Saga Quinox. La historia que inspiró la saga (Spanish Edition)

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Posted by Gina Souto at 1: Links to this post Email This BlogThis! American heroes , Barak Obama , children's books resources , children's literature , citizenship , primary education , reading , schools , teachers. Tuesday, March 29, Schools: Alice in Wonderland has had a remarkable run. Alice in Wonderland video game. Alice and the White Rabbit before they fall down the rabbit hole https: Attwell first published this edition of Alice in Wo nderland at the beginning of her career in Well, we all know the kindergarten adaptation by Walt Disney!

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You still have the time. The exhibition Alice in Wonderland will be open until Sunday 17 April Posted by Gina Souto at Friday, March 25, Education: Talking about Daylight Saving Time. We will use this analysis to evaluate the the Mimbres region.

Such figures also occur in likelihood that these symbols and related ritual Mimbres rock art Rice ; Schaafsma procedures came north to the Mimbres region We note that present-day interpretations of Mim- Classic Mimbres Black-on-white pottery stands bres images may not be related to how ancient out from other contemporary pottery and indeed people in the Mimbres region understood those from much of the later pottery in the southwestern pictures. However, we make the case that we can United States and northwestern Mexico because of indeed recognize episodes and characters from the the high proportion of representational animal and Hero Twins saga in the paintings.

What those human designs Figure 2. Figure from a Classic Mimbres Black-on-white Figure 4. The elder masculine twin bowl depicting the Hero Twins and an anthropomorphized on the right is larger and wears a male sash tied in front. The elder right-handed twin is on the left, distin- His right arm is larger, denoting his right-handedness. The guished by larger body size and a larger, presumably right younger effeminate twin on the left is smaller, wears a arm. The younger left-handed twin is on the right and is white shift and a female sash with fringe at the back.

Treasure Hill site; Brody The propor- for side by side illustrations of the rabbit in the tion of representational images exploded in the moon, Mimbres and Maya rabbits, the younger Tuesday, January 14, 3: We younger twin, and twinned fish. The specificity of the percent 19 of of Boldface Black-on-white, images on these bowls should suffice to show that 13 percent of Transitional of , and 38 these are paintings of the Hero Twins.

On MA, percent of Classic of are representa- the elder twin is on the right, and he is slightly tional. This almost certainly denotes the increas- larger and has a larger right arm. He wears a male ing importance of painting and displaying repre- sash tied in front that distinguishes him from his sentational images. Figure 16 Identifying the Hero Twins. In prehistoric me- and MA Brody The dia from various cultures and time periods, in- younger twin, on the left, is a bit smaller, has a cluding the historic Popol Vuh, it is apparent that larger left arm, and is wearing a string apron, the older twin is depicted as larger than the which Munson Al- pictured on Mimbres bowls wear.

In addition to though the sun and deer symbolize him, deer and the string apron, the younger twin wears a shift in- pronghorns often denote both twins, since these dicative of female attire. The younger twin is The Hero Twins as Fish. In MA Figure smaller, left-handed, often has a feminine guise, 4 , the elder twin is shown as larger and with a and the moon and rabbits are his symbols. He is larger right arm, while the younger twin is smaller often shown facing left, as are many rabbits, in- with a larger left arm.

The large an- thropomorphized catfish in this scene refers to the fishmen episode of that saga. Figure from a Classic Mimbres Black-on-white were seen in the water In this episode, the twins as cat- fish are transformed into vagabonds, and this is likely what is depicted on this bowl. Thus, not only does MA show the Hero Twins with some of their appropriate characteristics, but it also por- trays part of the Hero Twins saga. In the Hero Twins saga, Seven Macaw is a giant monster. In Mimbres iconogra- Tuesday, January 14, 3: He tears off the left arm of the elder twin in a failed attempt to kill him.

