The Sum of the Satisfactions: Canada in the Age of National Accounting

Graduating from upper secondary education has become increasingly important in all countries, as the skills needed in the labour market are becoming more knowledge-based. High-school graduation rates therefore provide a good indication of whether a country is preparing its students to meet the minimum requirements of the job market. But graduation rates, while important, speak little to the quality of education received.

In , PISA focused on examining students' reading ability, skills in maths and level in sciences, as research shows that these skills are more reliable predictors of economic and social well-being than the number of years spent in school. The best-performing school systems manage to provide high-quality education to all students. Supporting disadvantaged students Canadian students perform well despite their socio-economic status, first language or whether they are native Canadians or recent immigrants.

Targeted programmes have been successful supporting vulnerable populations attain higher levels of education. For example, the Pathways to Education Program helps youth from underprivileged communities complete secondary education. Parents, community agencies, volunteers, local school boards and secondary schools work collaboratively to provide four main types of support: By , the programme expanded to an additional 12 neighbourhoods, including Aboriginal communities.

Other positive results include reduced absenteeism rates, increased representation in the academic stream, and higher graduation and postsecondary education rates. The quality of our local living environment has a direct impact on our health and well-being. Outdoor air pollution is one important environmental issue that directly affects the quality of people's lives.

Air pollution in urban centres, often caused by transport and the use of small-scale burning of wood or coal, is linked to a range of health problems, from minor eye irritation to upper respiratory symptoms in the short-term and chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer in the long-term.

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Children and the elderly may be particularly vulnerable. Access to clean water is fundamental to human well-being. Despite significant progress in OECD countries in reducing water pollution, improvements in freshwater quality are not always easy to discern. Ontario's Great Lakes Strategy responds to public concerns about the deteriorating condition of the Great Lakes ecosystems. Stakeholders can influence the development of legally enforceable policies through this involvement with advisory committees. This engagement process has been a good mechanism to set policy direction and implement solutions to complex environmental challenges.

Federal government regulations took effect on 1 July , requiring that new coal-fired power plants, and existing coal-fired generation units nearing the end of their useful life, bring emissions intensity below the level of a natural gas combined cycle plant.

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Existing "end of life" coal units must either be shut down or retrofitted with carbon capture and storage CCS. The year lifetime allowed under this regulation is somewhat long; the government expects the regulation to force closure of 20 coal units by , but 16 of these shutdowns would occur after If a shorter lifetime were applied this type of policy could be used to drive accelerated "unlocking" of existing coal-fired generation assets e.

Ontario completed a phase out of coal-fired electricity generation in April, , shutting down three coal-fired generation stations Lakeview, Nanticoke and Lambton and converting two others to biomass Atikokan and Thunder Bay. In the province of Alberta announced a phase-out of coal-fired generation by , although under the federal regulations six of the 18 affected coal units could have continued operating beyond Beyond their climate benefits, these phase-outs of coal-fired electricity generation will yield positive impacts on air quality and health.

Trust in government is essential for social cohesion and well-being.

1. CANADA’S NHI – OVERVIEW, ORIGINS AND HISTORY

High voter turnout is a measure of citizens' participation in the political process. Broader public engagement in the decision-making process is also important for holding the government to account and maintaining confidence in public institutions. The formal process for public engagement in developing laws and regulations is one way to measure the extent to which people can become involved in government decisions on key issues that affect their lives.

In Canada, the level of stakeholder engagement in developing regulations is 3. Over 34 federal departments and agencies, the 13 provincial and territorial governments and more than municipalities participate in BizPaL. This project receives an annual budget of CAD 3 million, which enables an ongoing improvement of the service.

Through BizPaL, entrepreneurs and small business owners can identify which permits and licences they need and how to obtain them by selecting the business activities and geographical location of choice. BizPaL automatically generates a list of all required permits and licences from all levels of government, along with basic information on each with links to the specific government sites where the entrepreneur can learn more and, in some cases, apply online.

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In developing the BizPaL service, the federal government Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, ISED has been responsible for securing the participation of all levels of government, which have been responsible for securing the participation of municipal governments. ISED manages the project centrally, but each jurisdiction is responsible for maintaining its own data within the system.

Most OECD countries have enjoyed large gains in life expectancy over the past decades, thanks to improvements in living conditions, public health interventions and progress in medical care. Life expectancy at birth in Canada stands at close to 82 years , two years above the OECD average of 80 years. Higher life expectancy is generally associated with higher health care spending per person, although many other factors have an impact on life expectancy such as living standards, lifestyles, education and environmental factors.

When asked, "How is your health in general? Despite the subjective nature of this question, answers have been found to be a good predictor of people's future health care use.

