The Means

Rubashov remains unconvinced, and awaits his execution with the thought that "one cannot build Paradise with concrete. If her plan succeeds, there will be no more extinctions except, technically, that of the human race. In the Isaac Asimov novel The End of Eternity , a corps of time-traveling guardians ensure humanity's peaceful, prosperous existence A book is devoted to figuring out which of the three is the most desirable, but while the rather interesting choice of Gaia is somewhat teasingly ominous, seen as a necessary evil almost, despite having a logical reason behind it , we'll never actually really know how it was officially intended to work out for humanity, as Dr.

Asimov couldn't himself decide , and instead spent his last years writing two prequels detailing the life of Hari Seldon. Addressed in one of the prequels by David Brin, whereby it turns out to be a 27, the Knight Templar placed by Daneel to placate various factions. A brief paragraph at the start of one of the prequel novels alludes to a very interesting solution. The Gaia aspect was incorporated, along with galaxy-shared Second Foundation group-knowledge with a helping of the First Foundation's scientific view. Played heroically by Joe Haldeman 's Forever Peace , where the main characters discover that a project to recreate and study the early Big Bang will, well Given that humanity now has the means to wipe out the universe , the heroes decide to force the war-torn near-future Earth into peace by forcibly implanting neural jacks into key figures in the multinational military, and then hooking them up to each other and many others to force empathy and the inability to kill directly or indirectly on them , and then eventually on to humanity at large.

The final death toll of their project is actually quite small, and it is much more favorable compared to the alternative. The Giver and Jonas, his apprentice, often discuss whether their peaceful and happy lives ordained by the Community is worth the loss of choice, family, sexuality, color, and music , and if it's worth the "release" that is, execution of anyone who transgresses against the rules, even accidentally, and any extra babies that would disrupt the population count. In the backstory of Zilpha Keatley Snyder's Green-Sky Trilogy , the pair of scientists who fled Earth with a boatload of war orphans to form the peaceful new world of Green-Sky have a falling out as their charges start coming of age.

Neshom argues that the "Kindar" should learn about the horrors they came from. Wissen argues that the only way to prevent the tragedy they fled is to never let the Kindar know of such things and to all but banish the concepts leading to violence from society. Neshom ends up dead, and his followers banished underground. It's implied that Wissen murdered his colleague.

Harrison Bergeron uses this. Egalitarianism is enforced by handicapping the more intelligent, athletic, or beautiful members of society down to the level of the lowest common endowment. And if you still happen to be able to destroy your handicaps Attempted by Gellert Grindelwald in Harry Potter. Gellert believed that Muggles, left to their own devices, were too dangerous and needed to be guided or outright controlled by the wiser magical people.

His use of dark magic and the atrocities he committed, even his apparent affiliation with Hitler , were all dismissed with one phrase: Some fanfic writers attribute a more cunning and under-handed version of this to Dumbledore, with him either planning to sacrifice Harry "for the greater good" or molding him into the perfect leader to create the future Dumbledore had planned out. Considering revelations in the seventh book, it's not a difficult leap in reasoning. Though he did that after he learned that Harry was protected by his mother's blood and his vision for the future world was primarily one without the Death Eaters reign of terror.

In Heaven by Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen, the religion of Cosmic Unity was born from the idea that since interplanetary warfare would be so destructive, all planets and people must join together in harmony. Since such warfare must obviously be avoided at all costs, everyone who doesn't agree with the idea of joining the church is subject to being attacked and utterly annihilated by them. The virtual Heaven they offer their members is also questionable, though, in that case this, trope is subverted in that as soon as its custodians encounter a single being that doesn't want to live in it after experiencing it, which they imagined impossible, they begin to dismantle the system.

The closest he comes to reconsidering is when Lyra shows up and he thinks that fate has sent him his own child in answer to his summons. The ultimate goal of the Mesan Alignment in Honor Harrington is the ultimate perfection of the human species - although they still plan on having a vast slave underclass they are the bad guys, after all. In Stephenie Meyer's The Host , the aliens who come to Earth make it a lovely, peaceful land of curiosity and intelligence. In Stephen Hunt 's Jakelian novels, there once was a Utopia called Camlantis that faded into legend after being overthrown by barbarian hordes.

