Un nouveau président pour rien (Documents) (French Edition)

In return, the new president chose Chirac to lead the cabinet. At the age of 41, Chirac stood out as the very model of the jeunes loups "young wolves" of French politics, but he was faced with the hostility of the "Barons of Gaullism" who considered him a traitor for his role during the previous presidential campaign. As prime minister, Chirac quickly set about persuading the Gaullists that, despite the social reforms proposed by President Giscard, the basic tenets of Gaullism, such as national and European independence, would be retained.

These two organised the campaign against Chaban-Delmas in They advocated a clash with Giscard d'Estaing because they thought his policy bewildered the conservative electorate. Citing Giscard's unwillingness to give him authority, Chirac resigned as Prime Minister in Chirac's first tenure as prime minister was also an arguably progressive one, with improvements in both the minimum wage and the social welfare system carried out during the course of his premiership.

After his departure from the cabinet, Chirac wanted to gain the leadership of the political right, in order to gain the French presidency in the future. Paradoxically, Chirac benefited from Giscard's decision to create the office of mayor in Paris, which had been in abeyance since the Commune , because the leaders of the Third Republic — feared that having municipal control of the capital would give the mayor too much power. In , Chirac stood as a candidate against Michel d'Ornano , a close friend of the president, and he won. As mayor of Paris, Chirac's political influence grew.

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He held this post until Chirac supporters point out that, as mayor, he provided programmes to help the elderly, people with disabilities, and single mothers, and introduced the street-cleaning Motocrotte , [15] while providing incentives for businesses to stay in Paris. His opponents contend that he installed " clientelist " policies. Hospitalised in Cochin hospital after a crash, he declared that "as always about the drooping of France, the pro-foreign party acts with its peaceable and reassuring voice".

He appointed Yvan Blot , an intellectual who would later join the National Front , as director of his campaigns for the European election. Vexed Marie-France Garaud stated: Chirac made his first run for president against Giscard d'Estaing in the election , thus splitting the centre-right vote. He reluctantly supported Giscard in the second round. Giscard has always blamed Chirac for his defeat.

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He was told by Mitterrand, before his death, that the latter had dined with Chirac before the election. Chirac told the Socialist candidate that he wanted to "get rid of Giscard". In his memoirs, Giscard wrote that between the two rounds, he phoned the RPR headquarters. He passed himself off as a right-wing voter by changing his voice.

The RPR employee advised him "certainly do not vote Giscard! After the May presidential election, the right also lost the subsequent legislative election that year. However, as Giscard had been knocked out, Chirac appeared as the principal leader of the right-wing opposition. Due to his attacks against the economic policy of the Socialist government, he gradually aligned himself with prevailing economically liberal opinion, even though it did not correspond with Gaullist doctrine.

While the far-right National Front grew, taking advantage of the proportional representation electoral system which had been introduced for the legislative elections , he signed an electoral pact with the Giscardian and more or less Christian Democratic party Union for French Democracy UDF.

Jacques Chirac

This unprecedented power-sharing arrangement, known as cohabitation , gave Chirac the lead in domestic affairs. However, it is generally conceded that Mitterrand used the areas granted to the President of the Republic, or "reserved domains" of the Presidency, Defence and Foreign Affairs, to belittle his Prime Minister. Chirac's cabinet sold many public companies , renewing the liberalisation initiated under Laurent Fabius 's Socialist government of —, and abolished the solidarity tax on wealth ISF , a symbolic tax on those with high value assets introduced by Mitterrand's government.

Elsewhere, the plan for university reform plan Devaquet caused a crisis in when a student called Malik Oussekine was killed by the police, leading to massive demonstrations and the proposal's withdrawal. It has been said during other student crises that this event strongly affected Jacques Chirac, who was afterwards careful about possible police violence during such demonstrations e.

One of his first acts concerning foreign policy was to call back Jacques Foccart — , who had been de Gaulle's and his successors' leading counsellor for African matters, called by journalist Stephen Smith the "father of all "networks" on the continent, at the time [in ] aged Chirac ran against Mitterrand for a second time in the election. He obtained 20 percent of the vote in the first round, but lost the second with only 46 percent. He resigned from the cabinet and the right lost the next legislative election.

