Arnold: The Early Years (The Unauthorized Biography)

Arnold: an unauthorized biography by Wendy Leigh

Bert Dargue , and made the first two-way communication from the air to the ground, a radio station on Corregidor on December 11, Henry Post was flying this aircraft near San Diego in an attempt to establish an altitude record. As Post spiraled down below feet, the aircraft went into a vertical dive similar to Arnold's and crashed into San Diego Bay, killing him.

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Hennessy , p. Although Arnold often used "Beadle" in his letters to her, there is no dispute that she was habitually referred to as "Bee" by family and associates.

Cameron , p. During this period he applied to the Army for enrollment in the aeronautical engineering course at MIT but was turned down. Heimdahl and Hurley , p. Although the law establishing the Aviation Section in prohibited married officers and those over the age of 30 from being pilots, both provisions affecting Arnold, a bill rescinding the restrictions was then making its way through Congress.

Glassford, publicly asserted that the flight was unauthorized, based on Lahm's denials, but Arnold told investigators that he saw the authorization signed by Lahm, the source of Glassford's apparent retribution against him. Another interpretation of the facts, however, comes from Huston, who attributes the dispute to Arnold's perceived insubordination in participating in an immediate air search for the missing aviators after Lahm and Glassford had issued orders not to do so.

Glassford's final fitness report on Arnold characterized him as "not suited for an independent command" and "a trouble maker. However, Coffey's conclusions are those of Arnold himself, including the allegation that in compliance with the orders that no search be conducted, none occurred for six days, causing a near mutiny among the pilots including Arnold, a fact confirmed in newspaper accounts of the day. Hennessy attributes the delay "at least in part" to multiple rumors and sightings that allegedly had to be cleared up first, but does confirm that more than 30 operational aircraft sat idle at the school for six days, and that when a search was finally begun on January, only one plane took part, flown by Dargue.

Neither historian acknowledges that the United States government was at the time trying to extract itself from the embarrassing Punitive Expedition without further international incident, which was ordered on January Huston's cited source also confuses the search with a similar one ordered by Arnold in in which an immediate search did take place, making Huston's interpretation dubious.

Glassford, like most of the senior leaders in aviation, was a non-pilot with a prior association in ballooning. He reached the mandatory retirement age of 64 in April and despite war having just been declared, did not receive a waiver but was placed on the retired list. Lahm was relieved of duties at the school and sent to the balloon school in Omaha, not returning to duties involving airplanes until June In November , when Arnold was chief the Army Air Forces, Lahm reached mandatory retirement age and his subsequent request to return to duty just days later, when the United States entered World War II, was similarly rejected.

The issue of improperly awarded flying pay, which had given the Army a public black eye only a year before, also became part of the controversy when as the result of the flight, the student involved, field artillery officer Lieutenant Colonel Harry G. Bishop who was one of four senior officers being groomed as future executives in the Aviation Section , was revealed to have received the pay to which he was not entitled as a student without flying duties.

Of the four, he was the only one who subsequently was not assigned to aviation. The youngest colonel of the Air Service during the war was Edgar S. Squier placed much of the blame on him for the failures of the Signal Corps Aviation Section, which cost Squier control of the air service, describing Arnold as "inclined to be disloyal". Arnold's subsequent boss, Gen. Kenley, saw things differently and recommended Arnold for a Distinguished Service Medal , although the Squier fitness report quashed it. Haller , p. Clay , pp. Patrick himself had encouraged Arnold to lobby for support of Patrick's version of the pending Air Corps Act.

The mailing for which Patrick attempted to cashier Arnold was to all Reserve pilots encouraging them to contact their congressmen to support Patrick's version of the bill, and this embarrassing circumstance led the Chief of the Air Service to back down when Arnold called his bluff. Montgomery at the end of July , when Arnold was already eligible for retirement at half-pay.