Abraham Quest and Robur seek to rediscover and re-establish this Utopia, and to make sure that it doesn't fall again by wiping out every other nation, human or otherwise, on Earth. In the short story "Join Our Gang" the Sirian Combine is going to have a peaceful and economically flourishing galaxy -and if your planet doesn't agree to play nice and sign up, they'll use their incredible knowledge of biological and genetic engineering to make you agree. One of the things they do is increase birthrate in animals.

They did this to, among others, rats on Earth, and two generations later borrowed the great white shark to bring another planet to heel. Nunnal Enaz wants to cure mana mutation victims, mend the relations between elves and mortals, put an end to the elven slave trade, weaken Order's power in Tariatla and make sure Order can never ever threaten her home village. To do this, she risks the safety of her home village, the freedom of her family, and her own life on The Bet with Order.

Nicolae Carpathia's goal of a peaceful united world under one government in the Left Behind book series requires using police state methods to achieve. It's also the basis for everything that God does in the book series itself. The One Ring in The Lord of the Rings offers everyone who comes near it a vision of a world bowing to them as a great and mighty lord not necessarily an Utopian.

Most hobbits are able to resist its effects solely due to their humility. The best it can offer Sam Gamgee is a vision of a huge garden with him ruling over all the other gardeners. He promptly dismisses this as absurd.

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Gandalf warns specifically against using the One Ring to fight Sauron and make a better world. Because it was made with all of Sauron's greed, malice and desire to corrupt and control it takes all selfish aspects of its Bearer and amplifies them, twisting even good desires into pride and despotism. The villains in the Dean Koontz novel Night Chills come up with an effective method of mind control through Subliminal Advertising and seek to make the world perfectly ordered, but their agent quickly succumbs to Power Perversion Potential when testing its effects on a small town.

On the other hand, it's completely inverted in Nineteen Eighty-Four: Winston thinks that the Party's original aim was to make a utopia where everyone is equal and happy, and it just happened to have Gone Horribly Wrong , but O'Brian corrects him and explains that creating a utopia was never the intention: The Lathe of Heaven also examines the costs and pitfalls of possible utopias.

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To a certain extent, so does the generation ship story Paradises Lost. The Alternate History novel Pavane concerns an alternate England ruled by the Inquisition, which is ultimately revealed to have slowed down technological advances so to avoid the Holocaust and other calamities of this world how they knew about this is less clear. In Vernor Vinge 's Rainbows End , humanity's fast technological progress gives minor hate groups the ability to bring destruction on a large scale.

Humanity is on the brink of either annihilation or a singularity. The antagonist plans to use You Gotta Believe Me technology to bring about some adult supervision. The same author doesn't seem to have much trust in the near future; a similar kind of supervision appears as the Peace Authority, in the Across Realtime trilogy. The villains of Rainbow Six want to wipe out large portions of humanity with an engineered virus so that the planet can be saved. One girl must brave the unknown to save the town.

It turns out that her entire town is a tourist attraction, set up by idealists who disliked the modern world.

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Unfortunately, for the children born into the town, the few people who still believe in the town's original purpose force everyone to stay, and prohibit the parents from telling their kids, who begin dying like flies from diphtheria. Oh, and the plague is Phase One of an evil scheme to breed a super race of children by exposing them to various diseases. The kids just have to survive them all.

In a short story by Philip Jose Farmer called Seventy Years of Decpop , a Mad Scientist releases a virus that renders a large portion of the Earth's population sterile. The story is told from the point of view of a baby food salesman who realizes that he's going to be out of a job soon, since most people won't be able to conceive children. This story was written in The '70s when overpopulation was a big concern, and the plot actually seems to succeed. With less people, quality of life improves, racial-oriented housing upscale Whites versus ghetto Blacks disappears, individualized teaching spreads in the schools, the Native American tribes start getting all their land back, and pollution decreases while more natural areas are preserved and enlarged.