Subsequently, the Figure 6. Mattocks site; Brody To demonstrate that Seven Macaw and the in- cident involving the severed arm are depicted on Mimbres Classic bowls Thompson Classic Mimbres bowls MA; Figure 7 also show the interaction between Seven Macaw depicted as a bear and a human figure that is likely Figure 7. There is lit- tle subtlety here. In others, he appears as a large, white the first son of Seven Macaw, is depicted in two being with a globular body in the bottom of a contexts in Classic Mimbres bowls.

In one hole MA; Figure 9. A Hero Twins Narrative. In terms of the images representing the Hero Twins saga, the narrative and reiterative qualities of the scenes on some Society for American Archaeology - American Antiquity and Latin American Antiquity Mimbres bowls are astounding. Many of these motifs can be ordered to follow the narrative se- quence of the Hero Twins saga from their birth, through their various exploits, and to their death Figure 8.

Figure from a Classic Mimbres Black-on-white and reincarnations as the sun and the moon bowl showing Zipakna moving mountains MA; Swarts site; Cosgrove and Cosgrove Although we have examined specific images above, we now consider a narrative painting com- bining several images, because this again depicts specifics of the Hero Twins saga. One vessel MA; Figure 10 is emblematic of this style of narrative painting. Here, the center of the bowl is dominated by the elder, larger, right-handed twin.

His right hand grasps a linear element at- tached to the head of a deer, symbolizing through analogy his association and role with the mascu- line avatar of the sun. In his left hand he holds a Figure 9. These also identify him as one of the Hero IP Address: Additionally, this twin wears a headdress comprised of the neck and head of the Bird of Doom with a four-legged fish at its throat.

This Bird of Doom icon is not described in the Popol Vuh, but it is illustrated on Maya, Mimbres, and Hohokam ceramics and in other and later media between the fifth and the twelfth centuries Thompson The chimeric Bird of Doom Thompson consumes souls of the dead, represented by fish in the watery Underworld. The avian headdress on the elder twin is similar to those depicted on ancient Maya ballplayers e.

The elder, larger, right- handed twin holds his avatar, the deer, in his right hand Figures 87, , Be- and wears a headdress composed of the neck and head of low the feet of the elder twin are the heads of sim- the Bird of Doom, with a fish at its throat. He stands on ilar but not identical pronghorns, symbols of the two antelopes, which are symbols of the twins.

The younger, small, left-handed twin holds his avatar, the rab- twins. At the end of his left arm is the head of a rabbit, em- quiver of animal hide. His right hand markings are similar to, but distinct from, those on grasps the apparent stubs of hind legs on the the elder twin.

It nal Hero Twins appear to be in celestial flight. The ; Thompson a , although certainly the younger twin follows the elder twin as night fol- symbols may not have represented the same ideas lows day, moon follows sun, and death follows or ideologies in all places. Above all, they personify divine dualities: Although images on Boldface Black-on-white male and female, right and left, light and dark, pottery include Knife-wing icons Thompson large and small. These are not dichotomous nu- b , duality, and Venus glyphs, there is little mina, but instead they combine balanced halves of specific to the Hero Twins saga.

For example, of a whole. There to, and at what point in the narrative sequence the are also two bowls with quadrupeds MA twins are represented. Based on this scene, it ap- and that may be pronghorn or deer. The best pears the twins have defeated death, represented dates for this pottery may overlap with the pres- metaphorically by the Bird of Doom headdress, ence of the thick-billed parrot at the Cameron and they are about to achieve their apotheosis as the Creek site, although the parrot was associated sun and moon, symbolized by the deer and rabbit with an earlier Mogollon Red-on-brown bowl.

Taken together, the elements, icons, and mo- Sometime in the range of A. The shared im- least one brightly colored bird, had changed their agery from the Hero Twins saga we examined pottery paint colors to black-on-white perhaps above is different from the images that may form for maximum design visibility , and were using IP Address: From as early as perhaps A. For example, Venus glyphs Thomp- ences to the Hero Twins. If the latter is correct, it would make the birds and which consume souls of the dead Fig- sample of rabbit bowls only two, but if it is not a ure 10 , were common to all three areas Thomp- forgery, then it could also be classified as Classic.

