Building Playgrounds, Engaging Communities: Creating Safe and Happy Places for Children
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Books by Marybeth Lima. Trivia About Building Playgrou No trivia or quizzes yet. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. These include the Biffa Award, which provides funding under the Small Grants Scheme; Funding Central, which offers support for voluntary organisations and social enterprises; and the Community Construction Fund, a flagship programme by Norfolk County Council. Safety, in the context of playgrounds, is generally understood as the prevention of injuries.
Play and Its Impact on Development of Kids
Risk aversion and fear of lawsuits on the part of the adults who design playgrounds prioritizes injury prevention above other factors, such as cost or developmental benefit to the users. Sometimes the safety of playgrounds is disputed in school or among regulators. Over at least the last twenty years, the kinds of equipment to be found in playgrounds has changed, often towards safer equipment built with plastic. For example, an older jungle gym might be constructed entirely from steel bars, while newer ones tend to have a minimal steel framework while providing a web of nylon ropes for children to climb on.
Playgrounds with equipment that children may fall off often use rubber mulch on the ground to help cushion the impact. Playgrounds are also made differently for different age groups. Often schools have a playground that is taller and more advanced for older schoolchildren and a lower playground with less risk of falling for younger children. Safety discussions do not normally include an evaluation of the unintended consequences of injury prevention, such as older children who do not exercise at the playground because the playground is too boring.
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Safety efforts sometimes paradoxically increase the likelihood and severity of injuries because of how people choose to use playground equipment. For example, older children may choose to climb on the outside of a "safe" but boring play structure, rather than using it the way the designers intended. Similarly, rather than letting young children play on playground slides by themselves, some injury-averse parents seat the children on the adult's lap and go down the slide together. Also concerning the safety of playgrounds is the material in which they are built.
Wooden playgrounds act as a more natural environment for the children to play but can cause even more minor injuries. Slivers are the main concern when building with wood material. Wet weather is also a threat to children playing on wooden structures. Most woods are treated and do not wear terribly fast, but with enough rain, wooden playgrounds can become slippery and dangerous for children to be on. These regulations are nationwide and provide a basis for safe playground installation and maintenance practices. ASTM F deals with specific requirements regarding issues such as play ground layout, use zones, and various test criteria for determining play ground safety.
ASTM F covers public use play equipment for children 6—24 months old. This information can be applied effectively only by a trained C.
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Some information sources offer interactive examples [24] of playground equipment that violates CPSC guidelines. The University of Technology Sydney is responsible for the training and accreditation of playground inspectors. European Standards EN specifies the requirements for surfaces used in playgrounds. For each material type and height of equipment it specifies a minimum depth of material required.
Annual inspectors are able to undertake the post-installation inspections recommended by EN Because the majority of playground injuries are due to falls from equipment, injury prevention efforts are primarily directed at reducing the likelihood of a child falling and reducing the likelihood of a severe injury if the child does fall. This is done by:. How effective these strategies are at preventing injuries is debated by experts, because when playgrounds are made from padded materials, children often take more risks. Each year in the United States, emergency departments treat more than , children ages 14 and younger for playground-related injuries.
From January to August , CPSC received reports of deaths to children younger than 15 that involved playground equipment. On public playgrounds, more injuries occur on climbers than on any other equipment. Playgrounds in low-income areas have more maintenance-related hazards than playgrounds in high-income areas. For example, playgrounds in low-income areas had significantly more trash, rusty play equipment, and damaged fall surfaces.
As a result of what some experts say is overprotectiveness driven by a fear of lawsuits, playgrounds have been designed to be, or at least to appear, excessively safe. The equipment limitations result in the children receiving less value from the play time. Successfully taking a risk is empowering to children. For example, a child climbing to the top of a tall jungle gym feels happy about successfully managing the challenging climb to the top, and he experiences the thrill of being in a precarious, high position. By contrast, the child on a low piece of equipment, designed to reduce the incidence of injuries from falls, experiences no such thrill, sense of mastery, or accomplishment.
Additionally, a lack of experience with heights as a child is associated with increased acrophobia fear of heights in adults. The appearance of safety encourages unreasonable risk-taking in children, who might take more reasonable risks if they correctly understood that it is possible to break a bone on the soft surfaces under most modern equipment.
Finally, the playground that is designed to appear low-risk is boring, especially to older children. Risk management is an important life skill, and risk aversion in playgrounds is unhelpful in the long term. Experts studying child development such as Tim Gill have written about the over-protective bias in provision for children, particularly with playgrounds.
Play and Its Impact on Development of Kids
Universally designed playgrounds are created to be accessible to all children. There are three primary components to a higher level of inclusive play:. Some children with disabilities or developmental differences do not interact with playgrounds in the same way as typical children. A playground designed without considering these children's needs may not be accessible or interesting to them. Most efforts at inclusive playgrounds have been aimed at accommodating wheelchair users. For example, rubber paths and ramps replace sand pits and steps, and some features are placed at ground level.
Efforts to accommodate children on the autism spectrum , who may find playgrounds overstimulating or who may have difficulty interacting with other children, have been less common. Play components may include earth shapes sculptures , environmental art, indigenous vegetation trees, shrubs, grasses, flowers, lichens, mosses , boulders or other rock structures, dirt and sand, natural fences stone, willow, wooden , textured pathways, and natural water features.
The Playground , China and some countries in Europe have playgrounds designed for adults. Playground is also used as a metaphor to describe a place for some types of play. For example, a laboratory may also be referred to as playground for a scientist. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about an area for play. For other uses, see Playground disambiguation.
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For the album by John Surman, see Adventure Playground album. This section does not cite any sources.
Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March Learn how and when to remove this template message. Cold War playground equipment. A playground under construction in Ystad Outdoor gym and Fitness trail. Archived from the original on Children at play Archived at the Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 17 July