For the first time, his leadership over the RPR was challenged. On the right, a new generation of politicians, the "renovation men", accused Chirac and Giscard of being responsible for the electoral defeats. Chirac then declared that multipartism was a "kind of luxury.

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Nevertheless, the right won the legislative election. Chirac announced that he did not want to come back as prime minister, suggesting the appointment of Edouard Balladur , who had promised that he would not run for the presidency against Chirac in However, benefiting from positive polls, Balladur decided to be a presidential candidate, with the support of a majority of right-wing politicians. Balladur broke from Chirac along with a number of friends and allies, including Charles Pasqua, Nicolas Sarkozy , etc. Ultimately, he obtained more votes than Balladur in the first round Chirac was elected on a platform of tax cuts and job programmes, but his policies did little to ease the labour strikes during his first months in office.

At the year's end Chirac faced major workers' strikes which turned itself, in November—December , into a general strike , one of the largest since May There were people then who were against France arming itself, and look what happened. Elected as President of the Republic, he refused to discuss the existence of French military bases in Africa, despite requests by the Ministry of Defence and the Quai d'Orsay Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

It was not for France, therefore, to apologise for the roundup of Jews for deportation that happened while the Republic had not existed and was carried out by a state, Vichy France , which it did not recognise. I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September Chirac was the first President of France to take responsibility for the deportation of Jews during the Vichy regime. In a speech made on 16 July at the site of the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup , where 13, Jews had been held for deportation to concentration camps in July , Chirac said, "France, on that day, committed the irreparable".

Those responsible for the roundup were " policemen and gendarmes, French, under the authority of their leaders [who] obeyed the demands of the Nazis. In , Chirac dissolved parliament for early legislative elections in a gamble designed to bolster support for his conservative economic program. But instead, it created an uproar, and his power was weakened by the subsequent backlash. The Socialist Party PS , joined by other parties on the left , soundly defeated Chirac's conservative allies, forcing Chirac into a new period of cohabitation with Jospin as prime minister — , which lasted five years.

Cohabitation significantly weakened the power of Chirac's presidency. The French president, by a constitutional convention , only controls foreign and military policy— and even then, allocation of funding is under the control of Parliament and under the significant influence of the prime minister.

Short of dissolving parliament and calling for new elections, the president was left with little power to influence public policy regarding crime, the economy, and public services. Chirac seized the occasion to periodically criticise Jospin's government. Nevertheless, his position was weakened by scandals about the financing of RPR by Paris municipality.

Jean Tiberi , Chirac's successor at the Paris city hall, was forced to resign after having been put under investigations in June on charges of trafic d'influences in the HLMs of Paris affairs related to the illegal financing of the RPR. Tiberi was finally expelled from the Rally for the Republic , Chirac's party, on 12 October , declaring to the Figaro magazine on 18 November He doubled the number of presidential cars — to 61 cars and seven scooters in the Palace's garage. He has hired extra employees — the total number of the people he employed simultaneously was As the Supreme Commander of the French armed forces, he reduced the French military budget, as did his predecessor.

At the end of his first term it accounted for three percent of GDP. The possibility of a further attempt foundered after Chirac was forced into cohabitation with a Socialist-led cabinet between —, then poor Franco-American relations after the French UN veto threat over Iraq in made transatlantic negotiations impossible. The first couple were in an Air France Boeing taxiing toward the terminal when the jet had to stop and wait for Flight to take off.

The sequence of events ignited a massive fire and caused the Concorde to veer left on its takeoff roll. As it reached takeoff speed and lifted off the ground, it came within 30 feet of hitting Chirac's The now famous photograph of Flight ablaze, the only picture taken of the Concorde on fire, was snapped by passenger Toshihiko Sato on Chirac's jetliner.

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At the age of 69, Chirac faced his fourth presidential campaign in It had been expected that he would face incumbent prime minister Lionel Jospin PS in the second round of elections; instead, Chirac faced controversial far right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen of National Front FN who came in , votes ahead of Jospin. The day period between the two rounds of voting was marked by demonstrations against Le Pen and slogans such as "Vote for the crook, not for the fascist" or "Vote with a clothespin on your nose".