Fertile people become highly sought after and are put in a position of unprecedented influence even shown in a situation where one woman who's fertile is a lesbian and agrees to artificial insemination ONLY if she's allowed to legally wed her same-sex partner DECADES before this can be done in the real world. It's not perfect, because Humans Are Bastards , but it seems as close as we'll ever come to a utopia.

The man responsible is never seen at all, so no one even knows if he himself survived, but he gradually is declared a Well-Intentioned Extremist. In The Spellsong Cycle by LE Modesitt Jr , the main character, who's canonically Neutral Good , accumulates a five-digit body count by the end of the first book, because she's determined to fix the Crapsack World she's trapped in. Interestingly, she isn't aiming for utopia proper—she's trying to recreate the American democratic system, which is utopian compared to the society she's dealing with.

The final book of cult teen series Spy High is a great example of this. The Big Bad in question is Jonathan Deveraux, the deceased founder of the Spy School whose personality has been uploaded onto a computer. Throughout the series, he gradually loses access to the "human" parts of his computerised psyche. As a result, he uses his vast resources to infiltrate computer systems all around the world, slipping nanomachines into everyday products. When activated, these nanomachines will turn people into emotionless zombies with no hatred or anger whatsoever.

Using the pseudonym "The Deliverer", he activates it at a UN summit, turning all the UN ambassadors into zombies, and then turns the entire United Kingdom for much the same effect.

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Needless to say, this causes global panic. He's going to establish Utopia, a perfect - no, the perfect society. It was simply to ensure that time travel would be created to try and counter it, which the Messengers — the Army's Super Soldiers — could then hijack it to go back and kill the Primaries humans who act as Cosmic Keystones maintaining time itself with paradoxes in order to create a Time Crash. All because their leader, the Witness , has convinced them that a world without time would be a paradise, as it would also be a world without death.

The future humans who sent back the original with all the death and chaos many of them led to and did everything in their power to keep Collier around and, presumably, devise his plan, also apply given their stated goal of saving the world, no matter the bastardy things they have to do to achieve it. Jasmine in Angel used her godhood to engineer her return to Earth as a beatific, mind-numbingly beautiful goddess. Though she unified all who saw her or heard her voice and ended conflict, that much power required "volunteers" to be eaten by draining their life force on a daily basis.

If successful, she would have essentially made everyone into peaceful, Jasmine-loving followers, destroying all evil in the world; but also have eaten thousands of people per year but fewer people than would have died from wars and starvation she would have prevented. She was shown to be a very vain being, possibly more concerned with being worshiped than with helping people.

We also get to see the last world Jasmine visited. She said she "did all she could" for that world and abandoned it due to its limitations, although some interpret it as her just getting bored. The fifth season used this trope throughout the entire season , putting the heroes in charge of the villain's organisation and having them try to use it as a weapon for good.

But what happens when that means getting villains acquitted in court, or playing murky demon politics, or playing nice to a Demon Lord? It was eventually revealed, by their nemesis Lindsey no less, that doing this was crippling their effectiveness against the malevolent Senior Partners. Newsflash - heroes don't do that! On the other hand, he is extremely hesitant to kill a telepath even if said telepath opposes him instead, he tries to persuade them to change their views, or, if that doesn't work, tries to capture them and ship them to Psi Corps "re-education" camps.

Considering that, during the series, telepaths are abused and enslaved both by the Psi Corps and the Shadows , and Garibaldi uncovers a conspiracy by an anti-mutant group to infect all human telepaths with a deadly virus so that they would either have to take daily injections of medication also manufactured by the same corporation and be easily controllable that way, or die in agony, Bester's paranoia can be seen as simple pre-emptive self-defense. Except for the gleeful delight he takes in tormenting Mundanes, and the casualness with which he kills them.

