Risk and Resilience: Adults Who Were the Children of Problem Drinkers

Description Table of Contents Reviews. Summary First published in Reviews "Essential for all libraries, this important contribution to the understanding of a significant social problem should become a classic. Hanson of SUNY College at Potsdam "For researchers, this is a detailed review of existing literature and a great new body of data and analysis to complement and extend knowledge in the field It gives practitioners much needed information to help address the cognitive and behavioural effects on children of alcoholics, and how working on family strengthening and family harmony can build the resistance to reduce likelihood of problem drinking later in life.

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The Bookshelf application offers access: Offline Computer — Download Bookshelf software to your desktop so you can view your eBooks with or without Internet access. This work looks at the issue of young adults who grew up in families where a parent had a drinking problem. What is the likelihood of such young adults developing drinking problems themselves? And will these children developing other problems as a result of their upbringing? Please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours.

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Please create a new list with a new name; move some items to a new or existing list; or delete some items. Your request to send this item has been completed. Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. A comparison of the included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies demonstrated consistent results related to a secure parent-child attachment. Comparing the results of the current review with the previous work by Park and Schepp [ 17 ] on risk and protective mental health factors in children of alcoholic parents, the following additional protective factors were identified by Park and Schepp: More consistent results were found with regard to appropriate parenting, a secure parent-child-attachment, religion, the presence of and interactions with meaningful family members, the presence of someone to trust, and social support.

To date, it is not easy to develop targeted and effective prevention concepts for children with parents who have an addiction based on the present knowledge. Overall, the investigation revealed protective factors that are comparable to factors that were identified for children and adolescents who are facing different kinds of developmental risks. Lee and colleagues [ 13 ] summarized and grouped protective factors relating to psychosocial resilience in youth who are facing different kinds of developmental risks in a comprehensive review. The results of the current review and the review by Park and Schepp [ 17 ] are consistent with the four main components that were identified by Lee and colleagues [ 13 ]: The bonding factor includes, for example, emotional attachment and commitment to caregivers and close relationships with mature and supportive adults.

The competence factor comprises good cognitive abilities, good self-regulation of emotions and impulses, positive self-perception, talents that are valued by oneself and society, and general appeal or attractiveness to others. The optimism factor includes self-efficacy, spirituality and a clear and positive identity. The environment factor comprises, for example, an organized home environment, authoritative parenting, and socioeconomic advantages [ 13 ].

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Preliminary results from randomized controlled trials of interventions that target parents with drug or alcohol use disorders indicated that interventions that focus on improving parenting practices and family functioning might be effective in reducing negative consequences in affected children [ 18 ]. Limitations that need to be taken into account when interpreting the results of the current review are the considerably different sample sizes as well as the varying age of the children under examination.

As almost all the studies were conducted in the United States, the generalizability of the findings to other countries is limited. As this review shows, there are currently only a few studies examining protective mental health factors in children of parents with drug or alcohol use disorders. Most of the studies focused on parents with alcohol, rather than illicit drug use disorders. Additionally, empirical evidence on the protective factors that were identified in this review was mainly based on the findings of one or two primarily cross-sectional studies for each factor.

Therefore, the predictive significance of the identified factors is not sufficient to draw clear conclusions. Furthermore, it is difficult to compare the included studies, as it is not clear whether the analyzed children faced the same level of adverse life experiences. The risk factors for parental substance use problems might become more evident when they are associated with other risk factors. To assess the effect of protective factors on mental health outcomes, potential risk factors should be included in the assessment, as their effectiveness might be reduced at high levels of risk.

Therefore, the results of the current review are preliminary and need further evaluation. Research highlights the importance of different protective factors, with family factors, including a close and supportive parent-child relationship, as the most investigated factors in the reduction of negative mental health outcomes in affected children. Nevertheless, there is a high level of demand for future research on protective factors in children with drug- or alcohol-using parents. Further longitudinal studies that include risk and protective factors of mental health outcomes are necessary.

We would like to thank Julia Hellgardt for her assistance with the screening of the identified studies. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Published online Jun Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received Mar 15; Accepted May This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract Children of parents with drug and alcohol use disorders often grow up under severe stress and are at greater risk of developing psychological and social problems. Introduction Epidemiological data on the number of children who are affected by drug-using or alcohol-abusing parents are largely unavailable. Table 1 Inclusion criteria IC. Preselection IC 0 1 The study focuses on children of parents with addiction and 2 the children, not the parents, are central.

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Table 2 Assessment of the methodological quality of the included studies. Are the study participants representative of the population under examination? Were the participants in the groups comparable with respect to possible confounders? Synthesis of the results A narrative analysis was performed to synthesize the data that were extracted from the included studies. Results The database search identified potentially relevant publications. Flow of information through the different phases of the systematic review. Overview The included manuscripts were published between and Table 3 Overview of the studies that were included in the systematic review.

Table 4 Methodological quality of the included studies.



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First author year External validity: Protective factors The protective factors that were identified in the 11 included studies that were associated with a positive mental health outcome in children of parents with drug or alcohol use disorders are summarized in Table 5. Table 5 Results of the systematic review. Child-related factors McCauley Ohannessian and colleagues [ 33 ] examined the ability of coping clusters to predict alcohol use in children of alcoholic fathers. Family and parental factors The security of the parent-child attachment was assessed in three of the included studies [ 24 , 26 , 31 ].

Discussion The present review identified 11 studies that assessed 13 protective factors against mental health problems and alcohol or drug abuse in COPAD. Supporting information S1 Table Prisma checklist. DOC Click here for additional data file. S1 Text Review protocol. DOCX Click here for additional data file.

Acknowledgments We would like to thank Julia Hellgardt for her assistance with the screening of the identified studies. Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Drugs and vulnerable groups of young people Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; Children living with substance-dependent or substance-abusing parents: Barnard M, McKeganey N.

The impact of paternal problem drug use on children: Understanding the diverse needs of children whose parents abuse substances. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. A longitudinal study of children of alcoholics: J Child Psychol Psychiat. Moderators of the relationship between maternal substance abuse symptoms and preschool children's behavioral outcomes.

J Child Fam Stud. Paying the price for their parents' addiction: Education, Prevention and Policy. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: Staudt M, Cherry D. Mental health and substance use problems of parents involved with child welfare: Risk factors for out-of-home custody child care among families with alcohol and substance abuse problems. Carle AC, Chassin L.

Risk and Resilience

Resilience in a community sample of children of alcoholics: J Appl Dev Psychol. Resilience as a positive youth development construct: The construct of resilience: Risk and protective factors for the development of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry.

Velleman R, Templeton L. Understanding and modifiying the impact of parents' substance misuse on children. Park S, Schepp KG.