points are that in Pirate was having, or "man- aging" V Blackett Javaid Qazi 9 identifies the source of this quotation: Fields' head Note the pun 21 with "Joaquin Stick" V9. Here is Richard Wilhelm's interpretation Stopping in perplex- ity at the brink of a dangerous abyss is a symbol of the folly of youth. Water is something that of necessity flows on. When the spring gushes forth, it does not know at first where it will go. But ; its steady flow fills up the deep place blocking its progress, and success is attained. In the twelve Fu-Manchu novels by Sax Rohmer Arthur Sarsfield Ward , dacoits serve as bodyguards and assassins of the megalomaniacal oriental genius, Dr.

Oriental sore The term "Fuzzy Wuzzy" was British military slang for the Sudanese soldier-conscript, so called because of his hair. In , the time of these oriental! When they accidentally ingest it, Barnaby and his co-workers regress to a zany, playful childhood. Nathan of Gaza Respectively, the prophet and precursor of Jesus see Matt.

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Nathan of Gaza was also the name adopted by a seventeenth- century Jewish mystic and Kabbalist, a fore- runner to the famed mystic Sabbatai Zvi see V Nixon, as "adenoidal" theater manager Richard M. Zhlubb, will reappear in the final, proleptic moments of the narrative see V In typical monster-movie fashion, this creature is "as big as St.

Paul's," the London cathedral atop Ludgate Hill measuring by feet. Lodged as he also is in the pharynx of Lord Blatherard Osmo, the Adenoid satirizes the nasal characteristics of upper-crust Brit- ish speech; at least, he satirizes how that speech sounds to preterite ears. The Treaty of Berlin empowered Austria-Hungary to garrison the area, while civil administration was to remain in Turkish hands. In Austria-Hungary announced plans to run a rail line through the pass at Novi Pazar.

It would have been commer- cially insignificant but far more important as a crucial land bridge to Macedonia and Bulgaria, completing the encirclement of Serbia. These strategic problems were central to the "Eastern Question": Then plans for the railway were shelved, so Pi- rate's image of getting to the sanjak via the legendary Orient Express is romantic fancy.

East End First the Adenoid moves due east and with no regard to' social classes. Mayfair, once the most fashionable residential quarter of London, by was mostly home to retail businesses, especially the city's better clothiers hence the "tophats" strewn about the Adenoid's path. East End is London's haven for the preterite: In Rohmer's Fu-Manchu novels, it is a warren of opium dens and "the Yellow Peril"— a criminal underground of inscrutable Asians. Before World War II it was home to nuclear physicists Rutherford and Bohr, who first proposed the planetary model of the atom and later made the discoveries that enabled researchers to split atoms of uranium.

James's The Adenoid has closed the circle. Teddy Bloat, spared a broken neck by Pirate's quick reflexes in episode 1, photographs the cubicle of his American co-worker, Lt. Thus, before meet- ing the character himself in episode 4, we are first introduced to Slothrop's possessions.

To Bloat, the main item of interest is the map, speckled rain- bow-like with colored stars, of Slothrop's London sexual conquests. Garrard and Company, Ltd. Temperatures held in the upper thirties. The afternoon of December 18, the fog broke and a cold drizzle began falling see also V Oxford Street VI 7. Oliver "Tantivy" Mucker-Maffick T. Soules has pinned down two sources for this monicker: A "mucker" is British slang for one who employs himself in low pursuits, as in the midst of wastes and excrements.

He began "chain-smoking," we are told, with the first rocket strikes V The box still stresses how a lozenge "Eases Smoker's Throat. Slothrop will eventually give up ukelele for harmonica, but Tantivy's comparing him to George Formby , ukelele-strum- 25 ming British screen comic of the forties, may tell us something about Slothrop's singing voice: Formby 's was a high screech. Kreml Hair Tonic is a bygone product, but the countless advertisements. Among the "lost pieces to different jigsaw puzzles," the eye of the "Weimaraner" will reappear in Ned Pointsman's dream as a champion Weimaraner named Reichsseiger von Thanatz Alpdriicken V Sim- ilarly, the "orange nimtrus of an explosion" anticipates the news photo Slothrop finds in part 4, of the atomic bomb exploding over Hiroshima after being dropped from a "Flying Fortress" like that in this passage.

