Self-designations and Group Identity in the New Testament

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Companion to Dynamics of Identity in the World of the Early Christians (by Philip A. Harland)

New Testament Studies Early Judaism. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 11 36 , , Dictionary of New Testament Background, , Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 49 1 , 17 , Colossae in Space and Time: Linking to an Ancient City 94, , A Handbook to the Exegesis of the New Testament 25, , Readings from the Perspective of Earth, , As I discuss in part 2 of the book, scholars have long recognized the importance of familial terminology or fictive kinship for early Christian identity.

Paul and the groups he established sometimes understood the group in terms of membership in a fictive family, and they called one another "brothers" and "sisters" to express their sense of belonging together. Paul could speak of himself as a father caring for his children, the members of his congregations. However, many scholars have neglected similar familial dimensions of identity within the Greco-Roman world more broadly.

Although each Christian group was certainly distinctive in its own way, Christians were not distinctive in relation to non-Christian groups in using family language to express social attachments and hierarchies within the group. Some other associations and members of associations expressed their sense of belonging with others by employing fictive familial terms, as I demonstrate in the book.

The Judean practice of referring to certain important leaders or benefactors as "mothers of the synagogue" or "fathers of the synagogue" further illustrates the importance of the family as a model of community and belonging. In doing so, Judean groups were reflecting a more widespread cultural practice within associations and cities in the Greek part of the empire.

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Among the earliest examples from CE of an association calling a leader or benefactor "father" is a Greek inscription from Callatis in Thracia north of Asia Minor , for instance. In this inscription, the "society-members" thiasitai pass a decree in honour of Ariston, who is called "father," as well as "benefactor" of the society thiasos and founder of the city.

This group of Dionysos-worshippers is likely one of the associations of "Asians" founded by Greek-speaking immigrants from Asia Minor, which brings us to ethnic associations.

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In part 3 of the book, I investigate evidence for immigrants who formed associations in the cities of the Roman empire and consider issues surrounding ethnic identities. The case of ethnic groups from Phoenicia or Syria who settled elsewhere and formed associations illustrates how these immigrants could maintain connections with the cultural life of their homelands while also finding a place for themselves within the society of settlement. Sociological approaches to acculturation, assimilation, and dissimilation help us to better understand the nature of interactions between immigrants and surrounding society.

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Contrary to many scholarly portraits of the Greco-Roman world, not all immigrants were lost and rootless in a declining society. Studying such immigrant or cultural minority groups also provides a comparative framework for understanding the place of other cultural minorities, including Judean immigrants and Christian groups, within the cities of the Roman empire.

Judeans Jews settled throughout the cities of the Roman empire, and in many cases they also formed their own associations, comparable to Syrians and other ethnic groups. Such associations could be a means by which such immigrants maintained their own ethnic identities while also finding a place within the society of settlement. Twenty three Judean grave inscriptions from the city of Hierapolis in Asia Minor provide a particularly fruitful area for studying the ways in which these cultural minorities both as individuals and as groups adapted to local cultural life while also expressing their Judean identities within that same context.

You can view photos of many of these graves in the photo galleries section of this site. One of the most fascinating among the Hierapolis inscriptions, which I explore at length in the book, involves the grave of Publius Aelius Glykon and Aurelia Amia. This inscription illustrates very well the cultural interactions which could take place at the local level between members of different ethnic and cultural groups.

All of the essays, which cover nearly every book of the New Testament, brim with helpful insights about the way early Christian authors sought to shape the identities and actions of their audiences. The book deserves to be read and used widely by scholars and advanced students alike. Anyone interested in identity and the Bible will find that this handbook presents both explanations of method in applying identity theory to Scripture and textual studies dealing with most of the New Testament documents. The authors of these helpful essays are some of the most important people currently writing on identity.

The editors are to be congratulated for making such a fine handbook available.

T&T Clark Handbook to Social Identity in the New Testament

Brian Tucker Uitgever Bloomsbury. Overige kenmerken Extra groot lettertype Nee.

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