The Knife-wing icon, which is a bird Unlike these two, the one certain Transitional rab- figure with extended wings, wings or wing feath- bit bowl MA has only one rabbit accompa- ers depicted as knives, a body in ventral-facing po- nied by Knife-wing. There are almost 30 depic- sition, and, often, anthropomorphic features, is tions of Knife-wing and three possible Venus represented in both Mesoamerica and the South- glyphs, although we did not search all Transi- west Kelley ; Thompson b.

Just these tional bowls for the latter. Aside from twinned few images suggest that common symbols were in fish, there is little on Transitional bowls that could place by the time people in the Mimbres region be- represent the Hero Twins saga. The narra- macaws, and that the practical and esoteric knowl- tive quality of the images also increased, and we edge necessary for the care and ritual use of can associate many with characters and episodes macaws accompanied them north. In this section, from the Hero Twins saga.

As people in the Mim- we first discuss macaws and their care to show that Society for American Archaeology - American Antiquity and Latin American Antiquity bres region wanted and found better access to the presence of scarlet macaws in the Mimbres re- scarlet macaws, we posit that they started ma- gion was not likely the result of down-the-line nipulating the accompanying symbols and rituals trade. Then, we consider a model of religious to form a new or at least an expanded version of quests that would account for the presence of scar- their religion.

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Our examination of the representational im- Macaws and Their Care. In the northern hemi- ages from Boldface, Transitional, and Classic pot- sphere, scarlet and military macaws breed in early tery suggests that images on the earlier two pottery spring. They nest in tree hollows and lay one to types were mostly those shared across wide re- four eggs in March and one or more hatch in early gions of the Southwest and Mesoamerica.

Newly hatched macaws are defenseless, earliest images of the Hero Twins may be seen and juvenile macaws usually stay with their par- during the time that Transitional designs were ents for at least two years. These parrots are fairly painted A. Representa- easy to breed and raise in captivity, although new- tional painting and the Hero Twins icons and nar- borns must be fed about one cc of food 16 times ratives are all far more common on Classic Mim- a day.

In captivity, it is practical for Tuesday, January 14, 3: Hand- the care instructions and rituals that accompanied fed hatchlings have lower body weight than those IP Address: The paintings that are unmis- when they are being hand fed. Young macaws tend to form the Classic period. The latter may never ac- commodate humans, and they can become very How did Mesoamerican macaws, ideology, and aggressive Greiser At four months of the Hero Twins mythology reach the Mimbres re- age, immature birds can eat about 35 cc once a gion of southwestern New Mexico?

Due to the ap- day. Between six and eight months, the birds can parent difficulties of transporting young macaws, fly and perch. The care and nurturing of juve- these birds were moved. We know virtually noth- Society for American Archaeology - American Antiquity and Latin American Antiquity nile scarlet macaws would have been a burden of ing of how the macaws came north, except for one responsibility requiring specialized knowledge, tantalizing bit of information.

DNA analysis of two training, and experience, especially for trans- women from the NAN Ranch site in the Mimbres portation away from their natural environment. The burial of the second As noted above, people in intermediate areas woman is between A. People from the Mimbres region could later, which is the very late end of the Classic. That have obtained such birds, but prehistoric evidence is, the women were not contemporaries, and their for this does not exist at present.

It also suggests that people in virtually no evidence of macaw husbandry in the the Mimbres region hosted these women from far Tuesday, January 14, 3: If people transported that the women came north with people from the IP Address: Scarlet macaws, brilliantly colored birds places. These women came from northern Mexico, from a distant place, fit well into the sort of item though, and not from the Gulf Coast, the homeland that Helms suggests people sought on their of the scarlet macaws, and so they may not have journeys to faraway lands.

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The macaws would been involved with the movement of the macaws. Follow- gender roles as depicted on Classic Mimbres ing Carr Although we cannot demonstrate that the esoteric knowledge accompanying the par- the two are directly related, we speculate that the rots. She raises birds; she plucks them. We propose here that the such trips and the religious knowledge that ac- macaws were part of religious quests and the re- companied their use or possession of macaws?

