Ayer Y Hoy (Yesterday and Today) - E-flat Instruments

Tuve un pinchazo rumbo al trabajo ayer. You need to get that flat fixed to continue the journey. Tienes que arreglar esa ponchada para continuar con el viaje. We're late because we got a flat on our way here. Llegamos tarde por culpa de una rueda desinflada en el camino.

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She has a flat for holidays in Miami. Tiene un apartamento para las vacaciones en Miami. Adrian lives in an old flat in Mexico City. You need to hold down all three keys to play the flat. Hay que apretar los tres pistones para tocar el bemol. She smoothed her blouse with the flat of her hand. I use the flat of a knife for crushing garlic. Utilizo la hoja de un cuchillo para machucar el ajo. The cast signed the back of the flats that were used in the play. Jack swam 50 yards in 24 seconds flat.

Flat in Spanish | English to Spanish Translation - SpanishDict

It took eight days flat to drive across the continent. The president flat denied any wrongdoing. You started out fine, but by the end you were singing flat. Empezaste bien, pero al final estabas cantando demasiado bajo.

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We will be walking over uneven surfaces, so we should wear flats. They have a huge collection of very stylish flats. Flats are your best choice if you like to be comfortable and fashionable. We went bird watching on the flats. Fuimos a observar las aves en las marismas.

They went to ride their bikes out on the flats. Salieron a andar en moto por los bancos de arena. We raced our cars on the flats. Corrimos con los carros por la llanura. B flat si bemol. I was hoping to impress them with my speech, but I just fell flat on my face the PR job on behalf of the RAF fell flat on its face The polling organisations fell flat on their face, too.

They got the result disastrously wrong the plot nearly fell flat on its face. I'm feeling rather flat estoy un poco deprimido the past few days have felt flat and empty. E flat major mi bemol mayor. Schubert's B Flat Piano Trio. Here are the most popular phrases with "flat. We've combined the most accurate English to Spanish translations, dictionary, verb conjugations, and Spanish to English translators into one very powerful search box.

Inaccurate Unclear Missing translations Missing conjugations Other. SpanishDict is the world's most popular Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and learning website. SpanishDict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the Spanish language. Have a suggestion, idea, or comment? Moreover, there is no telling when a fiesta will begin or end, or assurance that the better artists invited will perform well. And, if they do perform, it may not be until the morning after a fiesta that began the night before.

By contrast, the cafe cantante offered set performances at set hours and top artists were contracted to perform. For some, this professionalization led to commercialism, while for others it stimulated healthy competition and therefore, more creativity and technical proficiency.

Some of them were professionals, while others sang only at private gatherings but their songs were learned and divulged by professional singers. In the nineteenth century, both flamenco and its association with Gypsies started to become popular throughout Europe, even into Russia. Composers wrote music and operas on what they thought were Gypsy-flamenco themes.

Spain—often to the chagrin of non-Andalucian Spaniards—became associated with flamenco and Gypsies. This interest was in keeping with the European fascination with folklore during those decades. Two of Lorca's most important poetic works, Poema del Cante Jondo and Romancero Gitano, show Lorca's fascination with flamenco and appreciation of Spanish folk culture.

This led to an immense popularity of flamenco but, according to traditionalist critics, also caused it to fall victim to commercialism and economic interests. New types of flamenco shows were born, where flamenco was mixed with other music genres and theatre interludes portraying picturesque scenes by Gitanos and Andalusians. Personal fandangos were based on Huelva traditional styles with a free rhythm as a cante libre and with a high density of virtuouso variations.

Owing to its links with flamenco shows, many people consider this genre as "flamenco.

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The leading artist at the time was Pepe Marchena, who sang in a sweet falsetto voice, using spectacular vocal runs reminding the listener of bel canto coloratura. A whole generation of singers was influenced by him and some of them, like Pepe Pinto, or Juan Valderrama also reached immense celebrity. The rest adapted though often did not completely surrender to the new tastes: This period has been considered by the most traditionalist critics as a time of complete commercial debasement.

Other critics consider this view to be unbalanced [4]: Whereas, in Western music, only the major and minor modes have remained, flamenco has also preserved the Phrygian mode, commonly "Dorian mode" by flamencologists, referring to the Greek Dorian mode, and sometimes also "flamenco mode.

The rest of the article, however, will use the term "Phrygian" to refer to this mode, as it is the most common denomination in English speaking countries. G sharp is compulsory for the tonic chord. When playing in Phrygian mode, guitarists traditionally use only two basic positions for the tonic chord music: However, they often transport these basic tones by using a capo.

Montoya and his nephew Carlos Montoya started to use other chords for the tonic in the doric sections of several palos: Later guitarists have further extended the repertoire of tonalities , chord positions and scordatura.

Sheet Music / Music Scores

In general, traditional palos in major and minor mode are limited harmonically to the typical two-chord tonic—dominant or three-chord structure tonic—subdominant—dominant Rossy However, modern guitarists have increased the traditional harmony by introducing chord substitution, transition chords, and even modulation. Fandangos and the palos derived from it e.

Guitar introductions are in Phrygian mode, while the singing develops in major mode, modulating to Phrygian mode at the end of the stanza. Traditionally, flamenco guitarists did not receive any formal training, so they just relied on their ear to find the chords on the guitar, disregarding the rules of Western classical music. This led them to interesting harmonic findings, with unusual unresolved dissonances [9] Examples of this are the use of minor ninth chords for the tonic, the tonic chord of tarantas, or the use of the first unpressed string as a kind of pedal tone.