Gender, age and social status may affect answers to this question. In Ontario, Canada's largest province in size of population, the government monitors the quality of long-term care LTC. They look at accessibility, effectiveness, safety, and resource appropriateness. Access is measured through length of time waiting for nursing-home placement and the percentage of those who are placed in their first-choice LTC home. Effectiveness is monitored by a set of health outcome indicators such as the percentage of LTC recipients with worsening symptoms of depression.

Safety is presented by the number of LTC recipients prescribed a drug that should be avoided, and the percentage of LTC recipients started on certain drugs such as antipsychotics without clear reason. Resource appropriateness is measured by the expenditure as a percentage of GDP. Health Canada launched a public consultation to develop guidelines that effectively meet the needs of Canadians. Health Canada used Twitter to facilitate consultations and find out more about what Canadians need when seeking information about drug safety.

From this, the new Guide to New Authorities set out standards, policies and principles to support the implementation of the Act.

Happiness or subjective well-being can be measured in terms of life satisfaction, the presence of positive experiences and feelings, and the absence of negative experiences and feelings. Such measures, while subjective, are a useful complement to objective data to compare the quality of life across countries. Life satisfaction measures how people evaluate their life as a whole rather than their current feelings. It also allows for the monitoring of child development from birth through to adolescence by providing a snapshot at the time of school entry.

The results are presented as average scores in five key domains of early childhood development: They also take the percentage of children vulnerable to academic and developmental challenges at school entry on each domain and overall. In Canada, the EDI has been used for the past decade, collecting data for over 1 million children in 10 provinces and 2 territories. The results from the collected data steer policy and programming to focus on areas where children need the most support, helping children achieve the best outcomes possible.

EDI results are also being integrated with geographic information system mapping technology, socio-economic data, and linked to health and education datasets at local and provincial levels for further study. Personal security is a core element for the well-being of individuals. Do you feel safe out walking, alone at night, for example? Finding a suitable balance between work and life is a challenge for all workers, especially working parents. The ability to successfully combine work, family commitments and personal life is important for the well-being of all members in a household.

Governments can help to address the issue by encouraging supportive and flexible working practices, making it easier for parents to strike a better balance between work and home life. An important aspect of work-life balance is the amount of time a person spends at work. Evidence suggests that long work hours may impair personal health, jeopardise safety and increase stress.

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The more people work, the less time they have to spend on other activities, such as time with others, leisure activities, eating or sleeping. The amount and quality of leisure time is important for people's overall well-being, and can bring additional physical and mental health benefits. Ontario, Canada has invested heavily in providing early childhood education on a province wide basis by establishing full day kindergarten for four and five year old children. In September , Ontario began phasing in the Full-Day Kindergarten Programme, with full implementation in all schools by September The schools day runs from 9: Four- and five-year-olds will learn under the guidance of a teacher and an early childhood educator.

This will make it easier for parents to get to and from work and will ensure their children have an integrated learning programme for the whole day. Canada Learn even more about Canada at oecd. Personal finance journalist Host of the podcast Speech Bubble. This page contains Canadian consumer credit and debt statistics -- including statistics on credit card debt, credit card delinquencies, credit scores, debit cards, prepaid cards, bankruptcies and more -- compiled by a CreditCards.

Consumer bankruptcy filings in Business bankruptcy filings in Consumer proposals to avoid bankruptcy in Total cumulative liabilities at the time of bankruptcy across Canada: Total cumulative liabilities at the time of consumer proposal across Canada: Canadian adult credit card holders carrying cards without an annual fee: Canadian adult credit card holders carrying annual-fee cards: Average number of credit cards per Canadian adult: This number remained stable from Minimum age for Canadian primary or secondary cardholders: Visa and Mastercard credit cards in circulation in Canada as of October In , more than 95 per cent of credit cards in Canada supported contactless payments, and Canada's major banks have migrated more than 40 per cent of their debit cards to contactless.

Canadian credit card, debit card and debt statistics

In , approximately 40 per cent of merchant point-of-sale devices are contactless payment enabled. Credit cards without annual fees offered by Canada's six largest banks in Visa and Mastercard principal issuers including Canada's six largest banks: Consumer spending across Canada rose by 4. Relative to , spending on credit cards increased by 6. Spending on debit cards rose 1. In Q3 , U. Credit card debt accounted for approximately 5 per cent of total household debt as of December Credit card delinquencies 90 days past due were at 2.

According to a December survey, 56 per cent of Canadians claimed to repay their monthly card balances in full down from 60 per cent in while 40 per cent carrying balances down from 48 per cent in said they pay much more than the minimum requirement; 16 per cent of Canadians who don't pay off their balances every month pay it off most months up from 15 per cent in Canadians with credit scores from average risk rating: Canadians with credit scores below extreme risk rating: Age group with highest percentage of Canadians with credit scores and above: Age group with highest percentage of Canadians with credit scores below As of , 56 per cent of Canadians had never checked their credit score and only 14 per cent checked it once a year.

Of these, were complaints regarding credit cards, down Total consumer debt in Canada including mortgages as of September