The can of "Nugget shoe polish" anticipates the analepsis to rag-popping shoeshine boy Malcolm X, working the Roseland Ball- room lavatory in see V At the end of this catalog we also glimpse Slothrop's reading materials: The idea for this map probably came from Irving. One map in The Mare's Nest shows the "number of flying bombs per square kilometer"; another , the distribution of rocket strikes around the city, with the strongest concentrations in the east and a thinning pattern as the flow works west.

As was customary, the two teams played each other twice, on successive weekends: The dates es- tablish the time of Bloat's analeptic memories in this passage. Slothrop has also visited the bomb site, and we finally meet him. Most of the narrative consists of analepses to incidents of Slothrop's girl-chasing about London, his childhood in western Massachusetts, his nine generations of Puritan ancestors, and their slowly wasted fortunes as the New World grew older.

Consistent with the Times weather information for December Acronym for the Technical Intelligence wing of the British army. Veronica's Hospital for Respiratory and Colonic Diseases, locus of episode Irving , Pynchon's likely source, ex- plains that V-ls were either launched from a ramp or dropped from a bomber. In flight, they reached subsonic velocities of around mph, over a maximum range of miles. Ten seconds after a preset engine cutoff, the V-l dove toward earth, as described here. The initial attack of V-ls on London commenced just before midnight on June 15, , and by 5 a.

Pox from the Junior Atheneum. Malcolm X describes the wild abandon the windmilling arms and hopping step of it in the "Homeboy" chapter of his Autobiography, a principal source for episode The general context is Christian redemptive hope, in which "Adam was the old and wild Olive, Christ the true Vine, and the new Olive" Fallen man must therefore be severed from his unregenerate root and grafted onto, "implanted in," Christ; and the last sermon, "Spirituall Love and Joy," sets worldly love against the fulfillment that stems from this humbling, enlightening influence of the Divinity.

Hooker acknowledges mundane passion in the passage Pynchon quotes: Indeed Tyrone Slothrop, the novel's- closest candidate for protagonist, embodies two of the sins that Hooker rails against— drunkenness and adultery. Slothrop's mapped garden of earthly delights further ironizes Hooker's image of the divine garden. Note the eastwarding progress of these three, for in a sense it summarizes "Slothrop's [eastward] Progress" from the United States back to the longitudes his forefathers left behind.

George is the patron saint and romance hero of Britain. Slothrop's dragon is the rocket, "the Beast" whose "droppings," or exploded parts, lie scattered over the bomb site; a further point is that Slothrop, no hero, arrives too late to battle it. The Royal Air Force. Chiswick, where the first V-2 falls, is just over two miles away. The debt, as Hooker and other Puritan divines would insist, is due not nature but God— a crucial difference.

Also, in a similar way Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Jr. Pynchon quotes the final stanza. In this context, another instance of hys- teron pi otei on. By then, the wealthy John Hay Whitneys and W. Averill Harrimans had already transformed Saratoga, sixty miles north- west in New York, into their summer hideout. Reporting the spectacular blaze in its late edition of April 25, , the New York Times described the building in a front-page story as "one of the most fashionable hostelries in the Berkshires and a social center for summer activities.

Rocke- feller and Chauncey Depew were once regular guests; other wealthy fi- nanciers and robber barons had drifted through. The fire began at 1: Here is the Times: Hundreds of residents left their beds and drove to the scene By 3 o'clock the hotel was reduced to a heap of smoldering ruins. These moments of occult contact with the Other Side introduce us to Blicero, the Teutonic deity of death soon to be revealed in an actual character. Like many episodes, this one begins in what seems a traditional omniscient third-person narration, focusing on Roger and Jessica; then the seance is focalized through Pirate Prentice, whose memo- ries take us analeptically back to his tour of duty in the Persian Gulf, in the ' thirties, and to a woman he loved and lost.

