Elements of Dynamic Oceanography

I was probably prompted by H. It seemed as though every new idea in that field arose just in time to fill its own pigeonhole, and add a touch to a balanced picture of ocean dynamics. For some reason it was easy for me to peel every new theory of its mathematical shell and lay bare to my audience the physical gist of the matter in simple words, for indeed there is no idea that cannot be expressed in plain language without resort to formulas. I was surprised to find that my verbal descriptions of dynamic processes were perceived by my students as the most interest- ing elements in my courses of lectures.

They provided a good organiz- ing framework for understanding the basic concepts of ocean current theory. Moreover, using the same approach, I managed to impart the fundamentals of ocean dynamics to students of non-oceanographic departments and even to non-science majors.

This book is largely a review of the historical development of ideas in dynamic oceanography with emphasis on the theory of ocean currents. Starting from very simple axioms and general physical laws, models of gradually increasing complexity are presented in a descriptive concep- tual manner.

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An attempt is made to provide a link between old and new ideas. Some old concepts, such as depth ofno-motion, no longer used in oceanographic practice, are retained mainly for educational purposes. The oceanic phenomena are linked with processes in the atmosphere to show the role of currents in present and past climates, as well as in projects for climatic modification. I felt that the barrier separating me from my readers would be mainly one of vocabulary.

- Elements of Dynamic Oceanography by D. Tolmazin

Therefore I have made a point of employing as few special terms, and, of course, mathematical symbols, as I can, while trying to explain clearly as many facts as possible. The book is intended mainly for undergraduate students and new graduates taking courses in dynamic oceanography. It will probably also be useful to specialists who in some way deal with the ocean, such as meteorologists, hydrobiologists, fishermen, scientists in general, and students in many fields. An oceanographer may find of interest certain aspects of ocean dynamics that are based on Soviet literature.

In order to suit the disparate needs of this diverse readership, a mixed system of references and bibliographic citations has been used. Numer- ous references in the body of the text might discourage students, but some indication of additional reading to achieve a better understanding of the subject seemed desirable.

In view of this, the references and bibliography are presented in a number of parts. First, there are those indicating the sources ofnumeric data and graphic materials. These are followed by 'facilitated' reading for the benefit of those who, for some reason, would prefer to learn about the subject from other popular science writers.

Finally, textbooks, monographs and articles are sug- gested for those readers - and, in all modesty, I hope that there will be some of these too - who feel the urge to embark on a thorough study of the present-day science of oceanography. TOLMAZIN Acknowledgments In writing this book, I received valuable help from my colleagues at the Marine Sciences Institute, University of Connecticut, who patiently answered my questions and were of great assistance in my efforts to combine teaching with writing the book.

Thanks are also due to Mr K.

The concept originated from contacts with my friends, Soviet oceanographers with whom I had to part company forever when leav- ing Russia. I am indebted to Professor F. Banner and Dr R. I am grateful to Professor W. Pierson for encour- agement and support. Finally, lowe an immense debt of gratitude to my wife, Mace,lla, and son, Alec, who, although they have not reviewed my manuscript, are fully aware of how much this book means to me.

Ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream are wind -driven surface currents. Oceanic heat content OHC refers to the heat stored in the ocean. The changes in the ocean heat play an important role in sea level rise , because of thermal expansion. The first international organization of oceanography was created in as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean. For the scientific journal, see Oceanography journal.

For the scientific journal, see Ocean Science journal.

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List of oceanographic institutions and programs. Anoxic event — Anoxic sea water Argo oceanography Bathymetric chart Ecological Forecasting List of ocean circulation models List of seas List of submarine topographical features Marine archaeology Marine current power Marine engineering Ocean colonization Ocean engineering Oceans Act of Sea level Sea level rise. Dictionary of National Biography. Matthew Fontaine Maury, Scientist of the Sea.

Weyl, , p. Science and Engineering at The University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 28 May Retrieved 7 November Francon The Geography of the Oceans: Retrieved 1 November Carbon Emissions and Acidification". Retrieved 17 April Retrieved 15 September Archived from the original PDF on 25 June Uncovering the Mechanism" PDF.

Archived from the original PDF on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Biology Chemistry green Ecological economics Environmental design Environmental economics Environmental engineering Environmental health epidemiology Environmental studies Environmental toxicology Geodesy Physics Sustainability science Systems ecology Urban ecology. Energy conservation Environmental technology Natural resource management Pollution control Recycling Remediation Renewable energy Road ecology Sewage treatment Urban metabolism Water purification Waste management.

Human impact on the environment Sustainability.

Commercial offshore diving Dive guide Diver training Hyperbaric welding Nondestructive testing Pearl diving Police diving Public safety diving Recreational diver training Salvage diving Scientific diving Sponge diving Underwater archaeology Underwater demolition Underwater photography Underwater search and recovery Underwater videography.

Airlift dredging device Decompression chamber Diving bell High-pressure water jetting Lifting bag Remotely operated vehicle Tremie. Dive planning Diving activities Oceanography Marine biology Underwater diving. My objective has been to bring this delightful esthetic pleasure within everyone's reach - the outcome is this book. It was about twelve years ago when I first recognized the inherent harmony of the theory of currents.

I was probably prompted by H. How ocean currents are studied. Causes of ocean currents. Elements of Dynamic Oceanography D.