Society in Early North Carolina: A Documentary History
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- Regulator Movement.
Dissatisfaction grew and unrest spread among the people. A new governor, William Tryon , arrived in ; he was a veteran army colonel and became the cause of renewed unrest, in part after he occupied a large new building—" Tryon's Palace ," designed as both governor's home and capitol, which he constructed in New Bern at public expense. Officials grew concerned for their own safety in after a mob seized a county officer against whom it held grievances—the much-despised Edmund Fanning , a corrupt multiple-office holder in Orange County —grabbed his heels, and pulled him down the stairs, banging his head on each step.
The home of another official was entered and his personal possessions were thrown out the window. When a special term of court was called in Hillsborough in , the judges hesitated to attend and Tryon called out the militia to protect them. The Regulators sought a public meeting with colonial officials to discover "whether the free men of this [Orange] county labor under any abuses of power or not. Their failure to respond precipitated further determination and closer bonding among the Regulators.
As a governor appointed by the Crown as well as a trained and experienced army officer, Tryon would brook no such action as he anticipated from the men of North Carolina. With the approval of the colonial Assembly, the governor called out the militia, and at its head led his army from New Bern, the capital, to the western frontier intent on settling the question of authority in his colony. West of Hillsborough where they were camped, the Regulators on 16 May tried once again to confer with Tryon.
They could do so, he replied, only if they dispersed and laid down their arms within the hour. This infuriated the Regulators.
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When they made no response, Tryon sent an officer to say that unless they disbanded promptly he would fire on them. Training and adequate supplies contributed to the militia victory in the famous two-hour engagement known as the Battle of Alamance.
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Tryon's men lost 9 killed and 61 wounded. Largely untrained frontiersmen, the Regulators took cover behind large rocks and trees and removed their casualties promptly, so there is no reliable count of their losses.
The militia took a few prisoners, one of whom was hanged without even the show of a military court. Although the execution was reported to have occurred on the battlefield, Tryon noted that it took place at Great Alamance Camp the next morning.
Of the 14 captives tried at a special term of the superior court, 12 were convicted of treason and sentenced to death. Tryon issued an offer to pardon, with few exceptions, anyone who swore an oath of allegiance to the royal government. The Regulators generally took advantage of this offer, and within six weeks 6, had complied with its terms.
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The governor actually was more generous to the Regulators than the legislature was. When the British government suggested that the Assembly enact a general amnesty, the two Houses could not agree on its terms and the proposal failed to pass. By then, most of the leaders of the Regulator Movement were either dead, in exile, or in hiding, and the rebellion's ordinary soldiers were scattered and disheartened.
Many simply returned to their former way of life, but a few moved away. Some formed a settlement on the banks of the Mississippi River near the site of Memphis, but later, when some of Tryon's former militiamen appeared in their midst, they packed up and moved farther away. The coming of the American Revolution soon erased the differences between the two groups of Carolinians.
Exploring North Carolina: African American History
Many men from both sides joined in the fight for independence from Britain and served together in a common cause. North Carolina Civic Education Consortium. Breaking loose together the Regulator Rebellion in pre-revolutionary North Carolina. University of North Carolina Press. Local Voices of the Civil Rights Movement. African American History Resources some online: Race and education in North Carolina: E-qual-ity education in North Carolina among Negroes.
University of North Carolina Press. Escott, and Flora J. A history of African Americans in North Carolina.
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The free Negro in North Carolina, Black manhood and community building in North Carolina, University Press of Florida. African Americans and education in the South, The rich heritage of African Americans in North Carolina. Greater than equal African American struggles for schools and citizenship in North Carolina, The University of North Carolina Press.
African Americans in early North Carolina: Office of Archives and History, N.