The Lost Colony

A second wave of colonists, including women and children, arrived in and rebuilt the decaying settlement. Their governor, artist John White, returned to England for supplies and more settlers, but war with Spain delayed him in England for 3 years. When he returned here in , he found the town deserted. By the time President James Monroe paid a visit in , all that remained was the outline of an earthen fort, presumed to have been built by the all-male colony.

Digs near the earthwork in the s and s yielded little.

Roanoke Colony

Crucibles and pharmaceutical jars littered the floor, along with bits of brick from a special furnace. The layout closely resembled those in 16th century woodcuts of German alchemical workshops. But the foundation intends to publish his paper in coming months. The foundation is also gearing up for a series of new digs. In September, archaeologists will re-excavate parts of the workshop, seeking clues to its size and precise design. In October, foundation and NPS archaeologists will excavate along nearby bluffs that are rapidly eroding.

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They are applying new dating methods to sand around a post hole near the shoreline. And after a century of work, they know which areas to rule out, such as by the fort, Klingelhofer says. He's confident the extensive new excavations will be more successful, and is eyeing more sites for digs.

But geologists think the settlement has vanished. Recent studies suggest that shifting currents and rising waters inundated the site in the past couple of centuries, says geologist J. Walsh of the University of North Carolina in nearby Wanchese. On a recent research trip into Albemarle Sound off Roanoke to collect cores, he pointed to a depth finder that revealed perilously shallow water.

He estimates the island's north end has lost about meters in the past 4 centuries, and that strong currents and hurricanes buried any artifacts. Klingelhofer rejects that idea, saying the loss of land "is more likely to have come since the last ice age" rather than after But archaeologists discovered it in the s and have gathered a wealth of artifacts.

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All the scientists, however, concur that today's rising seas are swiftly wearing away Roanoke's northern end. His departure marked the last known contact between the English and their colony in America. The Spanish Armada of disrupted efforts to send voyages to Virginia. White was able to get away to sea that year in two small vessels with 15 new settlers, but these ships were beset by calamities common in this age of privateering and returned home.

In White was finally able to secure passage back to Roanoke Island aboard another privateer. He reached the Virginia coast in mid-August. On 18 August, the third birthday of his granddaughter, colonist Virginia Dare, White once again landed on Roanoke and began a search for the colonists he had planted there.

He soon discovered that the colony was deserted and the houses of their settlement had been dismantled. His primary clue to the potential whereabouts was the word "CROATOAN" cut into a tree or post of a palisade built sometime after his departure in White took this as a sign that the colonists had abandoned the Roanoke Island settlement without immediate distress.

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He also found ruined articles from chests he had left with the colonists, which they had buried and the Indians had excavated. Stormy seas and lack of cooperation on the part of the sailing masters prohibited White from any further search for the colony in Raleigh claimed to have sent other expeditions to regain contact with the colonists, but none was successful.

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The eventual fate of the Lost Colony has both fascinated and puzzled even casual students of early American history for centuries. English explorers and settlers at Jamestown in present-day Virginia searched for the colonists in the early seventeenth century but found none of them, coming eventually to believe that most, if not all, of the Roanoke settlers had died at the hands of belligerent Indians.

Since then, others have speculated that the colonists may have intermixed with the Indians of the North Carolina Coastal Plain , one theory advancing the idea that they are among the ancestors of the modern Lumbee Indians.

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Other theories suggest natural disaster as the reason for the colony's disappearance. Despite the abundance of speculation, imagination, and even outright fabrication on the part of various theorists, the fate of the Lost Colony remains as much a mystery today as it was in the sixteenth century.

For Raleigh National Historic Site: Roanoke colonies research newsletter ; East Carolina University. George Edwin , I am currently doing some research on the lost colony and personally I have found your site to be unhelpful to me. I have used this site before for projects and it has given me good information.