Lhistoire du XXe siècle : Le monde des affaires au Canada et du Québec (French Edition)

Such nationalist concern, visible in the first half of the twentieth century in response to the influx of American periodicals, radio, and film, had prompted Ottawa to establish the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Just as the more traditional variant of French-Canadian nationalism was increasingly overshadowed by its more progressive rivals, so too was its English-Canadian counterpart. The conflict arose from the nebulous treatment accorded culture under the British North America Act.

The responsibility for culture as such was not assigned to any one level of government, although the provinces were given exclusive jurisdiction over education.

As Michael Behiels has observed, the crux of the issue was a dispute over which level of government could best ensure the survival and well-being of French and English Canada in the face of the American challenge. The weakened position in which France found itself during the interwar period relative to the rising United States exacerbated the situation so that French cultural nationalism shifted from a sense of superiority to take on an increasingly defensive hue.

This French antipathy for American cultural influences grew after in the face of preponderant American power, so that the interest in cultivating cultural relations emanating from the Canadian side of the Atlantic met with a sympathetic response. Beyond this, however, was a broader cultural anti-Americanism among the French intelligentsia, political class, and even public opinion. The embassy reported on growing English-Canadian interest in Western Europe as a response to the challenge of Americanization. French diplomats emphasized, however, that this growing avant-garde, wishing to purify French-Canadian culture through more intense contact with France was increasingly alienated from the wider population that accepted its Americanization.

This interest was symptomatic of a broader French concern about American cultural strength; if increased transnational exchanges had led to increased cultural contacts, they had also fuelled nationalist concern about the implications for the rayonnement of French culture at home and abroad. While this certainly held out the prospect of expanded cultural relations, French diplomacy had to determine how it was to conduct its cultural activity in Canada. The nationalist sentiment surrounding cultural affairs and encouraging more substantive intergovernmental relations meant that such exchanges, and the manner by which they were to be conducted, were poised to became a source of dispute, and ultimately, of triangular tensions as the Quiet Revolution unfolded.

Indeed, de Gaulle came away from his visit determined to expand cultural relations with French Canada. French nationalists were by no means alone in their preoccupations about Uncle Sam. A consequence of these three growing — and interacting — nationalist reactions was an increasing governmental involvement in cultural affairs. Even in Canada, where constitutional and institutional obstacles meant the trend was somewhat delayed, there was growing pressure on governments to act in the cultural sphere.

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Cultural Relations, Nationalism and the State Sopron students in Canada. He is quick to point out, however, that there remained substantial differences: Septentrion, ; Michael D. A Story of French Anti-Americanism , trans. University of Chicago Press, , chap. See also, Richard F. Kuisel, Seducing the French: University of California Press, , chaps.

National Identities in English Canada, — Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, See chapters for discussion of the geo-political and economic dimensions of the postwar triangular relationship. Deneau, refers to an increasing French-Canadian interest for France in the postwar period owing to advances in communications and economic prosperity, but offers little detail or evidence to support the claim.

The result is that the work too often intimates that all cultural links were politically-motivated i. Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity London: Sage Publications, ; Peter J.

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Leicester University Press , 14; Howard A. Leeson and Wilfrid V. Vanderelst, External Affairs and Canadian Federalism: The History of a Dilemma Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada, , When the idea of an information division was under discussion in the DEA in , it was suggested it could operate a vast cultural relations programme. The Information Division received a boost when it absorbed the Canadian Information Service successor to the Wartime Information Board in , but its mandate remained heavily circumscribed.

International Dimensions , ed. To avoid constitutional difficulties, the Royal Society of Canada administered the programme. Fides, , The monies came from the succession duties collected from the Dunn and Killam estates. As Cooper points out, although the Massey Report envisaged a new role for the Canadian state as patron of the arts, it rejected the idea of a ministry of culture.

ISFC requests were refused in and McClelland and Stewart, , Another reason for the declining number of bursaries was reduced demand: Given the politicization of the award process, however, it is not unreasonable to speculate that certain candidates interested in studying in France may have been dissuaded from even applying. An additional consideration may have been financial: A more comprehensive examination is available in Meren, chap. Among the students who visited France was Pierre Trudeau. The Life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, volume one: Knopf Canada, , —9. Pelletier emphasizes the importance of going to Paris for members of his generation, describing the city as their intellectual point of reference.