Dionisio Preciado, quoted by Sabas de Hoces [10] established the following characteristics for the melodies of flamenco singing:. In flamenco, besides having these meanings, it also refers to the rhythmic cycle, or layout, of a palo or flamenco style. In this way, flamenco is similar to jazz or blues where performers seem to simply 'feel' the rhythm. Flamenco uses three basic counts or measures: Binary, Ternary and the unique to flamenco twelve-beat cycle which is difficult to confine within the classical measure.

There are three types of these, which vary in their layouts, or use of accentuations: The guitar also has an important function, using techniques like strumming rasgueado or tapping the soundboard. Changes of chords also emphasize the most important downbeats.

Books / Theory

When a dancers are present, they use their feet as a percussion instrument. Flamenco is expressed through the toque —the playing of the flamenco guitar, the cante singing , and the baile dancing. The flamenco guitar and the very similar classical guitar is a descendent from the lute. The first guitars are thought to have originated in Spain in the fifteenth century. The traditional flamenco guitar is made of Spanish cypress and spruce , and is lighter in weight and a bit smaller than a classical guitar, to give the output a 'sharper' sound.

The flamenco guitar, in contrast to the classical, is also equipped with a barrier, called a golpeador. This is often plastic, similar to a pick guard, and protects the body of the guitar from the rhythmic finger taps, called golpes. The flamenco guitar is also used in several different ways from the classical guitar, including different strumming patterns and styles, as well as the use of a capo in many circumstances. Foreigners often think that the essence of flamenco is the dance.

However, the heart of flamenco is the song cante. Although to the uninitiated, flamenco seems totally extemporaneous, these cantes songs and bailes dances follow strict musical and poetic rules. The verses coplas of these songs often are beautiful and concise poems, and the style of the flamenco copla was often imitated by Andalucian poets. Garcia Lorca is perhaps the best known of these poets. In the s he, along with the composer Manuel de Falla and other intellectuals, crusaded to raise the status of flamenco as an art form and preserve its purity.

But the future of flamenco is uncertain. Flamenco is tied to the conditions and culture of Andalusia in the past, and as Spain modernizes and integrates into the European community, it is questionable whether flamenco can survive the social and economic changes. Cante flamenco can be categorized in a number of ways.

First, a cante may be categorized according to whether it follows a strict rhythmic pattern "compas" or follows a free rhythm "libre". The cantes with compas fit one of four compas patterns. These compas-types are generally known by the name of the most important cante of the group. The solea group includes the cantes: El baile flamenco is a highly-expressive solo dance, known for its emotional sweeping of the arms and rhythmic stomping of the feet.

While flamenco dancers bailaors and bailaoras invest a considerable amount of study and practice into their art form, the dances are not choreographed, but are improvised along the palo or rhythm. In addition to the percussion provided by the heels and balls of the feet striking the floor, castanets are sometimes held in the hands and clicked together rapidly to the rhythm of the music. Sometimes, folding fans are used for visual effect.

SOAS Research Online

Flamenco music styles are called palos in Spanish. There are over 50 different palos flamenco, although some of them are rarely performed. A palo can be defined as musical form of flamenco. Flamenco songs are classified into palos based on several musical and non-musical criteria such as its basic rhythmic pattern, mode , chord progression, form of the stanza, or geographic origin.

To really understand the different palos, it is also important to understand their musical and cultural context:. Some of the forms are sung unaccompanied, while others usually have a guitar and sometimes other accompaniment. Some forms are danced while others traditionally are not. Amongst both the songs and the dances, some are traditionally the reserve of men and others of women, while still others could be performed by either sex. Many of these traditional distinctions are now breaking down; for example, the Farruca is traditionally a man's dance, but is now commonly performed by women, too.

Many flamenco artists, including some considered to be among the greatest, have specialized in a single flamenco form. The classification of flamenco palos is not entirely uncontentious, but a common traditional classification is into three groups. The deepest, most serious forms are known as cante jondo or cante grande , while relatively light, frivolous forms are called cante chico.

Other non-musical considerations often factor into this classification, such as whether the origin of the palo is considered to be Gypsy or not. Forms which do not fit into either category but lie somewhere between them are classified as cante intermedio. However, there is no general agreement on how to classify each palo. Many flamenco fans tend to disregard this classification as highly subjective, or else they considered that, whatever makes a song cante grande is not the song itself but the depth of the interpreter.

Flamenco occurs in two types of settings. The first, the juerga is an informal gathering where people are free to join in creating music. This can include dancing, singing, palmas hand clapping , or simply pounding in rhythm on an old orange crate or a table. Flamenco, in this context, is very dynamic: One tradition remains firmly in place: The professional concert is more formal and organized.

The traditional singing performance has only a singer and one guitar, while a dancing performance usually included two or three guitars, one or more singers singing in turns, as in traditional flamenco singers always sing solo , and one or more dancers. A great number of flamenco artists are not capable of performing in both settings at the same level. There are still many artists, and some of them with a good level, who only perform in juergas, or at most in private parties with a small audience. As to their training in the art, traditional flamenco artists never received any formal training: Since the appearance of recordings, though, they have relied more and more on audiovisual materials to learn from other famous artists.

Nowadays, dancers and guitarists and sometimes even singers take lessons in schools or in short courses organized by famous performers. Some guitarists can even read music or learn from teachers in others styles like classical guitar or jazz, and many dancers take courses in contemporary dance or Classical Spanish ballet.

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