Montgomery was president of American International Airways, a firm he had founded with financing originally intended to create Pan Am for Arnold. Warner and Donald Douglas , and began cultivating a relationship with the California Institute of Technology. The flight was the second major air expedition to Alaska. Clair Streett , for which they too earned the Mackay Trophy. Drum , a key member of the General Staff in its clashes with the Air Corps, ignored Arnold's recommendations. Calling Arnold's record "spotted," Dern nevertheless recommended him to Craig. Knerr , who had been Arnold's executive officer on the Alaska flight.

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The DFC for Arnold, coming at a time when his support for the B had become lukewarm, embittered Knerr, who continued his efforts to unseat Arnold until Andrews' death in Andrews himself took no part in the controversy. Although his relationship with Arnold remained cordial, Andrews was not reappointed as commander of GHQAF when his term expired in March and Knerr was coerced to retire at the same time. Both the B Dominator and the B resulted from this critical policy reversal, with the B ironically being the first to fly.

In January , his pique over sub rosa negotiations between the French, Morgenthau and the U. Navy over an Air Corps project the Douglas DB-7 bomber , conducted without Air Corps knowledge, led him to ill-advised public criticism of the administration before Congress after the prototype crashed during flight testing with a French Air Force observer on board.

Arnold protested loudly, claiming that the lack of aircraft needed to train itself during its expansion would "cripple the Army Air Corps. Another indication of Arnold's disfavor with the president was that his promotion to permanent brigadier general was delayed until December , which placed him fourth in seniority among those promoted from the Air Corps, behind H. Conger Pratt , Andrews, and James E. Hodges as Chief of Infantry, and William N. Porter as Chief of Chemical Warfare Service. Harms had been the Army's 37th pilot and an airman since , and the relief spelled the end of his career.

He passed through a series of "backwater" billets, the last of which was command of the 21st Bombardment Wing in Kansas, a personnel processing organization that had become a dumping ground for out-of-favor senior officers, before dying in June at the age of Huston , p. Instead of choosing the replacement himself, he allowed the imperious Douglas MacArthur to select it from a choice of three candidates. Ironically, Fickel was also one of the candidates and was himself relieved from command six months after not being selected. Beebe , who had returned to Washington to become caretaker commander of the new Continental Air Forces.

Beebe's first assignment as a newly-minted lieutenant and aviator was under Arnold with the 16th Observation Squadron at Fort Riley in Arnold had been Beebe's mentor since when the lieutenant was assigned to the 31st Bomb Squadron at March Field, often flying together and using Beebe as a junior officer on the 1st Wing staff. In October when he was named chief of the Air Corps, Arnold was told he could no longer fly himself and chose Captain Beebe as his personal pilot, a position Beebe held for the next four years, rising to colonel.

In the summer of , recalling his own disappointment at never serving overseas in World War I, Arnold approved Beebe's request for combat duty, which resulted in command of the th Bomb Group , a B unit Beebe trained and led in China with the Fourteenth Air Force. Grand Cross of the Order of Merit. From the Republic of China: Order of the Cloud and Banner with Grand Cordon. Grand Officer, Order of Boyaca. Cross of Military Merit, First Class.

Arnold Schwarzenegger Geburtshaus Museum in Thal, Austria—Amazing Unknown Destinations

Grand Cross of the Military Order of Italy. Grand Cross of the Order of Quissam Alaouite. Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Sword. Laidlaw, who had been a public relations officer with the Eighth Air Force in England and recently established his credentials as a writer collaborating on the screenplay for the film Command Decision. After , the remainder of his career was as a Field Artillery officer.

He enlisted in the Cavalry, took and passed a competitive exam for entrance to West Point, and entered the Class of in July His class was accelerated because of the war and graduated as the Class of June Because of poor eyesight he too went into the Coast Artillery Corps, becoming an antiaircraft battery commander on Okinawa by the end of the war. Bruce resolved a year resentment of his father and transferred to the United States Air Force in March David Arnold was the only son to spend his entire career in the USAF, but like his brothers, was not rated.