Pirate senses a similar loss ap- proaching in Roger's life, and glimpses of a snuggling Roger and Jessica thus bring the episode back full circle in both point of view and time. The number of persons should not be less than three, nor more than twelve, eight being the ideal number. No person of strong magnetic temperament should be present, as he or she would quash the power of the spirits. The ropm should not be overheated, and should be well ventilated; bright light was anathema to successful dealings with spirits.

But Snoxall's runs a respect- able seance: The "sensitive flame" would reveal any shenanigans by registering the movement of air. Selena for the ancient moon goddess is the surviving wife of Feldspath, and she would be seated opposite Eventyr. The "control" in a seance is another name for the spirit of a deceased who speaks for, or about, the spirit in question; here it is Peter Sachsa, a German Communist and lover of Leni Pokier; we subsequently learn that he was killed during a Berlin street dem- onstration of on the etymology of his name, see V These constitute the "basic; four-way entente" V Blicero is one of the many Germanic nicknames for death.

Grimm traces the etymology from bleich pale and blechend grinning , and from these he derives other nicknames, such as Der Blecker The Grinning Death and Der Bleicher The Bleacher, for what death does to bones. Dominus Lord , from the Latin, recalls the appellation accorded both to Roman emperors by their underlings and to Christ in Latin translations of the Gospels. Arguing for the beneficial prospects of a true laissez faire economy, Smith reasons that anyone seeking his own benefit will also be guided, as though by an unseen force, to benefit his society.

Such a person, he claims, "neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestick to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its product may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention" ; my emphasis.

A large vein of Protestant belief in Providence and election lies beneath Smith's metaphor, and Pynchon has already mined it with the image of the "hand of God" V But the war economy has "dispensed with God" V As the narrative will frequently suggest, the new industrial cartels erased any distinction between Smith's "for- eign" and "domestic" manufacturers. His philosophi- cal writings sought to synthesize everything from Neitzsche's Superman to the Tarot, yoga, astrology, the Kabbala, Jungian dream analysis, and Christian iconography.

Recall Zipf's Principle of Least Effort Instead, the text for this complex, arresting reference is his study, The Psycho-Biology of Language.

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Zipf was a professor of philology and linguistics at Harvard during the time of Slothrop's fictional atten- dance there. In the book he studied language as "a natural psy- chological and biological phenomenon to be investigated in the spirit of the exact sciences" v. Examining everyday speech, he found 1 patterns of abbreviation — the linguistic trace of his "Principle of Least Effort" — to be important in unlocking the dynamics of language. Much of his work relies on various statistical and probabilistic tests applied to recorded samples of ordinary discourse, and the text is chock- full of "word-frequency graphs" plotting on double-logarithmic charts the frequency of occurrence of a word, with abscissas indicating the number of words in the sample and ordinates the number of occurrences of the word.

These are the "axes" Milton Gloaming describes to a perplexed Jessica Swanlake. As Gloaming explains to Jessica, the graphs of schizophrenic speech yield, instead of a straight line, "a sort of bow shape. Only once in December was Falkman the featured, live act at 7: During the war, Morgan played a pilot in four dif- 33 ferent films; here the reference is to God Is My Co-Pilot , featuring Morgan as a daring ace with the Flying Tigers of the Far East— hence the image of his grinning at "every little bucktooth yellow rat he shoots down. The twelfth house on the astrological calendar February March 20 , symbolizing confinement, life reigned in by institutions, social re- sponsibilities, and death.