Chirac won re-election by a landslide, with 82 percent of the vote on the second ballot. However, Chirac became increasingly unpopular during his second term. According to a July poll, [34] 32 percent judged Chirac favourably and 63 percent unfavorably. As the left-wing Socialist Party was in thorough disarray following Jospin's defeat, Chirac reorganised politics on the right , establishing a new party — initially called the Union of the Presidential Majority, then the Union for a Popular Movement UMP.

The RPR had broken down; a number of members had formed Eurosceptic breakaways. During an official visit to Madagascar on 21 July , Chirac described the repression of the Malagasy uprising , which left between 80, and 90, dead, as "unacceptable". On 14 July , during Bastille Day celebrations, Chirac survived an assassination attempt by a lone gunman with a rifle hidden in a guitar case.

The would-be assassin fired a shot toward the presidential motorcade , before being overpowered by bystanders. Bush and Tony Blair in during the organisation and deployment of American and British forces participating in a military coalition to forcibly remove the then current government of Iraq controlled by the Ba'ath Party under the leadership of Saddam Hussein which resulted in the — Iraq War.

Despite intense British and American pressure, Chirac threatened to veto, at that given point, a resolution in the UN Security Council that would authorise the use of military force to rid Iraq of alleged weapons of mass destruction , and rallied other governments to his position. Chirac was then the target of various American and British commentators supporting the decisions of Bush and Blair. On 19 January , Chirac said that France was prepared to launch a nuclear strike against any country that sponsors a terrorist attack against French interests.

He said his country's nuclear arsenal had been reconfigured to include the ability to make a tactical strike in retaliation for terrorism. In July , the G8 met to discuss international energy concerns. Despite the rising awareness of global warming issues, the G8 focused on " energy security " issues. Chirac continued [ when? Chirac warned that "humanity is dancing on a volcano " and called for serious action by the world's leading industrialised nations.

Chirac requested the Landau-report published in September and combined with the Report of the Technical Group on Innovative Financing Mechanisms formulated upon request by the Heads of State of Brazil, Chile, France and Spain issued in December , these documents present various opportunities for innovative financing mechanisms while equally stressing the advantages stability and predictability of tax-based models.

Today the organisation executive board is chaired by Philippe Douste-Blazy. On 29 May , a referendum was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed treaty for a Constitution of the European Union TCE. The result was a victory for the No campaign, with 55 percent of voters rejecting the treaty on a turnout of 69 percent, dealing a devastating blow to Chirac and the Union for a Popular Movement UMP party, and to part of the centre-left which had supported the TCE. In an address to the nation, Chirac has declared that the new cabinet's top priority would be to curb unemployment, which was consistently hovering above 10 percent, calling for a "national mobilisation" to that effect.

Following major student protests in spring , which followed civil unrest in autumn after the death of two young boys in Clichy-sous-Bois , one of the poorest French communes located in Paris' suburbs, Chirac retracted the proposed First Employment Contract CPE by "promulgating [it] without applying it", an unheard-of — and, some claim, illegal — move intended to appease the protesters while giving the appearance of not making a volte-face regarding the contract, and therefore to continue his support for his Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin.

In early September , he suffered an event that his doctors described as a 'vascular incident'. It was reported as a 'minor stroke' [43] or a mini-stroke also known as a transient ischemic attack. In a pre-recorded television broadcast aired on 11 March , Jacques Chirac announced, in a widely predicted move, that he would not choose to seek a third term as France's president. In the constitution had been amended to reduce the length of Presidents' terms to five years, so Chirac's second term was shorter than his first.

He did not explain the reasons for his decision. Shortly after leaving office, he launched the Fondation Chirac [48] in June Since then it has been striving for peace through five advocacy programmes: It supports field projects that involve local people and provide concrete and innovative solutions. Chirac chairs the jury for the Prize for Conflict Prevention awarded every year by his foundation. As a former President, he is entitled to a lifetime pension and personal security protection, and is ex-officio a member for life of France's constitutional council.

During the Didier Schuller affair, the latter accused Hariri of having participated in illegal funding of the RPR 's political campaigns, but the judge closed the case without further investigations. In Volume 2 of his memoirs published in June , Chirac mocked his successor Nicolas Sarkozy as "irritable, rash, impetuous, disloyal, ungrateful, and un-French".