Retrieved 11 September Archived from the original on Gateway to Women's History. Retrieved 1 December Archived from the original on October 13, US Air Force Academy. Arnold Education Grant Program".

Air Force Aid Society. Retrieved 19 October The International Aerospace Hall of Fame. Comfortable, functional are goals" Archived at the Wayback Machine. Steve Gray, Inside AF. Air Force Print News Today. Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikisource. This page was last edited on 17 December , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Arnold between and General of the Air Force General of the Army.

Second Lieutenant , Infantry: First Lieutenant , Infantry: Colonel , Signal Corps, National Army: January 15, —Permanent Establishment: Lieutenant Colonel , Air Corps: September 22, —Permanent: Lieutenant General , Army of the United States: General , Army of the United States: General of the Army: December 21, —Permanent: World War I Victory Medal with 2 campaign stars.

American Defense Service Medal with 1 service star. In his defense, Schwarzenegger might well have won without steroids if nobody else used them either. But he wouldn't have looked as formidable for his leap into movies. His publicist Pat Kingsley said, "Arnold hasn't done steroids since they were made illegal. Bush bizarrely nominated Schwarzenegger to be the chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness. Indeed, he seemed smaller for some of his recent roles. Schwarzenegger has a nude scene in this summer's "Terminator 3," however, and he's in amazing shape for a man who recently turned He denied using a body double, saying, "I went into the mode of training as if I'm preparing for a competition again.

Anabolic steroids, artificial male hormones designed to build muscle, aren't the worst problem drug bedeviling our society, but they are abused, with lamentable health and behavioral consequences.

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According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 5 percent of male 10th graders have used anabolic steroids, some for athletics, but many just for cosmetic purposes. NIDA reports, "Anabolic steroid abuse has been associated with a wide range of adverse side effects ranging from some that are physically unattractive, such as acne and breast development in men, to others that are life threatening, such as heart attacks and liver cancer. Most are reversible if the abuser stops taking the drugs, but some are permanent. Some users are prone to what bodybuilders call "'roid rage. As described in Fussell's book "Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder," he immediately began a four-year devotion to bodybuilding that led Fussell to quit his job in publishing and move to Southern California with little besides his Schwarzenegger poster and books.

There, with the help of massive doses of steroids, he topped out at pounds of muscle. Nothing but my workouts, my growth, my meals, my injections Fussell wrote, "The reaction wasn't just physical. I found myself psychologically affected as well I needed to rule I was fueled by my own anger, which I seemed to draw from an inexhaustible source. I watched almost as a spectator as my body operated beyond my control. I wasn't just aching for a fist fight, I was begging for it.

I longed for the release. So I strutted through the city streets, a juggernaut in a do-rag, glaring and menacing anyone who met my eye The shouting matches invariably ended as soon as I discarded my shirt for battle. My opponents always fled. Schwarzenegger's impact on most young men was far less overwhelming.

An Unauthorized Biography , says Schwarzenegger plotted his political rise from an early age, using body-building and films as stepping stones to escape from a depressing home. Leigh describes Schwarzenegger as obsessed with the pursuit of power and quotes him as saying: It is here that he first began pumping iron as a boy. The modest but interesting Arnold Schwarzenegger Museum is located in the first-floor apartment where Schwarzenegger lived as a boy with his Nazi police officer-father Gustav, mother Aurelia , and stepbrother Meinhard.

Visitors can also inspect life-size statues of Schwarzenegger as he appeared in the Pumping Iron documentary and the Terminator series of movies. The museum is situated in the home where he spent some of his you and as such it is out in the rolling hills nearby Graz. A very tranquil little village and house which has now been converted in the museum. Each room has a story about a phase of his life from growing up, weightlifting, movies, politics, etc.

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Lots of photos and memorabilia completes the exhibit. The museum is worth the drive and visit to see some of the surrounding area on the way to the museum as well. Arnold was successful in America as a bodybuilder, however, he wanted more.