Under its influence one also expects contact ; with unknown forces in the universe. A water sign the Fishes , and the ruler of narrative action in part 1. ELAS Greeks stalking royalists A brief catalog of some principal struggles and realignments of European power occurring at this time. By December of the Free French under Charles de Gaulle were not only "plotting" revenge but trying those who collaborated with the Nazis. During late and into the Polish Committee of National Liberation based at Lublin carried out the overthrow of a "Varsovian" that is, Warsaw- based puppet government.

These developments all received daily treatment in the Times of London, Pynchon's main source; but through- out December only the German counterattack in Holland took more newsprint than the struggles in Greece. The ELAS Greeks were a Com- munist-led faction who took to their side various captured Nazis and, mounting a mid-December attack against Athens, attempted to remove Allied forces led by British general Scobie, who was under the strictest orders to keep the Greek royalist faction in power.

Pointsman, who, with the full baggage of his theories, will be introduced to us in coming episodes. Behaviorist psychology dates from the work of John and Rosalie Watson in the twenties; a reference to their work will soon occur in the general context of Tyrone Slothrop's conditioning, in , when he was an infant or tod- dler see V The song was written by Howard Deitz and Arthur Schwartz in ; in it was recorded by Artie Shaw and the Gramercy Five, a disk that sold over a million copies.

Here are the lyrics: Dancing in the dark, Till the tune ends, We're dancing in the dark, And it soon ends — ; We're waltzing in the wonder of why we're here- Time hurries by, We're here and gone, Looking for the light Of a new love, to brighten up the night — I have you, love, And we can face the music together.

Dancing in the dark. What though love is old? What though song is old? Through them we can be young — Hear this heart of mine, Make yours part of mine — Dear one, tell me that we're one, Dancing in the dark! A short episode, analeptically revealing Roger and Jessica's "'cute meet'" V Jessica is attached to a battery mate named Jeremy, Roger to his "mother" V Instead of "Beaver" he uses the noun for a cheap, ersatz beaver pelt that is derived from a South American rodent, the coypu, L and that the British call "nutria.

Crosby won an Oscar for this role. From until , the Jaguar was one of nine models produced at the S. Cars fac- [ ' tory of Coventry. Few were made, but their reputation for speed and ' handling, at fairly affordable prices, won them a small following. After V-E Day, Jaguar became the make name of a new motorcar line. Located on Picadilly Circle, the Windmill featured dancing girls "cont. The Bantam misprints , this as "satistician. On a normal distribution, graphed in parabolic section, plus or minus sigma on either side of. See later references at V They are commonly used while testing subjects for extrasensory abilities.

Afterward, the data might be subjected to a chi-square test to determine if the statistically expected frequencies of successful guessing matched the observed frequencies. Roger and Jessica have found Dr.

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Pointsman at the site o ,a house smashed earlier that day in a rocket blast. Roger assists him in a slapstick chase after a shell-shocked dog prowling the ruins,- during it Pointsman gets his foot stuck in a toilet bowl. Pointsman is a Fellow in the Royal College of Surgeons. The format centered on Fred Allen, who used to walk down his back alley, pausing to knock on the neighbors' doors.

The comedy stemmed from the resulting exchanges-for example, with Mrs. Veronica of the True Image St. Veronica met Jesus on the road to Calvary, lent him a handkerchief, and found afterward that it bore an image of his face. There was no such London hospital, in any event. One of Pavlov's American collaborators, Dr. Horsley Gantt, did the English translation ; ; thus there is no particular purpose to the secrecy of Pointsman, Spectro, and others who "rotate" their lone copy.

A bit of melodrama from the narrator. Veronica's Hospital, doctors Kevin Spectro and Edward Pointsman talk shop Pavlovian psychology and in particular the puzzling case of! There are problems of causality: Slothrop experiences sex- ual excitation at the sites of future rocket strikes; moreover, when V-2 rock-: The symmetry of these reversals further instances of hysteron proter on getsTointsman going, and other narrative threads intro- duced in his meditations will prove significant: Slothrop's link to a Dr.

