Raising African-American Males: Strategies and Interventions for Successful Outcomes

Students are exposed to career options, enhanced academic progression and career placement opportunities. The ultimate goal of this organization is to focus on overall student development by grooming them to become productive citizens, facilitating their growth by sharing valuable resources and networks, and challenging them to strive for excellence. The Purpose of REACH is to collaborate with community and industry-driven leaders who proactively establish a professional standard of values and ethics towards challenging and nourishing students to achieve a productive lifestyle.

Raising Expectations of Achievement envisions a college community which pursues, empowers, and fosters an environment for student success in post-secondary education and beyond. To contact this college about this intervention, take note of the ID above, ID , and then fill out the intervention contact request form.

Please note that for security purposes, contact information can only be provided to known contacts at active Achieving the Dream institutions. Regardless of the geographic location, many African Americans will come to health care interactions with a sense of distrust making it difficult for them to disclose their concerns, as well as making it difficult for them to accept suggested interventions from the provider.

Understanding the influence of the circle of culture and a sense of collective identity has numerous implications for practice. Another important practice implication arising from the circle of culture data is that individual level interventions are most likely ineffective, especially as it relates to diet. Cultural expectations are so strong that individuals need a great deal of family and community support to be able to implement current recommended healthy practices.

Sub themes within the circle of culture illustrate the difficulties faced by individual African Americans trying to engage in HTN-preventive self-care behaviors. Participants in the focus groups stated that they could use professional help in making changes. They especially wanted assistance to make culturally favored foods healthier, but still palatable to family members. They also discussed the need for support from their social network, and thought the church was an important place to begin making community-level changes.

This suggestion is consistent with other studies of health promotion among African Americans Oexman, et al.

Church-based obesity interventions have proven to have significant results in reducing obesity among African American women Sbrocco et al. Further research is needed to determine if these and other types of community level interventions are more effective than individual interventions in changing self-care behaviors among African Americans. Studies targeting other types of family and group interventions also are needed.

The results of this study add to the growing literature regarding the utility of the TPB in understanding preventive health behaviors. The TPB provides important information for understanding intra-and inter-personal factors underlying behavior. Findings from the current study enhance that understanding by demonstrating the power of the cultural context within which attitudes and behaviors are developed. This study is the first known to discuss the role of collective identity as a factor influencing health behaviors and attitudes toward health care providers.

Based on participant responses, providers need to be more cognizant of the influence of cultural factors on individual behavior, and more sensitive to the role of mistrust in adherence to the medical plan of care. Providers also should consider expanding their level of intervention to families and communities in order to improve hypertension preventive self-care among African Americans.

Raising Expectations of Achievement for African-American Males

Given the power of cultural norms, affective interventions targeting those norms and values need to be tested to determine if they can improve preventive behaviors and decrease the disparity in hypertension outcomes. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 , Deborah Page for her transcription work. The final, definitive version of the article is available at http: National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. West J Nurs Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC Jun Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.

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The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at West J Nurs Res. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract A qualitative study was done to explore attitudes and beliefs of African Americans regarding hypertension-preventive self-care behaviors. African American Culture and Hypertension Prevention Hypertension HTN is a common, progressive health problem contributing to significant morbidity and mortality among African Americans.

Hypertension Prevention among African Americans One in three Purpose The purpose of the current study was to use the TPB as a guide to explore the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of African Americans relative to initiating and maintaining self-care behaviors necessary to control blood pressure and prevent hypertension. Design A qualitative study using focus group methodology was conducted to obtain information regarding African American attitudes and beliefs regarding HTN preventive behavior. Sample Purposive sampling was used to recruit community-dwelling, healthy African-American adults between 25 to 60 years of age.

Methods Focus Group Format Focus groups were used to obtain information regarding participants' experiences and beliefs related to HTN prevention, and to capitalize on the interaction that occurs within the groups to elicit a rich, detailed perspective. Data Collection The research team consisted of the primary investigator PI , a group moderator, a data collector, and a doctorally prepared nurse who is an expert in qualitative methods. Data Analysis Qualitative data collection and analysis are inseparable processes, with the first step of analysis beginning during each group session.

Findings A review of the themes revealed some overlap between findings from the a priori theory coding and the open coding analysis. Circle of Culture The circle of culture is a metaphor representing the boundaries that enfold individuals within the traditions of the larger group, including traditions affecting hypertensive-preventive behaviors. Attitude There are three component beliefs that form attitude: In the higher SES groups, two participants described the role of stress in this way: One father poignantly described the stress that comes from living in a poor, crime-ridden area: Passed from generation to generation Although participants had the cognitive awareness of behaviors necessary to prevent HTN, and held positive beliefs that prevention was important, their commitment to engaging in those behaviors was strongly influenced by the circle of culture.

This theme is summarized in one participant's statement: I think sometimes being an African American and knowing history like I do, there's some distrust [in physicians]… …A lot of people don't like taking medicine, some people when they finally go to the doctor, don't trust the doctor anyway. For example, the people that have the syphilis [referring to Tuskegee] and they remember things like that and it makes it hard for them to trust… Although participants attributed greater distrust of physicians to older African Americans, this distrust was reported as having considerable influence on the health behaviors of their children and grandchildren.

One woman expressed it in this way: Perceived Behavioral Control Although participants were knowledgeable about self-care strategies necessary to prevent HTN, discussion of control beliefs revealed few facilitators and focused more on barriers to engaging in those preventive behaviors. Take it upon yourself to pass it on like that… Participants also expressed the need to be accountable for the sake of the children.

Subjective Norm Questions regarding normative beliefs and the influence of subjective norms on hypertension preventive behaviors stimulated the most discussion in all of the focus groups. Discussion Data from this study contributes to nursing knowledge in four areas including: Theory of Planned Behavior Data from the current study identified positive attitudes toward the need for HTN prevention. Family and Community-level Interventions Another important practice implication arising from the circle of culture data is that individual level interventions are most likely ineffective, especially as it relates to diet.

Conclusions The results of this study add to the growing literature regarding the utility of the TPB in understanding preventive health behaviors.

Open in a separate window. Theory of Planned Behavior Ajzen, I. Table 2 Grand Tour Questions.

• La fièvre du désir (Harlequin Azur) (French Edition).
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What do you think might stop family members and friends for doing those things you just said were important for preventing high blood pressure? What is or would be the reaction from your family and friends if you tried to do all the behaviors you just described to prevent high blood pressure? What do you think are the most common factors that stop African Americans from engaging in these behaviors to prevent high blood pressure?

Footnotes The final, definitive version of the article is available at http: Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Nature and operations of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology. The theory of planned behavior: Retrieved August 27, , from: Ajzen I, Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Ajzen I, Timko C. Correspondence between health attitudes and behavior. Basic and Applied Social Psychology.

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Strategies and Interventions for Successful Outcomes

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African American Culture and Hypertension Prevention

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African American Culture and Hypertension Prevention

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