The aforementioned conspiracy discovered by Garibaldi is also a case of this. The Shadows and Vorlons from the same series believe that their views of society create "perfection" and are well worth blowing up planets for. As these views are diametrically opposed , the rest of the galaxy is in trouble. The Avatars in Charmed wanted to create a world without conflict. It turned out that maintaining it involved the deletion of anyone whose violent tendencies survived their spell. In " The Savages ", the Elders drain the Life Energy of the Savages who live outside their city to improve themselves.

When they invaded this Earth through a parallel universe, they declared that they will take over and change society by removing fear, hatred, and classism Most notable of all is Tobias Vaughn , the CEO of an electronics company who sought to ally with and manipulate the Cybermen into taking over the world for him, so he could then doublecross them and create a utopia where all ideological disputes cease and unity is attained. Unfortunately for Vaughn, the Cybermen were one step ahead and doublecrossed him first, leading him to ally with the Doctor to take down the threat that he himself had led to the Earth in the first place.

In "The Tomb of the Cybermen" , Klieg and the rest of the Brotherhood of Logicians intended to take over the world with the aid of the Cybermen. The Scientific Reform Society in " Robot " planned to trigger a worldwide nuclear holocaust unless the nations agreed to yield power to them. In " Invasion of the Dinosaurs ", a group of Well Intentioned Extremists , believing that the environment could not be saved, sent a shipload of volunteers on a Fauxtastic Voyage to "another world", to disembark after time had been reversed back to the Mesozoic and the rest of humanity as well as all the Silurians written out of history.

In Farscape , the Nebari are ruled by a force known as "The Establishment", who advocate a rigid system of order where the individual sacrifices his freedom and conforms for the greater good. Those who refuse are mentally modified into happy slaves, blissfully serving the order. Oh, and they also have a lovely plan to make the entire universe this way. They also claim not to have warships. They have transport ships, which have enough firepower to take out a legendary Peacekeeper command carrier which was thought to be indestructible. This is further indicated when they are the only party outside those two to bid on Crichton's wormhole knowledge.

When Jon Snow asks Daenerys about the people she burned with her dragon during the battle she just returned from, she asks how many people Jon killed in order to take Winterfell back from the Boltons the answer, incidentally, is "Thousands". Daenerys is fairly convinced that in order to " break the wheel ," she needs to invoke Join or Die on the people of Westeros.

Downplayed , Tyrion and Varys have no issue with the world she is trying to build they stand to benefit greatly from her utopia , and for the most part they're able to restrain Daenerys' more Knight Templar impulses. Existential threats are a bit more pressing than building utopia, after all. Whatever Varys does, is for the good of the realm.

Whether that means supporting and funding the exiled lunatic Prince Viserys Targaryen, selling his sister Dany to the Dothraki, and arranging a Dothraki invasion into Westeros and even sending an assassin to kill Dany to trigger an international incident, it's all for the good of the realm, eventually. Linderman, on Heroes , wants to allow New York City to be destroyed by an atomic explosion, ostensibly to unite the world and grant it hope This may be a Shout-Out to Watchmen.

It's more or less spelled out that he intended Nathan to become a leader of men, to unite people and guide a world horrified by the destruction with Linderman as the power behind the throne. Apparently, he thinks this will end wars and discrimination and When the dust settles and the survivors look around, he, the immortal Adam Monroe , will be there to lead them and become emperor over all. Cyrus's speech to defend himself is full of this, which makes him either a Manipulative Bastard , either Obliviously Evil in acts.

Billy Chambers has his girlfriend sleep with the president and follows it up with blackmail and murder so the 'right' person can become president.

They were simply applying Asimov's Zeroth Law of Robotics. One of the first applications shown. It would also get rid of positive emotions like love and tenderness. Also, consider the concept of genetic augmentation. The scientific breakthroughs that would make humanity stronger, faster, and smarter also bred egomaniacs like Khan Noonien Singh. This so traumatized the Earth that genetic engineering was banned into the 24th century.