Jamf and Pointsman's conditioning of an octopus named Grigori. In Jung's concern was "the neuroses resulting from the Great War, with their essentially traumatic etiology" in otherwise healthy patients. The therapist's role is to guide the patient through a representation of the injury and to stand as a point of transference for the patient's neurosis. Jung writes that the transference is crucial and often takes much time: One could say that as the doctor assimilates the intimate psychic contents of the patient into himself, he is in turn assimilated as a figure into the patient's psyche.

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That transference must be "freely negotiated," not a "slavish and Humanly degrading bondage. Pointsman, for example, puts his commanding officer, Brigadier General Pudding, through a nightmarish rehearsal of his Great War traumas in episode 4 of part 2. Slothrop's forced replay of his own neuroses dur- ing the sodium amytal session of the next episode is yet another example of Pointsman's manipulative "therapy. The issue here and elsewhere in the novel is control. Yet the inten- sity depends just as importantly, though less obviously, on the mag- ' nitude of such unconditioned factors as the subject's motivation or emotional state.

Janet had recently 39 published a paper on feelings of persecution and paranoia in his patients the sentiments d' emprise. He explained their feelings as stemming from the patients' weakened states brought on by depression, disease, trauma, or terror , during which they are confused by "ideas of the opposite. In short, the patient becomes paranoid, feels persecuted.

Janet called for a psychoanalytic therapy; but Pavlov, ever the physiologist, argued for chemical cures. It therefore seemed a simple matter of the patient's having gone transmarginal, as defined above. Thus Pavlov Lectures 2: Petrova was first to observe it" Petrova was a research associate at Pavlov's laboratory in the Russian village of Koltushy. His experiments with the hypnosis of dogs, one result of which Pynchon summarizes here, derive from volume 2 of the Lec- tures, chapter 47 "Contributions to the Physiology of the Hypnotic State of the Dog" , especially pp.

Veronica's patient, who relives the V Re- alpolitik elevates the strategic interests of the state — its relative security — over liberal domestic reform. Or, as Bismark once put it: Veronica's Downtown Bus Station Fictional. It began on Sunday, December 16, Like many of the episodes in GR this one has a circular movement. A rocket blast awakens Jessica, who leaves ' the bed to stand at a frosted window. Focalized through her, the narrative segues analeptically into Roger explaining statistical principles to Jessica, then into an ornniscient analepsis in which Roger and Pointsman debate the efficacy of statistical versus deterministic views of the corre- spondence between rocket strikes and Slothrop's erections.

The episode ends by returning us to Jessica at her frosted window and a discussion she and Roger once had about prewar England. Temperatures in London ranged down to degrees - Fahrenheit, with a "persistent fog" that turned to light snow in some areas. For a remarkably similar image framing episode 14, with Katje Borgesius watching "the long rain in silicon and freezing descent" upon her windows, see V For example, the Poisson equation is commonly used 41 in calculating the probability of radioactive emissions or in figuring the chances of actual death as in a bridge collapse for actuarial purposes.

As Roger says, one can "look it up" V According to Pavlov's "law of sum- mation," the combination of "a number of weak conditioned stimuli" will result in "their exact mathematical sum" According to the "law of irradiation and concentration," the "processes of excitation and inhibition, originated at. Finally, along with these processes a "reciprocal induction" may occur, that is, "intensification of one process by another taking place either in succession at the same point or simultaneously at two neighboring points" So it is appropriate that Pointsman smokes ; this brand because, as we soon see, it was the "submontane Venus" V Similarly, it is the same White Goddess of love-in-death that calls to the zany kamikaze pilots Tachezi and Ichizo when they gather luminiscent white "Cypridinae" from the Pacific surf see ; V Instead, 42 Beyond the Zero statistical proofs show that with every new spin of the wheel the number has an equal chance against all others.

With rockets, this means, as Roger says , "Everyone's equal. Same chances of getting hit. Equal in the eyes of the rocket" V