Ouvrages cités

Three years later, it was estimated that 25 French nationals held permanent posts in Canadian universities. For further discussion of the rise of American cultural diplomacy, see Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: Hill and Wang, , Frank A. Ninkovich, The Diplomacy of Ideas: Egan, Jim, Challenging the Conspiracy of Silence: Egoff, Sheila, The Republic of Childhood: Frye, Northrop, Divisions on a Ground: Fuks, Khayim Leyb dir. Fuks Bukh Fund Komitet, Gagnon, Gilbert, Habitudes et comportements des lecteurs.

Gauthier, Yves, Monsieur Livre: Escape into Understanding , Toronto, Stoddart, Gray, John Morgan, Fun Tomorrow: Grescoe, Paul, The Merchants of Venus: Groulx, Lionel, Correspondance, , vol. Hale, James, Branching Out: A History of Manitoba Pool Elevators , [s. Harjo, Joy et Gloria Bird dir. Harrington, Lyn, Syllables of Recorded Time: Harvey, Jean-Charles, Pages de critique. Explorations in Transnational Publishing and Texts: Hood, Dora, The Side Door: Hurtig, Mel, At Twilight in the Country: Memoirs of a Canadian Nationalist , Toronto, Stoddart, Compiled by Edna Greer et al.

Jeanneret, Marsh, God and Mammon: Universities as Publishers , Toronto, Macmillan of Canada, Johnston, Russell, Selling Themselves: Kapos, Andrew, Toronto Speaks: Karr, Clarence, Authors and Audiences: Karsh, Yousuf, Yousuf Karsh: Guthrie, dans Gary Geddes dir. A Life with Writers: Kinsella, Warren, Web of Hate: Kirkconnell, Watson, A Slice of Canada: Memoirs , Toronto, University of Toronto Press, Kirkconnell, Watson et A.

Korda, Michael, Making the List: Kubas, Leonard avec le Communications Research Center, Les quotidiens et leurs lecteurs , Ottawa, Commission royale sur les quotidiens, Kaye et Jack E. Lamonde, Yvan, Peter F.

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Leach, Jim, Claude Jutra: Leduc, Ozias, Ozias Leduc: Lemieux, Louis-Guy, Le roman du Soleil: Lorimer, James et Susan M. Shaw, Book Reading in Canada: Lupton, Ellen et J. Abbott Miller, Design Writing Research: Lyman, John, John Lyman: Machalski, Andrew, Hispanic Writers in Canada: Essays to Honour Diana M. Priestly , Toronto, Carswell, , p.

A Journal of the Printing Arts , n o 36, , p. Buxton et Charles R. McNaught, Kenneth, Conscience and History: Metcalf, John, An Aesthetic Underground: Historical Essays by John S. Montgomery , Mary Rubio et Elizabeth Waterston dir. Morris, Peter, Embattled Shadows: Ostry, Bernard, The Cultural Connection: Overend, Howard, Book Guy: Owram, Doug, The Government Generation: Canadian Intellectuals and the State, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, The State of Canadian Studies in Peel, Bruce et William J.

Penman, Margaret, A Century of Service: Petrone, Penny, Native Literature in Canada: Proceedings , Ottawa, National Library of Canada, Reader, Lover of Books, Lover of Heaven: Compiled by David B. My Canadian Album , p. Ripley, Gordon et Anne V. Roberts, Goodridge, Goodridge Roberts: Ross, Catherine Sheldrick, Alice Munro: Three Decades of Private Printing: Saint-Jacques, Denis et al.

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Vancouver Art Gallery, June 14 to August 7, Text about the artist written by Ian M. Thom, Vancouver, Vancouver Art Gallery, Garry et Carl Garry dir. Soules Economic and Marketing Research, A Journal of the Printing Arts , n o 45, automne-hiver , p. Stacey, Robert avec Hunter Bishop, J. Stanton, Ralph, Vancouver Public Library: Stewart, Sandy, From Coast to Coast: Stubbs, Kendon et David Buxton comp.

Sutherland, Fraser, The Monthly Epic: The Report of the Commission on Canadian Studies , vol.