Following Helms power would be a reason to make such trips and , people may have been seeking esoteric to obtain items like scarlet macaws. In the that some people there made trips to gain religious process of obtaining the scarlet macaws for trans- power. For example, scarlet macaws are present at port, they gained practical and esoteric knowl- some sites but not others that have been equally edge necessary to care for the macaws. The two and thoroughly excavated Creel and McKusick were possibly part of the same whole.

As an aside, When provenience is known Galaz, we point out that this model solves the problem of Cameron Creek, and Old Town , the macaw buri- what was traded in return for the macaws, be- als are all in the northern part of the sites Creel Tuesday, January 14, 3: As well, not everyone painted macaws on snake dance and a Snake Maiden wife. The snake bowls, and not everyone had the practical and rit- dance is an important rain-making ceremony, and ual knowledge to handle macaws. Important for Summary and Implications our argument, Tiyo obtained religious preroga- tives from a distant place, perhaps even more dis- The iconography on Classic period pottery is tant than we are proposing, and brought them unique, and the Mimbres region is the only place in home to be incorporated into local religious prac- the southwestern United States prior to the mid- tices.

In other words, the Hopi recognize the im- A.

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The change in, or perhaps ad- home a ceremony that they incorporated into their dition to, the Great Kiva religion was abrupt, unique religion, rituals, and culture. During the Mimbres Classic period, the society sonal agency in such a situation. That is, someone was insular Minnis , much more so than dur- went to the Gulf Coast of Mexico, or someone ing preclassic and postclassic times. This was per- from the Gulf Coast traveled to Mimbres, bring- haps the result of people in the region suddenly in- ing macaws, ideology, and ritual.

What might peo- corporating a unique aspect of religion. Clearly, though, people in the Based on the data and interpretations presented Society for American Archaeology - American Antiquity and Latin American Antiquity Mimbres region made the new ritual economy fit here, acquisition of specialized precious goods their needs and wishes in that not all symbols on and ideological concepts may have been the goal Mimbres bowls are apparently Mesoamerican, Carr In and the style in which the narrative imagery is de- addition, if people from the Mimbres region or picted is clearly Mimbres.

This may speak to ways in which reli- ligious practices and ultimately horticultural suc- gion might change in non-hierarchical societies cess. While it is possible that people from the and how and why people incorporate foreign ele- Huasteca region came north with the macaws ments into local settings. That is, such a situation and practical and ritual knowledge, it is unclear may not require many new people or even many what they would have gained from such a dan- items from exotic settings, but instead the local Tuesday, January 14, 3: The advantages to people from the people may act to obtain the goods and esoteric Mimbres region are more obvious— ritual power knowledge that they perceive as useful or neces- and the accompanying social standing, and bet- sary.

Therefore, there should be and is in the IP Address: Thus, in terms of contexts other than the Clas- Some, such as Helms , have suggested sic Mimbres period, we note that what might ap- that people in search of ritual and political stand- pear to be trade is, rather, the long-distance ac- ing in chiefdoms made long distance trips for quisition of exotic goods and knowledge likely for these reasons, and she indicates that people in the purposes of those doing the obtaining. This is less complexly organized groups may have done a far cry from trade or influence, and it casts the the same. The Mimbres case supports her argu- interactions between people in the Southwest and ment for the latter.

Along with the other possibilities that we Gilpin, Steven LeBlanc, Paul Minnis, Jill Neitzel, Carroll Ri- have cited regarding the role of women, this ley, Harry Shafer, David Wilcox, and an anonymous reviewer who improved the quality of our thinking and presentation, makes us wonder whether Mimbres women, per- and we are grateful that Jill Neitzel brought to our attention a haps in the company of men, made these macaw Mimbres parrot image that was unknown to us. We also thank trips. Anderson translators Florentine Codex: Rinaldo, and Gloria J.

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Lowell Press, Kansas City, 1— Raintree Publications, Fort Bragg, California. Burials in the SW United States. A Prehistoric Mimbres Village in chaeology