Colonel Green strongly believed this. After the Third World War, he organised the forced sterilisation and euthanasia of all those suffering radiation damage, in order to prevent them from passing on their mutations, deformities and health problems to the next generation. According to Enterprise , the morality and ramifications of what he did are still being heavily debated well into the 22nd century, with some considering him simply a despotic murderer , while others view him as an Well-Intentioned Extremist whose actions ultimately spared future generations from undue suffering.

The Borg are an extremely delusional example of this trope. They are a Hive Mind cybernetic collective who forcibly assimilate entire races into their ranks in order to improve themselves by taking their unique biological and technological distinctiveness into their own whether the races want it or not, and they see this as both benefitting the races in question who are now part of an ever- Higher-Tech Species as well as improving themselves, with the ultimate goal of attaining perfection for the entire Borg Collective and everyone in it.

In practice this means the total elimination of The Evils of Free Will , the sacrifice of any number of expendable drones i. The Dominion, as they want to unite everyone and bring "order" to the galaxy. As the Great Link has no concept of internal conflict , they think conquering and bringing everyone else under their control will bring peace to the galaxy. The rogue Starfleet agency Section 31 could also apply. Their utopia already exists in the form of The Federation , but they're willing to do all the underhanded things the Federation itself would never do in order to preserve it.

In the episode "Paradise," Sisko and O'Brien run across a settlement of the survivors of damaged ship on a planet where a dampening field makes technology useless. The leader of village is a fanatic Luddite who is convinced that they can create paradise on this world, and she enforces it by giving out torturous punishments for everything from stealing a candle to trying to figure out how to thwart the dampening field which "wastes time" that could have been used for serving the community.

It turns out the dampening field is an artificial creation, under her control, and she refuses to turn it off, even when one of the villagers is dying from an infection that Sisko and O'Brien could easily cure if they could get to their shuttle and its medkits. When she's called on her actions, she says that she does feel guilty about some things, but it's all worth it because of the wonderful community that her actions allowed them to create.

Means to an end

The episode implies she may be right, too; when given the chance, none of the villagers choose to leave and suggest they might even choose to turn the anti-technology field back on. Voyager episode "Unity" features a colony of former Borg that has fractured into different groups, some of whom live peacefully together, others of whom have turned to raiding and attacking the first group. Some of the leaders wish to activate the link that used to exist between them as Borg in order to stop the attacks. When Janeway refuses to help them, they take over Chakotay and force him to help them against his will.

The end of the episode hints that the "unity" that the leaders created may turn out to be as evil as the Borg in time. At the end of the fourth season of Supernatural , Zachariah reveals that the senior angels he claimed the 'grunts' would have revolted had they known beforehand allowed most of the seals to be broken, and they want Sam to kill Lilith and break the final seal, so Lucifer will walk free. Because after the Apocalypse, which they are sure they will win, there will be paradise on Earth. And if billions of humans have to die to ensure this paradise?

Well, they aren't particularly concerned about that. So is it really that bad? Metatron, also an angel, has a claim to this status as well, with his goal of making the world into the perfect example of what makes stories so great. Season 3 of The Wire features a notable example that's both wholly realistic and morally ambiguous enough that it could be considered justified.

When faced with an escalating gang war in Baltimore in the months before a mayoral election, BPD Major Howard "Bunny" Colvin is essentially given carte blanche to lower the skyrocketing murder rate and save the mayor's public safety record. He goes behind his superiors' backs and designates a small area of the city as a "free zone" where drug dealers can peddle their product under police supervision without punishment.

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The plan succeeds in drastically improving public safety, but it relies on police looking the other way while heroin addicts buy drugs in broad daylight, as well as brutally punishing dealers who refuse to move we see police macing handcuffed dealers, stealing their shoes at gunpoint, and even driving them off in paddy wagons and leaving them stranded in the woods. In the end, Colvin's superiors find out about it, and he's demoted and forced to retire in disgrace.