A poll conducted in suggested he was the most admired political figure in France, while Sarkozy was 32nd. On 11 April , Chirac's office announced that he had undergone successful surgery to fit a pacemaker. In January , it was reported that Chirac had been hospitalised after being attacked by his pet Maltese poodle.

According to Chirac's wife Bernadette, the dog, named Sumo, had a history of unpredictable and vicious behaviour, and had previously been medicated with antidepressants in an attempt to control it. Chirac is losing memory and suffers from a frail health. As President, he suffered a stroke in In February he was admitted to hospital because of pains related to gout. Because of Jacques Chirac's long career in visible government positions, he has often been parodied or caricatured: Young Jacques Chirac is the basis of a young, dashing bureaucrat character in the Asterix comic strip album Obelix and Co.

Jacques Chirac is a favorite character of Les Guignols de l'Info , a satiric latex puppet show. He was once portrayed as a rather likable, though overexcited, character; however, following the corruption allegations, he has been shown as a kind of dilettante and incompetent who pilfers public money and lies through his teeth.

His character for a while developed a superhero alter ego, Super Menteur "Super Liar" in order to get him out of embarrassing situations. Because of his alleged improprieties, he was lambasted in a song Chirac en prison "Chirac in prison" by French punk band Les Wampas , with a video clip made by the Guignols. At the invitation of Saddam Hussein then vice-president of Iraq , but de facto dictator , Chirac made an official visit to Baghdad in Saddam approved a deal granting French oil companies a number of privileges plus a percent share of Iraqi oil.

The Israeli Air Force alleged that the reactor's imminent commissioning was a threat to its security, and pre-emptively bombed the Osirak reactor on 7 June , provoking considerable anger from French officials and the United Nations Security Council. The Osirak deal became a controversy again in —, when an international military coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq and forcibly removed Hussein's government from power. France led several other European countries in an effort to prevent the invasion.

The Osirak deal was then used by parts of the American media to criticise the Chirac-led opposition to starting a war in Iraq , [63] despite French involvement in the Gulf War. Chirac has been named in several cases of alleged corruption that occurred during his term as mayor, some of which have led to felony convictions of some politicians and aides.

However, a controversial judicial decision in granted Chirac immunity while he was president of France. He refused to testify on these matters, arguing that it would be incompatible with his presidential functions. Thousands of people were invited each year to receptions in the Paris city hall, while many political, media and artistic personalities were hosted in private flats owned by the city.

Chirac's immunity from prosecution ended in May , when he left office as president. In November a preliminary charge of misuse of public funds was filed against him. On 7 March , he went on trial on charges of diverting public funds, accused of giving fictional city jobs to twenty-eight activists from his political party while serving as the mayor of Paris — On 15 December , Chirac was found guilty and given a suspended sentence of two years. The suspended sentence meant he did not have to go to prison, and took into account his age, health, and status as a former head of state.

During April and May , Chirac's administration was beset by a crisis as his chosen Prime Minister, Dominique de Villepin, was accused of asking Philippe Rondot , a top level French spy , for a secret investigation into Villepin's chief political rival, Nicolas Sarkozy , in This matter has been called the second Clearstream Affair. The page typewritten work, supervised by Professor Jean Chardonnet, is illustrated by photographs, sketches and diagrams.

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Member of the Constitutional Council of France: Member of European Parliament: Elected in , reelected in , , , , , , March—April became Secretary of State in April , reelected in , , but he remained a minister in — became Prime Minister in , —95 resigned to become President of the French Republic in Je persiste et signe. J'ai un entretien avec le colonel qui commande l'ensemble du barrage. Les Finances nous ont fait savoir qu'elles ne donneraient rien. Le barrage se maintient, entretenant le contentieux financier jusqu'en Les bruits les plus contradictoires circulent dans les milieux politiques.

Un certain malaise s'y ressent. Ces changements majeurs d'orientation ont des incidences sur la vie politique de Djibouti. La fronde parlementaire s'affiche alors ouvertement: Le ministre Olivier Stirn rejette cet argument: Une nouvelle synergie prend forme. Toujours est-il que la religion de Giscard est faite.