The song "Bloody Revolutions" by Crass criticizes this attitude, as part of a deconstruction of armed revolutions: To achieve their goal, they're perfectly willing to kill anybody that interferes or accidentally stumbles near their hideout, for that matter. BattleTech gives us both the Crusader faction of the Clans, who want to conquer the Inner Sphere their ancestors left behind to recreate the golden age of the Star League — with themselves as the overlords, never mind the fact that their warrior culture has diverged wildly from even their rose-colored view of the past — and pre-schism ComStar, an ostensibly neutral, pseudo-religious organization hoarding technological knowledge, also has an eye towards one day creating an utopia under their benevolent rule The Battlechimp's dream is a world without chi, a world where humanity can finally be free to make their own decisions without being influenced by whoever has the most feng shui at his or her command.

In order to do this, Potemkin wants every Feng Shui site in all the major junctures and the Netherworld blown sky high, no matter what form the site takes or how many innocent people will be killed in the process, or, indeed, what the long term consequences will be if he should actually succeed in destroying the world's chi.

Ironically, the world of - where Potemkin and the Jammers have their roots - is itself an example of this trope. Well-Intentioned Extremist Johann Bonengel, the "Buropresident," originally entered politics with the dream of creating a world free of "war, ethnic crimes, and personal violence. The Ascension , some parts of the Technocracy fill this role.

The individual Technocrats are generally no better or worse than other mages, and often work towards what they see as a better, brighter future. If that requires crushing anything in their path, stifling dissension, and purging the world of wonder and the supernatural Well, you can't make an omelette without breaking a few heads. Cynically speaking, the Traditions could be the same. They had control once. It was called the Dark Ages. You can even make the argument that the Traditions were far worse than the Technocracy. The Technocracy's main goal is to have all magic be repeatable and safe for the Masses to use ie, science and technology , rather than limiting its use to a few tyrants wielding godlike power.

Sure, they need to exterminate reality warpers who decide that the Dark Age realities should take precedence over what the Masses have decided they want through their collective consciousness, but at least they keep the horrors from beyond at bay, sometimes to great sacrifice of their own. They even took out the Ravnos Antediluvian, with significant cost to themselves, with neutron bombs when all the other groups failed though they did weaken it enough for the Technocracy to do so.

This was what Yawgmoth in Magic: The Gathering thought he was doing when he created Phyrexia. The net result was much , much worse. Or, if you are a Phyrexian , it was a success. Among the five Praetors, Elesh Norn and Jin-Gitaxias are those who endorse this concept most, but taking two different paths: However, the two get along well. Planescape has the Harmonium faction. All factions qualify to some degree, but the Harmonium are the most clear-cut ones: The standard tactics brainwashing, executions, etc.

Their plans tend to backfire spectacularly, like their idea of sticking anyone not Lawful or Good enough into re-education camps Once Upon a Time , The Imperium of Man believed that humanity's manifest destiny was to rule over the entire galaxy and to exterminate any xenos or humans that stood in their way. They came close under the leadership of the Emperor, but then the Horus Heresy occurred and the Imperium degenerated into what it is now. Since we are assuming the two population variances are the same, we estimate this variance by averaging our two sample variances.

Thus, our estimate of variance is computed using the following formula:. Since n the number of scores in each group is 17,. The next step is to compute t by plugging these values into the formula:. Finally, we compute the probability of getting a t as large or larger than 2. To do this , we need to know the degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom is the number of independent estimates of variance on which MSE is based.

Once we have the degrees of freedom, we can use the t distribution calculator to find the probability. Figure 1 shows that the probability value for a two-tailed test is 0. The two-tailed test is used when the null hypothesis can be rejected regardless of the direction of the effect.

The results of a one-tailed test are shown in Figure 2. As you can see, the probability value of 0. Most computer programs that compute t tests require your data to be in a specific form. Consider the data in Table 2. To use Analysis Lab to do the calculations, you would copy the data and then. But the end in its turn needs to be justified. Leon Trotsky , Their Morals and Ours This concept of "national defense" cannot be deemed an end in itself, justifying any exercise of legislative power designed to promote such a goal.

Earl Warren , United States v. Robel External links [ edit ]. Wikipedia has an article about: The ends justify the means. Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikipedia.